介紹
![一致絕對收斂](/img/3/6c2/wZwpmL3AzNzgjM5AzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwczLzczLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/0/038/wZwpmL1UzN3MjN4AjNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwYzL2AzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLxE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/0/3b5/wZwpmL4cDO1YzM1MzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLzczL2QzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/b/cd4/wZwpmLxcTNyUjNwMDO4EDN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLzgzLzIzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/e/01d/wZwpmL4ATO1gDOzgzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL4czL2MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
比如,一個實數項或複數項級數絕對收斂若且唯若。某個函式的廣義積分或瑕積分是絕對收斂的,若且唯若取絕對值或範數後的函式的積分收斂:。一個積分絕對收斂的函式也稱為 絕對可積函式。
在無窮級數的研究中,絕對收斂性是一項足夠強的條件,許多有限項級數具有的性質,在一般的無窮級數不一定滿足,只有在絕對收斂的無窮級數也會具有該性質。例如任意重排一個絕對收斂的級數之通項的次序,不會改變級數的和,又如,兩個絕對收斂的無窮級數通項的乘積以任何方式排列成的級數和都為原來兩個級數和的乘積。收斂但不是絕對收斂的無窮級數或積分被稱為條件收斂的 。
定義
![一致絕對收斂](/img/8/c76/wZwpmLwgzMzQjN5MzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLzczL4czLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLxE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
絕對收斂是建立在實數絕對值、複數的模長以及更一般的,向量的範數概念之上的。絕對值、模長都是範數概念的特例。給定一個向量空間V,範數是將V中元素映射到非負實數上的一個函式,並且滿足以下性質:
![一致絕對收斂](/img/7/167/wZwpmLzgTN5cTM2gTNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL4UzL2MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
將且僅將零向量映射到0:
![一致絕對收斂](/img/d/a60/wZwpmLycTM0gzN5AzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwczL4MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
齊次性:
![一致絕對收斂](/img/9/afb/wZwpmL1IDN4cDOzETOxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLxkzL1UzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
次可加性:
![一致絕對收斂](/img/b/23b/wZwpmL2EDN1UzMzgDOxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL4gzLyIzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLxE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/0/038/wZwpmL1UzN3MjN4AjNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwYzL2AzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLxE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/0/432/wZwpmLyETMzQTOycjNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL3YzL4YzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
裝備了範數的向量空間V被稱為賦范向量空間,可以定義距離:這樣可以定義V上的拓撲結構,從而定義收斂乃至絕對收斂。設有由V中元素組成的級數:,則此級數絕對收斂若且唯若由每一項向量的範數構成的正項級數收斂:
![一致絕對收斂](/img/b/0ea/wZwpmL4ETM1YDO5AzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwczL0AzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/c/1e8/wZwpmL1AjM2YDO4MDM0kTO0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLzAzL2EzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/0/bd3/wZwpmL0MDM3gjN4MDOwMzM1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLzgzL4MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/c/a28/wZwpmLwgTO5kTMwkzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL5czLxEzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![一致絕對收斂](/img/0/432/wZwpmLyETMzQTOycjNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL3YzL4YzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
當級數的每一項是實數或複數時,對應的是實向量空間和復向量空間,這時對應的範數是實數的絕對值和複數的模長,都寫作,所以實數項或複數項的級數絕對收斂,若且唯若由每一項元素的絕對值或模長構成的正項級數收斂:
![一致絕對收斂](/img/a/7dc/wZwpmL1MDMwYTOwQzNxYjN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL0czLwQzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLzE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)