動詞變化
情況 | 方法 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
一般情況 | +ed | work—— worked look——looked |
以不發音e結尾 | +d | live ——lived hope——hoped |
以 +y結尾 | 變y為i+ed | study—— studied carry——carried |
以重讀閉音節結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母 | 雙寫最後的 +ed | stop—— stopped plan——planned |
以ic結尾的動詞 | 變ic為ick+ed | picnic——picnicked traffic——trafficked |
特殊情況 | 不規則 | have---ha d are---were is/am---was do---did |
句法結構
肯定形式
主語+動詞過去式+其他
例句:She often came to help us in those days.
否定形式
主語+didn't +謂語動詞原型+其他
①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞
例句:I didn't know you like coffee.
一般疑問句
①Did+主語+謂語動詞原型+其他? ②Was/Were+主語+表語?
例句:Did I do homework?
用表格整理如下:
肯定式 | 疑問式 | 否定式 | 疑問否定式 |
I worked | Did I work? | I did not work | Did I not work? |
He(She,It) worked | Did he(she,it) work? | He (she,it)did not work | Did he(she,it)not work? |
We worked | Did we work? | We did not work | Did we not work? |
You worked | Did you work? | You did not work | Did you not work? |
They worked | Did they work? | They did not work | Did they not work? |
基本內容
概念
過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterdayafternoon,last night,in 1990 ,two days ago 等。
一般過去時也表示過去經常或反覆發生的動作,常如often,always等表示頻率的時間狀語連用。
過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格
時間狀語
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結構
be動詞;行為動詞 的過去式
否定形式
:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句
was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
例句
She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
一般過去時表示(1)過去某個特定時間發生,並且一下子就完成了的動作(即:非持續性動作),也可以表示(2)過去習慣性的動作。一般過去時不強調動作對現在的影響,只說明過去。
句式:主語+過去動詞+其他
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱麗亞說了幾句話。(1)
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他沒有戒菸的那陣子,
抽菸抽得可凶了。(2)
一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語或從句連用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
句子中謂語動詞是用一般過去時還是用現在完成時,取決於動作是否對現在有影響。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃過午飯了嗎?(意思是說你現在不餓嗎?)
Yes, I have. 是的,我已經吃過了。(意思是說已經吃飽了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什麼時候吃的?(關心的是吃的動作發生在何時。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大約十分鐘以前吃的。
Used to do something 表示過去常做而現在已經停止了的習慣動作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過去常常一天干十四個小時。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六點四十五分吃了。
一般過去時的基本用法
1 帶有確定的過去時間狀語時,要用過去時
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(兩天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前幾天)、once upon a time(過去曾經)、 just now(剛才)、in the old days(過去的日子裡)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(當我八歲時…)、at+一個時間點
Did you have a party the other day?
前幾天,你們開了晚會了嗎?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
雷鋒是個好戰士。
注意
在談到已死去的人的情況時,多用過去時。
2 表示過去連續發生的動作時,要用過去時
這種情況下,往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語,而通過上下文來表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒,看看船長,然後就去世了。
3 表示過去一段時間內經常或反覆的動作
常與always,never等連用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
(只是說明她過去的動作,不表明她現在是否常帶著傘。)
比較
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是帶著傘。
(說明這是她的習慣,表明她現在仍然還習慣總帶著一把傘)
I never drink wine.我以前從不喝酒。
(不涉及到現在,不說明現在是否喝酒)
4 如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用used to do
He used to drink.
他過去喝酒。
(意味著他現在不喝酒了。喝酒這個動作終止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。
(意味著現在不在早晨散步了)
比較:
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾經在早晨散過步。
(只是說明過去這一動作)
5 有些句子,雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語,但實際上是指過去發生的動作或存在的狀態的話,也要用過去時,這一點,我們中國學生往往出錯,要特別注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。
(因為在說話時,我已經知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前,所以只能用過去時表示。實際上,這句話暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。
(這句話應是在說話之前,我以為你病了。但是現在我知道你沒病)
辨別正誤
Li Ming studied English this morning.
(把此句變為一般疑問句)
(×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
(動詞應該用原形)
(×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
(時態應該用原句子的時態)
(×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
(應該用一般動詞,而不是be動詞)
(О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
一過:在過去發生的動作。
主動:
肯定① be 分為was,were ② v+ed
否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v
疑問① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
時狀:
1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)
2. the day before yesterday
3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世紀)
4. ago
5.in 1980 (過去年份)
6.this morning/afternoon/evening
7.when引導的狀語從句 (過去)
8.in the past
9.just now
10.the other day -- a few days ago
11.at the age of 10 (過去年齡段)
12.in the old days
......(未完待續)
動詞過去式規則變化
1 直接加ed
2 以不發音的e結尾的,+d
3 以輔音字母+y結尾的,變y為i加ed
4 以重讀閉音節結尾的,雙寫最後的輔音字母+ed
不規則變化
例如相等 eg:cut cut
read read<註:read和read讀音不同!>
sit sat
——————————————————————————
句型結構
1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑問句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night?
一般過去時口訣
一般過去時並不難,表示過去動作、狀態記心間。
動詞要用過去式,時間狀語句末站。
否定句很簡單,didn't 站在動詞原形前,其它部分不要變。
一般疑問句也好變,did放在句子前,主語、動詞原形、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑問句也簡單,疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。
最後一條請注意,動詞過去式要牢記。
誤區提醒
時間和條件狀語從句中用錯時態;沒時間狀語時習慣用一般現在時;虛擬語氣中不懂用過去。【典型例題】1. He said that they would go to the Great Wall if it ____ fine the next day.A will be B would be C. is D. was解析:錯選B。因從句中if 引導的為一條件狀語從句,因此用一般過去時表示一般將來時。正確答案為D。2. ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.---- It's 69568442.A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't解析:因無表過去的時間狀語而錯選C。本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,“沒有聽懂”這個動作發生在過去,因此套用過去時。正確答案A。3. It’s time that we _____ to make a plan for our holiday.A. begin B. began C. beginning D. are beginning解析:不知道本句型的構成錯選A。表示“某人該做某事了”,要用It’s time that sb.+動詞過去式。因此本題答案為B。
一般用法
一般過去時
用法:通常表示動作發生在過去,或者過去經常發生的事情
結構:主語+動詞的過去式
動詞過去式的變化規則:
1.一般的在動詞詞尾直接加-ed。
2.以不發音的e結尾的直接加-d。
3.以輔音字母+y結尾的把y變成i,加+-es。
4.以一個元音字母加一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節,雙寫末尾的輔音字母加-ed。
句型轉換:
一般疑問句:Did + 主語+動詞原形+。。。?
特殊疑問句:What did+ 主語+do?
時間狀語:
last week/month/year/century
yesterday/the day before yesterday
three days ago/ just now/ a moment ago
in 1989
this morning
long long ago/ once upon a time/long ago/ at the age of
常用的不規則動詞的過去式:
do-did
go- went
buy-bought
bring-brought
come-came
eat-ate
have-had
get-got
meet-met
put-put
read-read
write-wrote
win-won
be-was,were
make-made
drink-drank
throw-threw
注意
一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態。在句子中由主語+動詞的過去式來表達。
1.He walks to school. (一般現在時)
2.He walked to school. (一般過去時)
例如:
例1.中的動詞walks時現在式, 由於主語是第三人稱單數he, 因此原因的walk必須加上 "s",表示目前習慣性、經常性動作。可譯為"他現在經常步行上學"。
例2.中的動詞walked是過去式,過去式是敘述過去事情的動詞形式,所以這句話時表示的是過去的某時,例如昨天、上周或學生時代等過去的某一時間,這句可譯為"他曾經步行上學"。
◆be 動詞的過去式
be 動詞的過去時的句型如下:
肯定句: 主語 +be動詞的過去式(was, were)~
否定句: 主語 + be動詞的過去式(was, were)+ not ~
疑問句: be動詞的過去式(was, were)+ 主語 ~?
○He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。
○He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。
○Was he busy yesterday? (疑問句) 他昨天忙嗎?
1.be動詞過去時的肯定句
Mike was in the United States last year. 麥克去年在美國。
比較be 動詞的現在式和過去式:
There is (are ) 的句型用於一般過去時需把is ,are 變為它們的過去式:There was (were) …
2.be動詞過去式的否定句
He was not in Canada last year. 他去年不在加拿大。
be動詞過去時的否定句的結構和現在時一樣,只要在be動詞過去式(was, were)後面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用縮寫形式wasn't 和 weren't .
○I wasn't busy the other day.前幾天我不忙。
3.be動詞的過去時的疑問句(一般疑問句/特殊疑問句)
Was it raining in Beijing yesterday? 昨天北京下雨了嗎?
No, it wasn't . I t was cloudy. 不,沒下雨。昨天北京陰天。
be 動詞過去時一般疑問句的結構和一般現在時一樣,只要把be 動詞的過去式was, were 調到主語前面即可。 was (were ) + 主語 ~? 回答時,需要用Yes, … was (were) .或 No… wasn't (weren't)
○Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空嗎?
Yes, he was . 是的,他有空。
No, he wasn't . 不,他沒空。
技巧
一變:肯定句變為否定句
【技巧1】當句中含有情態動詞或助動詞could,would,should等時,可直接在其後面加not構成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
【技巧2】當句中含有系動詞was,were 時,可直接在其後加not構成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.
【技巧3】當句中謂語是除情態動詞、助動詞、系動詞was,were以外的動詞時,在該動詞之前加did not / didn't,動詞還原,構成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.
二變:陳述句變為一般疑問句
【技巧1】移動詞語的位置。將was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?
【技巧2】添加助動詞did。謂語是除情態動詞、助動詞、系動詞was,were以外的動詞時,在主語之前加did,動詞還原。例如:
Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?
三變:陳述句變為特殊疑問句
【技巧1】確定疑問詞:人who / whom,物what,地點where,時間when / what time,原因why,頻率how often,長度how long,距離how far等等。例如:
They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?
【技巧2】辨認結構形式:疑問詞+情態動詞/助動詞/ was / were / did +主語+...? 例如:
The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen
一些不規則變化:
do>did see>saw make>made take>took eat>ate
read>read put>put get>got hear>heard feel>felt
is/am---was are---were teach---taught catch---caught
buy---bought go---went come---came become---became等
注意事項
1.注意主句與從句中時態的一致性
如果主句用了過去時,從句中一般也要用過去式,或者過去進行時、過去完成時等。例如:
He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是對的。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。
I thought they were with you. 我以為他們和你在一起。
2.在口語中, 一般過去時並不一定指真正的過去,而只是表示一種禮貌性語氣。例如:
I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否幫我一個忙。
I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想問問可否借用你的車。
I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能幫我出點主意。
Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想見我嗎?
3.used to
used to 是一個詞組,表示“過去曾經是……而現在已經停止了”的動作。例如:
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過去常常一天干十四個小時。(而現在不這樣了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.我過去是在早晨散步。(而現在不在早晨散步了)