高加索阿布哈茲語屬於阿爾泰語系的突厥語族高加索語支里的西北高加索語的成員，有語言人口十多萬人。當中有十萬人住在喬治亞，而這十萬人當中，又有八萬人住在阿布哈茲自治共和國。
分類的爭議 阿布哈茲語屬於西北高加索語的其中一個成員，顧名思義，源於高加索地區的西北方。西北高加索語跟東北高加索語關係密切，所以有語言學家建議把兩者合併為北高加索語系。現時我們把北高加索語跟 南高加索語一起組成高加索語支，但這兩種語言其實除了在地理位置上相近以外，兩者的關聯並不大。
而阿布哈茲語經常都與阿巴扎語一起並稱為阿布哈茲-阿巴札語，不過兩者的書面語有頗大的分別。即使兩種語言的文化非常近似，但他們的音素差異極大。因此，語言學家傾向把兩種語言劃分為不同的語言。 地理分布 阿布哈茲語的語言人口主要位於喬治亞及土耳其。
發音
Like the other Northwest Caucasian languages, Abkhaz is very rich in consonants, with 58, but has only a few vowels (either two or three, depending upon the analysis). Below is the IPA phoneme chart for the standard dialect (Abzhuy); the Bzyp dialect has nine additional consonants, and the Sadz dialect has a few less.
Labials: p pʼ b v f w m
Dentals: t tʼ d n
Labialized dentals: tʷ tʼʷ dʷ
Alveolar sibilants: ts tsʼ dz s z
Labialized alveolar sibilants: tsʷ tsʼʷ dzʷ
Palatalized alveolar sibilants: tsʲ tsʼʲ dzʲ sʲ zʲ
Postalveolar sibilants: tʃ tʃʼ dʒ ʃ ʒ
Labialized postalveolar sibilants: tʃʷ dʒʷ
Lateral: l
Rhotic trill: r
Palatals: kʲ kʼʲ gʲ j
Velars: k kʼ g
Uvulars: qʼ χ ʁ
Palatized uvulars: qʼʲ χʲ ʁʲ
Labialized uvulars: qʼʷ χʷ ʁʷ
Pharyngeals: ħ ħʷ
Labiopalatal semivowel: ɥ (< ʕʷ, a labialized voiced pharyngeal fricative)
Vowels: ə a (with allophones and [e] next to palatals, [o] and [u] next to labials)
元音
Abkhaz has only two distinctive vowels: an open vowel /a/ and a close vowel /ı, ǝ/. Depending on the environment both of the vowels can be realized as [e,i,o,u].
語言系統
Abkhaz is typologically classified as an agglutinative language. Like all other Northwest Caucasian languages, Abkhaz has an extremely complex verbal system coupled with a very simple noun system; Abkhaz distinguishes just two cases, the nominative and the adverbial.
