定義
【過去式】⒈過去發生的而現在已經結束的動作需要用一般過去式來表示
⒉表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態。
⒊過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
【過去時態】表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。
【過去時態結構】是指過去時態下的動詞形式的語法構成。
過去式就是動詞的變化,表示過去發生的事。一般看到ago,before,in 几几年,yesterday,last night,就是過去式。
如:work-worked
listen-listened 一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的有一些變化。
結構
【過去時態結構基本形式】1,主語+動詞過去式+其他;
2,be 動詞用 was / were,
如:Where were you yesterday?
行為動詞用:主語 + 動詞過去式, 如:I got up late yesterday.
否定句:主語+ didn't + 動詞原形 一般疑問句; Did + 主語 + 動詞原形
3,構成 :
⑴ be→was— (am,is 的過去式) were— (are 的過去式)
⑵ V. →V-ed (動詞過去式)
概念
表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態。一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示,而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規則動詞和不規則動詞。 【過去式】⒈過去發生的而現在已經結束的動作需要用一般過去式來表示
⒉表示過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態。
⒊過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
【過去時態】表示行為、動作和狀態在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。
【過去時態結構】是指過去時態下的動詞形式的語法構成。
過去式就是動詞的變化,表示過去發生的事。一般看到ago,before,in 几几年,yesterday,last night,就是過去式。
如:work-worked
listen-listened 一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的有一些變化。
例句
A:What did you do last weekend?B:I played football.
A:Did you read books?
B:Yes,I did.
A:What did you do last week?
B:I studied English.
A:Did you read books?
B:Yes,I did.
構成
表示一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示,而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規則動詞和不規則動詞。規則動詞的過去式變化如下:⑴一般情況下,動詞詞尾加 ed ,如:
work—worked; play—played;want— wanted; act—acted
⑵以不發音的 e 結尾動詞,動詞詞尾加 d,如:
live—lived; move—moved; decide—decided; decline—declined; hope—hoped;
⑶以輔音字母 + y結尾的動詞,把y變為i 再加ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
⑷以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節動詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加 ed,如:
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
⑸以ic結尾的動詞,要把ic變成ick再加ed,如picnic→picnicked,traffic→trafficked
⑹註:不規則動詞的過去式變化規律性不強,須多加記憶。
go - went,make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was,are-were ,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,think-thought,say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,
put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew,
以上的⑴至⑸條中的發音均有改變,具體分別有/d/ /t/ /id/。
而不規則動詞的過去式的發音則略有不同,但是有些還是按照一定規律變化的。如以上的:make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,bring-brought,teach-taught,think-thought,say-said,sit-sat. read-read,spend-spent,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew。
仔細看一看,能發現它們的一些變化規律,也就是說不需要死記硬背這些過去式,知道了原型和變化規律,就可以寫出來了。有的變化部分讀音也是有規律的。分類記憶是對學習過去式很有幫助的!
用法
⑴表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內所發生的動作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們去了天龍山。
一般過去時的用法一.概念:一般過去時是表示在過去的時間裡發生的動作或狀態,通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。
二.時間狀語:yesterday,the day before yesterday,two days ago,long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week,month),just now,at that time,in those days.
三.過去時的用法:1.有確定的過去時間狀語時要用過去式。
例:We had a good time last week.
2.表示過去連續發生的動作時,要用過去式。
例:The boy closed the door,turned off the window,and then went to bed.
⒊ 表示過去一段時間內經常或反覆的動作,要用過去式。
例:She often came to help me at that time.
四.一般過去式的構成形式:☆Be動詞的過去式:⑴肯定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was,were)
例:He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago.
⑵否定句:主語+ be動詞的過去式(was,were)+ not
例:He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not my students long long ago.
⑶一般疑問句:直接把be動詞提到句首。
例:Was he ill yesterday?
肯定回答:Yes,he was.
否定回答:No,he wasn't.Was she nine two years ago? Yes,she was. / No,she wasn't.Were they your students long long ago? Yes,they were. / No,they weren't.
☆實意動詞的過去式:⑴肯定句:主語+動詞的過去式
例:He played football last week.She watched TV last night.
⑵否定句:主語+ did not +動詞原形
例:He did not play football last week.She didn’t watch TV last night.
⑶一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形 例:Did he play football last week?
回答:Yes,he did./ No,he didn't.
Did she watch TV last night?
回答:Yes,she did. / No,she didn’t.
五.動詞變過去式的幾種常用規則:1.一般動詞直接+ ed;
例:look--looked want--wanted listen --listened
2.以e結尾的詞直接+ d;例:live--lived phone--phoned
3.以輔音字母加y結尾,變y為i加ed;例:try--tried study--studied
4.重讀閉音節結尾的,詞尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫詞尾輔音字母+ ed;例:stop--stopped plan--planned
⒌不規則動詞: 動詞由原形轉變為過去式時不按詞尾加“-ed”之變化規則者叫做不規則動詞。國小常見的動詞不規則過去式如:是be/is/am/are- was,是are- were,來come-came,去go- went,有have- had,做/乾do- did,做make- made 讀read- read,放put- put,切割cut- cut,寫write- wrote,帶走take- took,買buy- bought,帶來bring- brought,想think- thought,看見see- saw,說say- said,說話speak- spoke,打破break- broke,得到get- got,跑run- ran,告訴tell- told,唱sing- sang,喝drink- drank,吃eat- ate,游泳swim- swam,開始begin- began,偷steal- stole,遇見meet- met,賣sell- sold,坐sit- sat,跑run-ran,讀read-read,想要want-want,知道know-known,fall-fell等等。
表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內所發生的動作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。
I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我們去了天龍山。I stayed at home,yesterday.昨天,我整日呆在家裡.
一般過去時態:表示過去某一時間所發生的動作或存在的狀態。謂語動詞要用一般過去式。
時間標誌:yesterday(昨天),last weekend(上周),last month(上個月),last year(去年),two months ago(兩個月前),the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年),in those days (在那些日子裡)等表示過去的時間狀語。
如:
I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。
When did you go to the park? (你是什麼時候去的公園)。
I went to the park last weekend. (我是上周去的公園)
在上面的句子中第一句屬於be動詞的一般過去時態;
第二句和第三句屬於實義動詞go的一般過去時態。
Be 動詞一般過去時態
在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞, am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were.
構成:
肯定句:主語+was (were) +表語
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我遲到了。)
否定句:主語+was (were) +not+表語
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我們昨天沒遲到)
疑問句:Was (Were) +主語+表語
如:Was you sick yesterday? (你昨天病了嗎?)
肯定回答:Yes,I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定回答:No,I wasn't. (不,我沒病。)
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was (were) +主語+表語
如:When were you born? 你是什麼時候出生的?
awake-awoke-awoken
讀法
規則動詞詞尾加-ed有三種讀音:1. 在清輔音後讀作[t]。如:asked,helped,watched,stopped
2. 在濁輔音和元音後讀作[d]。如:enjoyed,studied,moved,called
3.在t / d後讀作[id]。如:wanted,needed 清音t元濁d td後面讀(一的)
不規則動詞的過去式大體上歸納有以下六條記憶法:
1. 以t結尾的詞,過去式與原形相同。如:put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat
2. 以d結尾的詞,把d變成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent
3. 以n結尾的詞,在詞後加t。如:mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt
4.以ow / aw結尾的詞,把ow / aw變成ew。如:blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew
5.含有雙寫字母的詞,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加t。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt
6.含有元音字母o / i的詞,將o / i變成a。如:sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank
但也有例外,如get的過去式是got,與第一條不符,僅僅是大多數動詞符合。
附表
不規則動詞變化表原形 過去式 過去分詞
be | was/were | been |
begin | began | begun |
bring | brought | brought |
buy | bought | bought |
catch | caught | caught |
come | came | come |
cut | cut | cut |
do | did | done |
draw | drew | drawn |
drink | drank | drunk |
drive | drove | driven |
eat | ate | eaten |
feel | felt | felt |
fight | fought | fought |
find | found | found |
fly | flew | flown |
get | got | got |
give | gave | given |
go | went | gone |
grow | grew | grown |
have | had | had |
hear hit hurt | heard hit hurt | heard hit hurt |
know | knew | known |
leave | left | left |
lose | lost | lost |
make | made | made |
meet | met | met |
put | put | put |
read | read | read |
ride | rode | ridden |
ring | rang | rung |
rise | rose | risen |
run | ran | run |
say | said | said |
see | saw | seen |
sell | sold | sold |
send | sent | sent |
set | set | set |
shut | shut | shut |
sing | sang | sung |
sit | sat | sat |
sleep | slept | slept |
speak | spoke | spoken |
spend | spent | spent |
stand | stood | stood |
swim | swam | swum |
sweep | swept | swept |
take | took | taken |
teach | taught | taught |
tell | told | told |
think | thought | thought |
throw | threw | thrown |
understand | understood | understood |
wear | wore | worn |
write | wrote | written等 |