簡介
奇子樹科,雙子葉植物綱一科,有一屬奇子樹屬(又名澳樟屬),生長在澳大利亞昆士蘭州熱帶雨林中,一般為10-100株一起聚居在雨林中低洼潮濕區域,是1億2千萬年前出現的原始被子植物。特徵
常綠喬木,一般為20-30米高;單葉對生或3-4個螺鏇排列,12-25厘米長,5-9厘米寬;花的直徑為4-5厘米,花萼紅色,蟲媒,兩性,但有半數的花沒有雌蕊;果實為核果,直徑8厘米,分為3-4瓣,有毒。奇子樹的種子可以生長3-4個子葉,一個種子可以出多個芽,種子對絕大多數動物都有巨毒,但澳大利亞的特有麝香小袋鼠可以食用它。
分類
最早奇子樹是19世紀被伐木工人發現的,1902年德國植物學家路德維格·丹尼爾(Ludwig Diels)將其分類到臘梅科,但原發現地已經被砍伐清理成甘蔗田了,所以被認為已經絕種了,直到1972年,由於當地牲畜被奇子樹種子毒死,才重新被發現,澳大利亞植物學家S·T·布拉克將其單獨分為一個科—奇子樹科,屬於樟目,1981年的克朗奎斯特分類法維持這種分類,1998年根據基因親緣關係分類的APG 分類法不承認這個科,將本屬劃入臘梅科。
所屬目
樟目,學名Laurales,在生物分類學上是雙子葉植物綱中的一個目。共8科。
喬木,灌木,稀寄生藤本。葉互生,稀對生,單葉,無托葉。花兩性或單性,花各部輪生,子房上位至周位,心皮多個分離或1個。種子有胚乳或無胚乳;胚小。
樟目與木蘭目關係密切,但較進化。表現為花萼扁平,子房一心皮一室。共8科,其中以樟科種類最多。中國只有樟科、臘梅科和蓮葉桐科。
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