形態特徵
羊毛杜鵑小枝粗壯,直徑7-9毫米,密被黃銹色絨毛,老枝無毛。葉厚革質,堅硬,寬倒披針形至倒卵形,長7-14厘米,寬4-7.5厘米,先端圓或近截形,有小突尖頭,基部鈍,邊緣反卷,上面暗深綠色,有粗糙的皺紋,除中脈有絨毛外其餘無毛,下面紅褐色,密被一層厚的單毛狀絨毛,中脈在下面凸出、密被棕褐色絨毛,側脈10-12對,在上面凹入較深,下面稍隆起,沒入厚的毛被中;葉柄粗壯,長1.5-2.7厘米,被毛如小枝。頂生緊密的傘形花序,有花7-14朵;總軸長1-1.5厘米,密被絨毛;花梗長1-1.3厘米,密被銹色絨毛;花萼小,長1.8-3毫米,被銹色絨毛,裂片5,齒狀三角形,長約1.1毫米;花冠管狀鐘形,長約4厘米,直徑近4厘米,肉質,暗深紅色,內面基部有5枚黑紅色的密腺囊,裂片5,扁圓形,長1.5厘米,寬1厘米,有缺刻;雄蕊10,不等長,長2.2-3.2厘米,花絲無毛,基部深紅色,花葯長橢圓形,紫黑色,長1.5-2.5毫米;子房近於卵圓形,長7毫米,頂端截形,密被銹色羊毛狀絨毛,花柱長2.3厘米,無毛,柱頭小,點狀。蒴果圓柱形,斜生果梗上,長1-2厘米,直徑5-6毫米,微彎曲,有淺肋紋及褐色絨毛。相關的種
亮紅杜鵑Rhododendron albertsenianum Forrest宿鱗杜鵑Rhododendron aperantum Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward
刺枝杜鵑Rhododendron beanianum Cowan
碧江杜鵑Rhododendron bijiangense Ming
瓣萼杜鵑Rhododendron catacosmum Balf.f. ex Tagg
雲霧杜鵑Rhododendron chamaethomsonii (Tagg) Cowan & Davidian
毛背雲霧杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron chamaethomsonii (Tagg) Cowan & Davidian var. chamaedoron (Tagg & Forrest) D. F. Chamb.
短萼雲霧杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron chamaethomsonii (Tagg) Cowan & Davidian var. chamaethauma (Tagg) Cowan & Davidian
雲霧杜鵑(原變種)Rhododendron chamaethomsonii (Tagg) Cowan & Davidian var. chamaethomsonii
高山白花杜鵑Rhododendron chionanthum Tagg & Forrest
橙黃杜鵑Rhododendron citriniflorum Balf.f. & Forrest
橙黃杜鵑(原變種)Rhododendron citriniflorum Balf.f. & Forrest var. citriniflorum
美艷橙黃杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron citriniflorum Balf.f. & Forrest var. horaeum (Balf.f. & Forrest) D. F. Chamb.
滇緬杜鵑Rhododendron coelicum Balf.f. & Farrer
兩色杜鵑Rhododendron dichroanthum Diels
匍匐杜鵑Rhododendron erastum Balf.f. & Forrest
滇西杜鵑Rhododendron euchroum Balf.f. & Kingdon-Ward
華麗杜鵑Rhododendron eudoxum Balf.f. & Forrest
褐葉華麗杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron eudoxum Balf.f. & Forrest var. brunneifolium (Balf.f. & Forrest) D. F. Chamb.
華麗杜鵑(原變種)Rhododendron eudoxum Balf.f. & Forrest var. eudoxum
白毛華麗杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron eudoxum Balf.f. & Forrest var. mesopolium (Balf.f. & Forrest) D. F. Chamb.
綿毛杜鵑Rhododendron floccigerum Franch.
紫背杜鵑Rhododendron forrestii Balf.f. ex Diels
紫背杜鵑(原亞種)Rhododendron forrestii Balf.f. ex Diels subsp. forrestii
乳突紫背杜鵑(亞種)Rhododendron forrestii Balf.f. ex Diels subsp. papillatum D. F. Chamb.
似血杜鵑Rhododendron haematodes Franch.
絹毛杜鵑(亞種)Rhododendron haematodes Franch. subsp. chaetomallum (Balf.f. & Forrest) D. F. Chamb.
似血杜鵑(原亞種)Rhododendron haematodes Franch. subsp. haematodes
短蕊杜鵑Rhododendron microgynum Balf.f. & Forrest
火紅杜鵑Rhododendron neriiflorum Franch.
盤萼杜鵑Rhododendron parmulatum Cowan
察隅杜鵑Rhododendron piercei Davidian
杯萼杜鵑Rhododendron pocophorum Balf.f. ex Tagg
腺柄杯萼杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron pocophorum Balf.f. ex Tagg var. hemidartum (Balf.f. ex Tagg) D. F. Chamb.
杯萼杜鵑(原變種)Rhododendron pocophorum Balf.f. ex Tagg var. pocophorum
血紅杜鵑Rhododendron sanguineum Franch.
純紅杜鵑Rhododendron sperabile Balf.f. & Farrer
純紅杜鵑(原變種)Rhododendron sperabile Balf.f. & Farrer var. sperabile
維西純紅杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron sperabile Balf.f. & Farrer var. weihsiense Tagg & Forrest
糠秕杜鵑Rhododendron sperabiloides Tagg & Forrest
滇藏杜鵑Rhododendron temenium Balf.f. & Forrest
粉紅滇藏杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron temenium Balf.f. & Forrest var. dealbatum (Cowan) D. F. Chamb.
黃花滇藏杜鵑(變種)Rhododendron temenium Balf.f. & Forrest var. gilvum (Cowan) D. F. Chamb.
滇藏杜鵑(原變種)Rhododendron temenium Balf.f. & Forrest var. temenium
朗貢杜鵑Rhododendron trilectorum Cowan
參考文獻
Rhododendron mallotum Balf. f. et K. Ward in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 118. 1917; Tagg in Stevenson, Spec. Rhodod. 525. 1930; Hutch. in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 158: t. 9419. 1935;中國高等植物圖鑑3: 94. 圖4142. 1974; Cullen et Chamb. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 37: 333. 1979; Chamb. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 39: 386. 198?; 雲南植物志4: 434. 1986. ——R. aemulorum Balf. f. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 12: 86. 1920.杜鵑花科杜鵑屬植物(二)
杜鵑花科,雙子葉植物,50屬,約1300種,分布極廣,但主產地為南非和我國西部,我國有14屬,718種,全國均產之,其中杜鵑花屬Rhododendron為世界有名的觀賞植物。 |