過去式

過去式

過去式是用來表達動詞的“過了”、“完了”,“結束了”等意思,和現在的狀態沒有關係。過去式,總的來說是英語語法的一種,表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態。一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示,而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規則動詞和不規則動詞。

基本信息

定義

過去式
⒈過去發生的而現在已經結束的動作需要用一般過去式來表示
過去式過去式

⒉表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態。
⒊過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
過去時態】表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。
過去時態結構】是指過去時態下的動詞形式的語法構成。
過去式就是動詞的變化,表示過去發生的事。一般看到ago,before,in 几几年,yesterday,last night,就是過去式。
如:work-worked
listen-listened 一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的有一些變化。

結構

過去時態結構基本形式】
1,主語+動詞過去式+其他;
2,be 動詞用 was / were,
如:Where were you yesterday?
行為動詞用:主語 + 動詞過去式, 如:I got up late yesterday.
否定句:主語+ didn't + 動詞原形 一般疑問句; Did + 主語 + 動詞原形
過去式過去式

3,構成 :
⑴ be→was— (am,is 的過去式) were— (are 的過去式)
⑵ V. →V-ed (動詞過去式)

概念

表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態。一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示,而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規則動詞和不規則動詞。 【過去式
⒈過去發生的而現在已經結束的動作需要用一般過去式來表示
⒉表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態。
⒊過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
過去時態】表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。
過去時態結構】是指過去時態下的動詞形式的語法構成。
過去式就是動詞的變化,表示過去發生的事。一般看到ago,before,in 几几年,yesterday,last night,就是過去式。
如:work-worked
listen-listened 一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的有一些變化。

例句

A:What did you do last weekend?
B:I played football.
A:Did you read books?
B:Yes,I did.
A:What did you do last week?
B:I studied English.
A:Did you read books?
B:Yes,I did.

構成

表示一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示,而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規則動詞和不規則動詞。規則動詞的過去式變化如下:
⑴一般情況下,動詞詞尾加 ed ,如:
work—worked; play—played;want— wanted; act—acted
⑵以不發音的 e 結尾動詞,動詞詞尾加 d,如:
live—lived; move—moved; decide—decided; decline—declined; hope—hoped;  
⑶以輔音字母 + y結尾的動詞,把y變為i 再加ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
⑷以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節動詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加 ed,如:
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
⑸以ic結尾的動詞,要把ic變成ick再加ed,如picnic→picnicked,traffic→trafficked
⑹註:不規則動詞的過去式變化規律性不強,須多加記憶。
go - went,make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was,are-were ,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,think-thought,say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,
put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew,
以上的⑴至⑸條中的發音均有改變,具體分別有/d/ /t/ /id/。
而不規則動詞的過去式的發音則略有不同,但是有些還是按照一定規律變化的。如以上的:make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,bring-brought,teach-taught,think-thought,say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew。
仔細看一看,能發現它們的一些變化規律,也就是說不需要死記硬背這些過去式,知道了原型和變化規律,就可以寫出來了。有的變化部分讀音也是有規律的。分類記憶是對學習過去式很有幫助的!

用法


表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內所發生的動作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們去了天龍山
一般過去時的用法一.概念:一般過去時是表示在過去的時間裡發生的動作或狀態,通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。
二.時間狀語:yesterday,the day before yesterday,two days ago,long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week,month),just now,at that time,in those days.
三.過去時的用法:1.有確定的過去時間狀語時要用過去式。
例:We had a good time last week.
2.表示過去連續發生的動作時,要用過去式。
例:The boy closed the door,turned off the window,and then went to bed.
⒊ 表示過去一段時間內經常或反覆的動作,要用過去式。
例:She often came to help me at that time.
四.一般過去式的構成形式:☆Be動詞的過去式:⑴肯定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was,were)
例:He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago.
否定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was,were)+ not
例:He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not my students long long ago.
一般疑問句:直接把be動詞提到句首。
例:Was he ill yesterday?
肯定回答:Yes,he was.
否定回答:No,he wasn't.Was she nine two years ago? Yes,she was. / No,she wasn't.Were they your students long long ago? Yes,they were. / No,they weren't.
實意動詞的過去式:⑴肯定句:主語+動詞的過去式
例:He played football last week.She watched TV last night.
⑵否定句:主語+ did not +動詞原形
例:He did not play football last week.She didn’t watch TV last night.
一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形 例:Did he play football last week?
回答:Yes,he did./ No,he didn't.
Did she watch TV last night?
回答:Yes,she did. / No,she didn’t.
五.動詞變過去式的幾種常用規則:1.一般動詞直接+ ed;
例:look--looked want--wanted listen --listened
2.以e結尾的詞直接+ d;例:live--lived phone--phoned
3.以輔音字母加y結尾,變y為i加ed;例:try--tried study--studied
4.重讀閉音節結尾的,詞尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫詞尾輔音字母+ ed;例:stop--stopped plan--planned
⒌不規則動詞: 動詞由原形轉變為過去式時不按詞尾加“-ed”之變化規則者叫做不規則動詞。國小常見的動詞不規則過去式如:是be/is/am/are- was,是are- were,來come-came,去go- went,有have- had,做/乾do- did,做make- made 讀read- read,放put- put,切割cut- cut,寫write- wrote,帶走take- took,買buy- bought,帶來bring- brought,想think- thought,看見see- saw,說say- said,說話speak- spoke,打破break- broke,得到get- got,跑run- ran,告訴tell- told,唱sing- sang,喝drink- drank,吃eat- ate,游泳swim- swam,開始begin- began,偷steal- stole,遇見meet- met,賣sell- sold,坐sit- sat,跑run-ran,讀read-read,想要want-want,知道know-known,fall-fell等等。
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內所發生的動作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。
I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們去了天龍山。I stayed at home,yesterday.昨天,我整日呆在家裡.
一般過去時態:表示過去某一時間所發生的動作或存在的狀態。謂語動詞要用一般過去式。
時間標誌:yesterday(昨天),last weekend(上周),last month(上個月),last year(去年),two months ago(兩個月前),the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年),in those days (在那些日子裡)等表示過去的時間狀語。
如:
I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。
When did you go to the park? (你是什麼時候去的公園)。
I went to the park last weekend. (我是上周去的公園)
在上面的句子中第一句屬於be動詞的一般過去時態
第二句和第三句屬於實義動詞go的一般過去時態。
Be 動詞一般過去時態
在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞, am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were.
構成:
肯定句
:主語+was (were) +表語
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我遲到了。)
否定句:主語+was (were) +not+表語
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我們昨天沒遲到)
疑問句:Was (Were) +主語+表語
如:Was you sick yesterday? (你昨天病了嗎?)
肯定回答:Yes,I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定回答:No,I wasn't. (不,我沒病。)
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was (were) +主語+表語
如:When were you born? 你是什麼時候出生的?
awake-awoke-awoken

讀法

規則動詞詞尾加-ed有三種讀音:
1
. 在清輔音後讀作[t]。如:asked,helped,watched,stopped
2. 在濁輔音元音後讀作[d]。如:enjoyed,studied,moved,called
3.在t / d後讀作[id]。如:wanted,needed 清音t元濁d td後面讀(一的)
不規則動詞的過去式大體上歸納有以下六條記憶法:
1. 以t結尾的詞,過去式與原形相同。如:put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat
2. 以d結尾的詞,把d變成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent
3. 以n結尾的詞,在詞後加t。如:mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4.以ow / aw結尾的詞,把ow / aw變成ew。如:blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
5.含有雙寫字母的詞,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加t。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt
6.含有元音字母o / i的詞,將o / i變成a。如:sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank
但也有例外,如get的過去式是got,與第一條不符,僅僅是大多數動詞符合。

附表

不規則動詞變化表
原形 過去式 過去分詞

be

was/were

been

begin

began

begun

bring

brought

brought

buy

bought

bought

catch

caught

caught

come

came

come

cut

cut

cut

do

did

done

draw

drew

drawn

drink

drank

drunk

drive

drove

driven

eat

ate

eaten

feel

felt

felt

fight

fought

fought

find

found

found

fly

flew

flown

get

got

got

give

gave

given

go

went

gone

grow

grew

grown

have

had

had

hear
hit
hurt

heard
hit
hurt

heard
hit
hurt

know

knew

known

leave

left

left

lose

lost

lost

make

made

made

meet

met

met

put

put

put

read

read

read

ride

rode

ridden

ring

rang

rung

rise

rose

risen

run

ran

run

say

said

said

see

saw

seen

sell

sold

sold

send

sent

sent

set

set

set

shut

shut

shut

sing

sang

sung

sit

sat

sat

sleep

slept

slept

speak

spoke

spoken

spend

spent

spent

stand

stood

stood

swim

swam

swum

sweep

swept

swept

take

took

taken

teach

taught

taught

tell

told

told

think

thought

thought

throw

threw

thrown

understand

understood

understood

wear

wore

worn

write

wrote

written等

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