量具量儀
量具
拼音：[liáng jù]
英文：[measuring tool]
量具按其用途可分為三大類：
1、標準量具。指用作測量或檢定標準的量具。如量塊、多面稜體、表面粗糙度比較樣塊等。
2、通用量具（或稱萬能量具）。一般指由量具廠統一製造的通用性量具。如直尺、平板、角度塊、卡尺等。
3、專用量具（或稱非標量具）。指專門為檢測工件某一技術參數而設計製造的量具。如內外溝槽卡尺、鋼絲繩卡尺、步距規等
量具是以固定形式復現量值的測量器具。它的特點如下：
1、本身直接復現了單位量值，即量具的標稱值就是單位量值的實際大小，如量塊本身就復現了長度量的單位。
2、在結構上一般沒有測量機構，沒有指示器或運動著的元部件。如量塊只是復現單位量值的一個實物。
3、由於沒有測量機構，如不依賴其他配用的測量器具，就不能直接測出被測量值。例如量塊要配用干涉儀、光學計。因此它是一種被動式測量器具.
量具量儀中英文對照匯總:
1.刀口型直尺:knife straigjht edge 2.刀口尺: knife straigjht edge
3.三棱尺three edges straigjht edge
4.四棱尺four edges straigjht edge
5.條式和框式水平儀bar form and square levels
6.合像水平儀imaging level meter
7鑄鐵平板cast iron surface plate
8.岩石平板granite surface plate
9.鑄鐵平尺cast iron straigjht edge
10.鋼平尺和岩石平尺steel and granite straigjht edge
11.圓度儀roundness measuring instrument
12.電子水平儀electronic level meter
13.表面粗糙度比較樣塊鑄造表面roughness comparison specimens cast surface
14.表面粗糙度比較樣塊磨、車、銑、插及刨加工表面roughness comparison specimens-ground,turned,bored,milled,shape and planed
15.表面粗糙度比較樣塊電火花加工表面roughness comparison specimens spark-erostion machining surfaces
16.表面粗糙度比較樣塊拋光加工表面roughness comparison specimens pollshed surfaces
17.接觸式儀器的標稱特性
18.輪廓profiles
19.軌跡輪廓traced profile
20.基準輪廓reference profile
21.總輪廓total profile
22.原始輪廓primary profile
23.殘餘輪廓residual profile
24.觸針式儀器stylus instrument
25.感應位移數字存儲觸針式量儀displacement sensitive,digitally storing stylus instrument
26.觸針式儀器的部件stylus instrument components
27.測量環measurement loop
28.導向基準renfence guide
29.驅動器drive unit
30.測頭(感測器) probe(pick-up)
31.拾取單元tracing element
32.針尖stylus tip
33.轉換器transducer
34.放大器amplifier
35.模/數轉換器analog-to-digital converter
36.數據輸入data input
37.數據輸出data output
38.輪廓濾波和評定profile filtering and evaluation
39.輪廓記錄器profile recorder
40.儀器的計量特性metrological characteristics of the instrument
41.靜測力的變化change of static measuring force
42.靜態測力static measuring force
43.動態測量力dynamic measuring force
44.滯後hysteresis
45.測頭的測量範圍transmission function for the sine waves
46.儀器的測量範圍measuring range of the instrument
47.模數轉換器的量化步距quantization step of the ADC
48.儀器分辨力instrument resolution
49.量程分辨力比range-to-resolution ratio
50.測頭線性偏差probe linearity deviation
51.短波傳輸界限short-wave transmission limitation
52.輪廓垂直成分傳輸vertical profile component transmission1
53表面粗糙度比較樣塊拋丸、噴砂加工表面roughness comparison specimens shot blasted and blasted surfaces
54產品結構幾何量計術規範(GPS)geometrical product specifications(GPS)
55表面結構surface texture
56接觸式儀器的標稱特性nominal characteristics of contact instruments
57公法線千分尺micrometer for mearsuring root tangent lenghths of gear teeth
58最大允許誤差maximum permissible error
59圓柱直齒漸開線花鍵量規gauges for straight cylindrical involute splines
60齒厚遊標卡尺Gear tooth vernier calipers
61齒輪漸開線樣板the involute master of gear
62齒輪螺旋線樣板the helix master of gear
63矩形花鍵量規gauges for straight–sided splines
64測量蝸桿master worm
65萬能測齒儀universal gear measuring instrument
66萬能漸開線檢查儀universal involute measuring instrument
67齒輪齒距測量儀gear circular pictchmeasuring instrument
68萬能齒輪測量機Universal gear measuring machine
69齒輪螺旋線測量儀gear helix measuring instrument
70攜帶型齒輪齒距測量儀manual gear circular pitch measuring instrument
71攜帶型齒輪基節測量儀manual gear base pitch measuring instrument
72立式滾刀測量儀vertical hob measuring instrument
73齒輪雙面嚙合綜合測量儀Gear dual-flank measuring instrument
74齒輪單面嚙合整體誤差測量儀Gear single-flank meshing integrated error measuring instrument
75梯形螺紋量規gauges for metric trapezoidal screw threads
76工作螺紋量規work gauges for metric trapezoidal screw threads
77校對螺紋量規check gauges for metric trapezoidal screw threads
78.梯形螺紋量規型式與尺寸Types and dimensions of metric trapezoidal screw threads
79.普通螺紋量規型式與尺寸Types and dimensions of gauges purpose screw threads
80.非螺紋密封的管螺紋量規Gauges for pipe threads prcessure-tight joints are not made on the threads
81.螺紋千分尺Screw thread micrometer
82.最大允許誤差maximum permissible error
83.間隙螺紋量規Clearance screw gauge
84.量針Bar gauge
85.螺紋樣板Screw thread template
86.用螺紋密封的管螺紋量規Gauges for pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads
87.刀具預調測量儀精度Accuracy of the presetting instrument
88.薄膜式氣動量儀Membrane type pneumatic measuring instrument
89.光柵線位移測量系統Grating linear displacement measuring system
90.光柵角位移測量系統Grating angular displacement measuring system
91.磁柵線位移測量系統Magnet-grid linear displacement measuring system
92.量塊附屬檔案Accessories for gauge blocks
93.V形架Vee blocks
94.比較儀座Comparator stand
95.磁性表座Magnetic stand
96.萬能表座Universal stand for dial indicator
量儀
measuring instrument
能夠指示量值的座式和上置式等長度測量工具。與量具相比，量儀具有靈敏度高、精度高、測量力小等優點，其結構較複雜。量儀對環境條件要求較高，一般在計量室使用。
量儀通常由已知長度部分、定位瞄準部分、放大細分部分、顯示記錄部分以及計算部分等組成。量儀種類繁多，按工作原理可分為：①機械式量儀。如槓桿-齒輪式比較儀、扭簧比較儀和測微儀等。②光學量儀。如測微自準直儀、測角比較儀、平直度檢查儀、立式光學計、臥式光學計、超級光學計、立式測長儀、萬能測長儀、工具顯微鏡、投影儀、接觸式干涉儀、雷射干涉儀、雷射干涉比長儀和光學分度頭等。③電動量儀。如電動測微儀、靜態光電顯微鏡、動態光電顯微鏡、光電準直光管、電感式比較儀、電容式比較儀、輪廓儀和圓度儀等。④氣動量儀。如低壓水柱式氣動量儀、差壓水柱式氣動量儀、差壓水銀柱式氣動量儀、高壓薄膜式氣動量儀、波紋管式氣動量儀和流量式氣動量儀（浮標式氣動量儀）等。另外，量儀也可按用途等進行分類。量儀的精度評定方法主要有檢定法、比對法和誤差分離法等。
量具量儀其實是統一的，在製造技術日益先進的當今社會，每一樣新產品的開發同樣會衍生出新計量檢具的產生。計量是製造業不可或缺的品質保障，貫穿了整個生產流程。互換性得到了保證同樣效益也得到了保證！因此，綜合檢具的產生是一種必然，也是一種趨勢。在信息社會高度發展的21世紀，計算機技術的運用更提高了計量的高效與高效。各種測量系統的開發都離不開感測及計算機輔助。量具量儀其實該統稱為量具。
