概況
阿布哈茲語阿布哈茲語屬於北高加索語系西北高加索語支的成員，有 語言人口十多萬人。當中有十萬人住在 喬治亞，而這十萬人當中，又有八萬人住在 阿布哈茲自治共和國。
分類的爭議
阿布哈茲語屬於西北 高加索語的其中一個成員，顧名思義，源於高加索地區的西北方。西北高加索語跟東北高加索語關係密切，所以有 語言學家建議把兩者合併為北 高加索語系。現時我們把北高加索語跟 南高加索語一起組成高加索語支，但這兩種語言其實除了在地理位置上相近以外，兩者的關聯並不大。而阿布哈茲語經常都與 阿巴扎語一起並稱為阿布哈茲- 阿巴札語，不過兩者的書面語有頗大的分別。即使兩種語言的文化非常近似，但他們的音素差異極大。因此，語言學家傾向把兩種語言劃分為不同的語言。
地理分布
阿布哈茲語的語言人口主要位於 喬治亞及 土耳其。官方語言地位
在 喬治亞的 阿布哈茲自治共和國， 喬治亞語及 阿布哈茲語都是阿布哈茲的 官方語言。方言
阿布哈茲語總體上看有3種主要的方言， Abzhuy, Bzyp (the Caucasian dialects) and Sadz (在土耳其).發音
注意：本條目含有Unicode的國際音標字元。如果你的電腦不支援，有關字元會顯示
錯誤成空格、問號或者方格等。
參看Wikipedia:國際音標字元。
Like the other Northwest Caucasian languages, Abkhaz is very rich in consonants, with 58, but has only a few vowels (either two or three, depending upon the analysis). Below is the IPA phoneme chart for the standard dialect (Abzhuy); the Bzyp dialect has nine additional consonants, and the Sadz dialect has a few less.
Labials: p pʼ b v f w m
Dentals: t tʼ d n
Labialized dentals: tʷ tʼʷ dʷ
Alveolar sibilants: ts tsʼ dz s z
Labialized alveolar sibilants: tsʷ tsʼʷ dzʷ
Palatalized alveolar sibilants: tsʲ tsʼʲ dzʲ sʲ zʲ
Postalveolar sibilants: tʃ tʃʼ dʒ ʃ ʒ
Labialized postalveolar sibilants: tʃʷ dʒʷ
Lateral: l
Rhotic trill: r
Palatals: kʲ kʼʲ gʲ j
Velars: k kʼ g
Uvulars: qʼ χ ʁ
Palatized uvulars: qʼʲ χʲ ʁʲ
Labialized uvulars: qʼʷ χʷ ʁʷ
Pharyngeals: ħ ħʷ
Labiopalatal semivowel: ɥ (< ʕʷ, a labialized voiced pharyngeal fricative)
Vowels: ə a (with allophones and [e] next to palatals, [o] and [u] next to labials)
元音
Abkhaz has only two distinctive vowels: an open vowel /a/ and a close vowel /ı, ǝ/. Depending on the environment both of the vowels can be realized as [e,i,o,u].語言類型
Abkhaz is typologically classified as an agglutinative language. Like all other Northwest Caucasian languages, Abkhaz has an extremely complex verbal system coupled with a very simple noun system; Abkhaz distinguishes just two cases, the nominative and the adverbial.書寫系統
Abkhaz has had its own adaptation of the Cyrillic alphabet, the Abkhaz alphabet, since 1862. The first alphabet was a 37 character Cyrillic alphabet invented by Baron Peter von Uslar. In 1909 a 55 letter Cyrillic alphabet was used. A 75-letter Latin script devised by a Georgian linguist Nikolai (Niko) Marr lasted from 1926 to 1928, when another Latin script was used. The Georgian script was imposed in 1937, but after the death of Stalin, an Abkhaz desire to remain separate from Georgians led to the development of the current Cyrillic alphabet in 1954 by Dimitri Gulya who was, ironically, an ethnic Georgian (Mingrealian).歷史沿革
The earliest extant written records of the Abkhazian language are in the Arabic alphabet, recorded by the Turkish traveller Evliya Celebi in the 17th century. Abkhaz has only been used as a literary language for about 100 years. During the Stalinist Russian years Abkhaz was banned as a literary language..中國對阿布哈茲語的需求現狀
阿布哈茲語作為小語種套用在商務、教育、科技等多種領域。中國在對外貿易中，對阿布哈茲語的需求也在逐漸遞增，對阿布哈茲語的翻譯人員的要求也逐步增大。
