簡介
假牛繁縷科又名纖花草科或假繁縷科,只有一屬—假牛繁縷屬(纖花草屬、假繁縷屬),已知共3種,分布於非洲加那利群島、地中海地區中國和、日本,中國有2種,分布在四川和西藏一帶。特徵
假牛繁縷科植物皆為一年生草本;單葉,下部對生,上部互生;,花單性,同株,雄花萼2-3裂,雌花萼管狀,2-4裂;果實為球形的小堅果。分類
1981年的克朗奎斯特分類法將本科列入茜草目,1998年根據基因親緣關係分類的APG 分類法和2003年經過修訂的APG II 分類法不承認這個科,將本屬合併到茜草科中,列在龍膽目中。
所屬目
龍膽目是被子植物門,雙子葉植物綱的一個目,依照 APG 植物分類系統(Update of the angiosperm Phylogeny Group)的分類方式,龍膽目有5個科,分別是夾竹桃科、胡蔓藤科、龍膽科、馬錢科、茜草科。
早期的分類系統 Cronquist system,在龍膽目下有6個科,分別是夾竹桃科、龍膽科、馬錢科、蘿藦科、Retziaceae、Saccifoliaceae。胡蔓藤科包含在馬錢科內,茜草科則分類在茜草目下。
代表植物
中文名:假牛繁縷
Name:Theligonum macranthum
屬:假繁縷屬
直立多汁草本,高30-50厘米。莖多少有銹色短柔毛,尤其在近節處。葉在下部的對生,上部的互生,草質,卵形、卵狀披針形或近橢圓形,長2-5厘米,寬1.5-3厘米,兩面疏生短柔毛或變無毛;葉柄長5-18毫米,近無毛;托葉膜質,卵形或卵狀三角形,與葉柄基部合生。花雌雄同株;雄花生於上部,每2朵與葉對生;花萼綠色,萼筒長約2毫米,裂片3,近條形,長6-8毫米,寬約1.5毫米,開放後反卷;雄蕊約20餘枚,下垂,花絲極纖細;雌花極小,腋生;子房被毛,花柱生於一側。 產四川東部與西部。生於海拔2000-2400米之林下或陰濕處。
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菊亞綱
菊亞綱 | 雙子葉植物綱的一亞綱,共11目,49科,約60000種,為被子植物門中最大的一個亞綱。木本或草本。常單葉,花4輪,花冠常結合,雄蕊與花冠裂片同數或更少,常著生在花冠筒上,絕不與花冠片對生,心皮2—5,常2,結合。 |
龍膽目 | 馬錢科;Retziaceae;龍膽科;Saccifoliaceae;夾竹桃科;蘿藦科 |
茄目 | Duckeodendraceae;Nolanaceae;茄科;鏇花科;菟絲子科;莕菜科;花荵科;田基麻科 |
唇形目 | Lennoaceae;紫草科;馬鞭草科;唇形科 |
水馬齒目 | 杉葉藻科;水馬齒科;Hydrostachyaceae |
車前目 | 車前科 |
玄參目 | 醉魚草科;木犀科;玄參科;Globulariaceae;苦檻藍科;列當科;苦苣苔科;爵床科;胡麻科;紫葳科;Mcndonciaceae;狸藻科 |
桔梗目 | 五膜草科;尖瓣花科;桔梗科;花柱草科;Donatiaceae;Brunoniaceae;草海桐科 |
茜草目 | 茜草科;假牛繁縷科 |
川續斷目 | 忍冬科;五福花科;敗醬科;川續斷科 |
Calycerales | Calyceraceae |
菊目 | 菊科 |