與漢語的比較
有時英語動詞的及物和不及物的用法,與漢語的用法不一樣,請注意下列兩種情況:
a)有的動詞在英語裡只能用作不及物動詞,而漢語則可用作及物動詞,如arrive到達,agree同意,listen聽。英語裡這些動詞後面常接介詞。
如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.
我們於中午到達火車站。(at不能省去)(比較:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.
每個人都很有興趣地聽講課。(to不可省去)(比較:Weallheardthelecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個計畫嗎?(to不可省去)
b)有的動詞在英語裡能用作及物動詞,而在漢語裡則不能用作及物動詞,如serve為…服務。
Our children are taught to serve the people whole heartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務。
及物動詞後可以加賓語,不及物動詞後不可以加賓語。
動詞的及物不及物是在英語學習中必須解決的首要問題。動詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況:
a.主要用作及物動詞。及物動詞後面必須跟賓語。可以用於:“主+謂+賓”;“主+謂+雙賓”;“主+謂+賓+賓補”結構。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
類似的還有:buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell
b.主要用作不及物的動詞。不及物動詞後面不跟賓語。只能用於:“主+謂”結構。
This is the room which I once lived in./This is the room in which I once lived./This is the room where I once lived.
類似的還有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed,get,feel,keep,look,make,prove,remain,rest,rise,seem,stand,stay,turn,turnout
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義不變。如begin都是作“開始”講。everybody,ourgamebegins.letusbeginourgame.類似的還有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義完全不同。
這類動詞作不及物動詞是一個意義;而作及物動詞時卻是另一個意義。如lift作不及物動詞時是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物動詞時是“升高;舉起”。
He lifted his glass and drank.