簡介
20世紀60年代以來，時間生物學和時間醫學在西方興起之後，中醫學界對這一領域關注較多，並將中醫文獻記載與之相聯繫。目前已有一部分中醫文獻記載方面的研究，但以現代時間生物學和時間醫學為背景和線索，對中國傳統醫學在理念和實踐兩方面對時間因素的關注的系統清理王作尚未見到.本文結合現代時間醫學的知識框架，通過對古代醫籍中記載的發掘、梳理和解讀，進行了以下工作：1)理清中國傳統醫學中的時間身體觀；2)在疾病病理方面，梳理了古代醫家對疾病的時間規律及解釋、病因的時間解釋、死期的預言等方面的認識；3)系統整理古代醫家與時間緊密相關的診斷方法；4)考察古代醫家所使用的藥物和針灸兩種治療技術對時間的依賴：5)考察古人以時令為中心的生活方式、養生觀念和方法.
本文的主要研究結果包括：1)傳統醫學“時間的身體”與現代時間醫學的核心與解釋均不同，中國傳統醫學對身體的認識中始終關注時間因素，人體的內外結構功能均與自然界時間周期相應，“時間的身體”是醫家對疾病的解釋、診斷和治療的基礎。2)現代時間病理學更為重視各種具體疾病的時間節律性，而中國傳統醫學則關注臟器和經脈隨時間而產生的變化。3)傳統醫學對疾病的季節性和隨時變化現象的解釋逐漸複雜，引入社會關係和易學概念。4)在傳統醫學中，脈的徵象是季節感受的另一種表達，將人身作為小天地的類比聯想使脈象與季節感受之間更容易建立聯繫，強化了診斷與時間的關聯。5)傳統醫學的時間療法分為兩個不同的類別，一是傳統的四時陰陽五行類，主要遵循氣的運行和五行生剋原理，二是推算類，具有明顯易學色彩。其算法主要依賴日時乾支。
關鍵字：中國傳統醫學 時間 身體
外文摘要
The scholars have focused on the area of "chronobiology in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)" and associated classical literature with it since 1960s, when chronobiology became hot area in the west. Now there are many studies of classical literature of "chronobiology of TCM", but the studies which clarify the concern of time in TCM both in concept and practice have not be seen.This dissertation includes major works as follows: (1) Clarifing the concept of time-body in traditional China; (2) Studing the Chinese physicians''description and interpretation of the rhythm and causes of diease, and prediction of death; (3) Interpreting the traditional diagnose method relating to time; (4) Analyzing the traditional treatment techniques depending on time, which include herbal medicine and acupuncture and moxibustion; (5) Researching on the Chineses'' knowledge on health-care which focused on time.
The findings include: (1) The connotation and interpretation of "time-body" in TCM and modern medicine are different. The knowledge of body in TCM concentrated on time, the structure and function of body respond to the environment. "Time-body" is the foundation of interpretation, diagnosis and treatment of disease by physicians. (2) The rhythm of specific diseases are more concerned by Chronopathology, however, TCM focus on the changes of organs and meridians over time. (3) The interpretation of the seasonality and change over time of disease became more complex, introduced the concept of social relations and Zhouyi Study. (4) The signs of the pulse is another expression of the season feel. The analog association of human body and cosmos made it easier to establish contacts between pulse sign and season feel, and strengthened the association of diagnosis and time. (5) The time-treatment could be divided into two parts. One is the traditional type of four season, yin-yang and five phases, follows the circling of qi and five phases, the other is the type of cauculation, which influenced by Zhouyi Study obviously. The method of cauculation relies on ten celestial stems and twelve branches.
Keywords Traditional Chinese Medicine, time, body
