Introduction
Giant Panda pinyin: d à personales má xi ng o, French names: panda of g, its Latin name: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is referred to as one of its black exterior Giant Panda pinyin: d à personales má xi ng o, French names: panda of g, its Latin name: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is referred to as one of its black exterior . is a unique black - and - white fur the lively animals is a unique black - and - white fur the lively animals .
of the giant panda species is a debate that has raged for more than a century, recent DNA analysis showed that the now internationally accepted put it in the family Ursidae, subfamily classification method of the giant panda, allocate more resources for domestic approval of the giant panda species is a debate that has raged for more than a century, recent DNA analysis showed that the now internationally accepted put it in the family Ursidae, subfamily classification method of the giant panda, allocate more resources for domestic approval . domestic traditional classification for the giant panda as a separate family Ailuropodidae,It represents an early branch of the family Ursidae ( domestic traditional classification for the giant panda as a separate family Ailuropodidae,It represents an early branch of the family Ursidae (.
Panda panda (Ailurus fulgens) (this name is actually the lesser panda, also called the Firefox, red panda, red panda) as a function of, the giant panda is the scientific name is taken from the name of the red panda Ailurus fulgens in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Panda panda (Ailurus fulgens) (this name is actually the lesser panda, also called the Firefox, red panda, red panda) as a function of, the giant panda is the scientific name is taken from the name of the red panda Ailurus fulgens in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) . title is original with respect to the red panda, named after the giant panda (Ailurus fulgens) but is far more than that of the famous single "panda", gradually became exclusively associated with the Giant Panda title is original with respect to the red panda, named after the giant panda (Ailurus fulgens) but is far more than that of the famous single "panda", gradually became exclusively associated with the Giant Panda .
in 1915 to organize it,1935 publication of the "Zhonghua Da Zidian" "The Bear" (3): "Panda, in the name of the beast, like a cat while ascending a wooden in 1915 to organize it,1935 publication of the "Zhonghua Da Zidian" "The Bear" (3): "Panda, in the name of the beast, like a cat while ascending a wooden ." from the annexed FIG. Panda, Ailurus fulgens (
refers to see 1978 reprint page refers to see 1978 reprint page . 935) but published in 1938 in "Chinese word" panda "states that:" in the name of the monster, Xinjiang;.. B.P. 60 years ago, Billy is a French scientist David Gunn discovered "(the 1980 Reprint, pages 1849)
" panda "," panda "as early as 1915 - 1938 occurred between " panda "," panda "as early as 1915 - 1938 occurred between . perhaps" Bear" is a contraction accent, "cat" is the opening accent; "Panda" than. ""Pandas", most of the men were accustomed to use the term panda Panda
in Chinese mainland, Macao, Malaysia and Singapore, are the most commonly used for the name, the only Taiwan panda called in Chinese mainland, Macao, Malaysia and Singapore, are the most commonly used for the name, the only Taiwan panda called . Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Vietnam, although the colloquial name of" Chinese character expression with panda Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Vietnam, although the colloquial name of" Chinese character expression with panda .
young giant pandas should be referred to as" the cypress trees fitted "panda" or "giant panda cub", instead of the red panda, Ailurus fulgens is a species of other animals because young giant pandas should be referred to as" the cypress trees fitted "panda" or "giant panda cub", instead of the red panda, Ailurus fulgens is a species of other animals because . Taiwan because of the giant panda is called "Pandas", also called Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens) as" red pandas" Taiwan because of the giant panda is called "Pandas", also called Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens) as" red pandas" .
1 described in the books of many animal or beast may refer to the panda, for instance:Iron - eating beast, Brave, the bamboo bear, Ursus maritimus, Hua Xiong, tapir, Hua Xiong, a tulip Xiong, silver dogs, raccoons, Qu Mindanao, Du Cave Ga, Y, Mo, ferocious leopard, fierce and Odeon's 1 described in the books of many animal or beast may refer to the panda, for instance:Iron - eating beast, Brave, the bamboo bear, Ursus maritimus, Hua Xiong, tapir, Hua Xiong, a tulip Xiong, silver dogs, raccoons, Qu Mindanao, Du Cave Ga, Y, Mo, ferocious leopard, fierce and Odeon's . in Chinese, the panda and all pandas are modern, the ancient language of in Chinese, the panda and all pandas are modern, the ancient language of .
1869, French missionary Armand David (David Armand) in Sichuan Baoxing Deng Chigou awareness of panda after panda - named "Black Bear", belongs in the bear family 1869, French missionary Armand David (David Armand) in Sichuan Baoxing Deng Chigou awareness of panda after panda - named "Black Bear", belongs in the bear family .
Discovery Procedure
the fossil, the giant panda ancestors appear in 2 to 3 million years ago of the pluvial period early the fossil, the giant panda ancestors appear in 2 to 3 million years ago of the pluvial period early . for hundreds of thousands of years - ago heyday of the giant panda, Stegodon paleontology it belongs to the group, the giant panda habitats once covered most of southern and eastern Chinese regions, the north of Beijing, south to southern Myanmar and northern Vietnam (Schaller, 1993) for hundreds of thousands of years - ago heyday of the giant panda, Stegodon paleontology it belongs to the group, the giant panda habitats once covered most of southern and eastern Chinese regions, the north of Beijing, south to southern Myanmar and northern Vietnam (Schaller, 1993) .
fossils generally at an elevation of 500 ~ 700 meters of temperate or subtropical forest found fossils generally at an elevation of 500 ~ 700 meters of temperate or subtropical forest found . later in the same period of the successive extinction of the animal, but relict panda now, and keep the original of the archaic features too, so, there are a lot of scientific value, thus known as" living fossils", describing it as a "national treasure" later in the same period of the successive extinction of the animal, but relict panda now, and keep the original of the archaic features too, so, there are a lot of scientific value, thus known as" living fossils", describing it as a "national treasure".
ancestors of the giant panda was spurred by a panda (traits), this is a liquor made by bears evolved from carnivorous to predominantly the earliest beginning of panda Panda ancestors of the giant panda was spurred by a panda (traits), this is a liquor made by bears evolved from carnivorous to predominantly the earliest beginning of panda Panda . bough is in China's central and southern part of the continued evolution, one of about 300 million years in the early Pleistocene, the panda is now bigger than the small, from the estimate it has evolved and eating bamboo, the main branch extending to the subtropical, is widely distributed in North China, Northwest, East China, Southwest, South China and northern Vietnam and Myanmar have found a fossil bough is in China's central and southern part of the continued evolution, one of about 300 million years in the early Pleistocene, the panda is now bigger than the small, from the estimate it has evolved and eating bamboo, the main branch extending to the subtropical, is widely distributed in North China, Northwest, East China, Southwest, South China and northern Vietnam and Myanmar have found a fossil .
in this process,Panda adapts to life in semi - tropical bamboo, which is the size gradually increases), as well as on eat bamboo in this process,Panda adapts to life in semi - tropical bamboo, which is the size gradually increases), as well as on eat bamboo . 50 - 70 million years ago in the Pleistocene, and the late period of the heyday of the giant panda in 1869, French missionary 50 - 70 million years ago in the Pleistocene, and the late period of the heyday of the giant panda in 1869, French missionary .
David found the panda in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province, and his discovery resound through that world, so that the first human met. Such "living fossil" of ancient species arman David (1826 - 1900) was a French mortification of the flesh will of the Father, is also a biologist arman David (1826 - 1900) was a French mortification of the flesh will of the Father, is also a biologist .
He was born in a town in the French Pyrenees, before his naturally, like animals, often capture various insects,stuffed He was born in a town in the French Pyrenees, before his naturally, like animals, often capture various insects,stuffed . He later went on the expedition, and in natural history have high attainments in 1850 when He later went on the expedition, and in natural history have high attainments in 1850 when .
David on the priest's, after two years he proposed going to China to the sermons, but up to 10 years in a row before being allowed to David on the priest's, after two years he proposed going to China to the sermons, but up to 10 years in a row before being allowed to . however, he also accepted the trip to Paris, the Museum of Natural History and gave him a special Chinese collection of rare animals and plant specimens however, he also accepted the trip to Paris, the Museum of Natural History and gave him a special Chinese collection of rare animals and plant specimens .
1862 - 1874, David lived in China for a total of 12 years, during which only the short - term return France 1862 - 1874, David lived in China for a total of 12 years, during which only the short - term return France . once he will be a large number of plant specimens and returned to France,and introducing many new species to France and Europe, also found in China, along with 58 bird species, more than 100 insect species and many important mammal species, including endemic mammal of the giant panda, golden monkey and elk once he will be a large number of plant specimens and returned to France,and introducing many new species to France and Europe, also found in China, along with 58 bird species, more than 100 insect species and many important mammal species, including endemic mammal of the giant panda, golden monkey and elk .
1867 David second after coming to China, western Sichuan heard around many animal species, but there are some people - yet - unknown species from Shanghai reached Baoxing, Mu Ping Deng served as the East River in the middle of the fourth generation 1867 David second after coming to China, western Sichuan heard around many animal species, but there are some people - yet - unknown species from Shanghai reached Baoxing, Mu Ping Deng served as the East River in the middle of the fourth generation . 1869 church priest 11 March, David at the family's in, I saw a is referred to as the "White Bear" of exotic animal skins,To his great surprise, 1869 church priest 11 March, David at the family's in, I saw a is referred to as the "White Bear" of exotic animal skins,To his great surprise, .
he never thought the world had such a wonderful animal, think it must be a new species of important value to he never thought the world had such a wonderful animal, think it must be a new species of important value to . thereafter, David became eager to get to a live "Ursus maritimus", but until 1847 when returning home, has also not been provided, and only took a few giant pandas Giant panda hide and thereafter, David became eager to get to a live "Ursus maritimus", but until 1847 when returning home, has also not been provided, and only took a few giant pandas Giant panda hide and .
David specimens sent to Paris, where most people believe such a fantastic animal, some people even bet against the fur was fake, in the world who don't have this animal David specimens sent to Paris, where most people believe such a fantastic animal, some people even bet against the fur was fake, in the world who don't have this animal .. After the Paris Museum of Natural History Director Edward Miller's research, think it is neither bears, and there's not a cat.but with 42 years ago in Tibet China pandas were found in all but one species, it officially adopted the name "panda", the Latin phrase is" black - and - white, and red panda of the underside of the foot of the animal similar to "
Edward but not in the" named person "category of their surname, but David had written him to commemorate his discovery of the giant panda to his contribution to Edward but not in the" named person "category of their surname, but David had written him to commemorate his discovery of the giant panda to his contribution to . while the first live panda out of the Chinese people, is an American named Ruth harkness couturier while the first live panda out of the Chinese people, is an American named Ruth harkness couturier .
her husband William harkness, was also a zoologist and explorer, newlyweds in China looking for the giant panda,- but suddenly died of illness in Shanghai her husband William harkness, was also a zoologist and explorer, newlyweds in China looking for the giant panda,- but suddenly died of illness in Shanghai . Ruth decides to complete her husband's wishes, he also came to China, and in Sichuan province to a giant panda cub, under the heading of "Su Lin," Ruth decides to complete her husband's wishes, he also came to China, and in Sichuan province to a giant panda cub, under the heading of "Su Lin," .
her with the help of their friends, with a wicker basket, to "carry a lapdog" in the name of his way onto the ship to the United States or of the her with the help of their friends, with a wicker basket, to "carry a lapdog" in the name of his way onto the ship to the United States or of the . in 1937, "Su Lin," in Chicago's Brookfield Zoo, immediately became a super star, also obtained the local news media to give wide publicity to the in 1937, "Su Lin," in Chicago's Brookfield Zoo, immediately became a super star, also obtained the local news media to give wide publicity to the .
People came from far and unsightly, most of the day reached more than 40,000 people,The number of visitors to and also that year's record in the garden of the highest in the history of the People came from far and unsightly, most of the day reached more than 40,000 people,The number of visitors to and also that year's record in the garden of the highest in the history of the .
Topographical Features
Giant pandas body fat soft, plump bear - like, but the first round neck is stubby, short tail small ears, limbs, brawny, head and body are distinct and black coat color Giant pandas body fat soft, plump bear - like, but the first round neck is stubby, short tail small ears, limbs, brawny, head and body are distinct and black coat color . shoulder high around 60 - 70 cm, weight up to 100 - 180 kg, in addition to the five - clawed toes, and a sixth toe shoulder high around 60 - 70 cm, weight up to 100 - 180 kg, in addition to the five - clawed toes, and a sixth toe .
torso and white tail, ears, eyes week, the Department of scapula and limbs are black, brown or light gray belly black torso and white tail, ears, eyes week, the Department of scapula and limbs are black, brown or light gray belly black . especially one with a pair of eight - shaped black eye, as if wearing sunglasses, the window may be darling especially one with a pair of eight - shaped black eye, as if wearing sunglasses, the window may be darling .
Distribution Range
Giant pandas living in southwest China's eastern edge of Qinghai - Tibet Plateau in the temperate forest, the bamboo is here primarily of the undergrowth in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Giant pandas living in southwest China's eastern edge of Qinghai - Tibet Plateau in the temperate forest, the bamboo is here primarily of the undergrowth in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, . Chinese of the Tibetan plateau where the transition of the series of high mountains and deep valleys, including the Qinling, Minshan, Qionglai, Xiaoxiangling and Liangshan mountain ranges on the large, etc Chinese of the Tibetan plateau where the transition of the series of high mountains and deep valleys, including the Qinling, Minshan, Qionglai, Xiaoxiangling and Liangshan mountain ranges on the large, etc .
the Qinling Mountains and distributed in the east, south of Foping County is mainly distributed, only a little of the county of Taebaek, Ningshan, Zhouzhi, Liuba, Ningqiang, etc the Qinling Mountains and distributed in the east, south of Foping County is mainly distributed, only a little of the county of Taebaek, Ningshan, Zhouzhi, Liuba, Ningqiang, etc . the Minshan except for general distribution, Wenxian, Gansu, Sichuan the Minshan except for general distribution, Wenxian, Gansu, Sichuan .
in Sichuan mainly distributed in the districts of Pingwu, Beichuan and Qingchuan counties, the general distribution of Jiuzhaigou, Songpan, Maoxian county,a small amount of distribution of the county of Anxian, Mianzhu and Pengzhou, Shifang City and Dujiangyan City in Sichuan mainly distributed in the districts of Pingwu, Beichuan and Qingchuan counties, the general distribution of Jiuzhaigou, Songpan, Maoxian county,a small amount of distribution of the county of Anxian, Mianzhu and Pengzhou, Shifang City and Dujiangyan City . QionglaiMountains mainly distributed in the county of Baoxing, Wenchuan and Tianquan.. Generally, the distribution of the county of Lushan and Dayi, only a small amount of distribution of the county of Qionglai, Chongzhou, Kangding, Lu is large such as
Xiaoxiangling except in Hongya County and Mianning County is general distribution, only a little of the county of Yingjing, Hanyuan, Kowloon, etc Xiaoxiangling except in Hongya County and Mianning County is general distribution, only a little of the county of Yingjing, Hanyuan, Kowloon, etc . the Taliang and Hsiaoliang Mountains except for living in mabian, Meigu and mo re the west there is a certain amount, only a little of Ganluo County, Leibo Ebian and the Taliang and Hsiaoliang Mountains except for living in mabian, Meigu and mo re the west there is a certain amount, only a little of Ganluo County, Leibo Ebian and .
and the like in the 1970s and 1980s there were two surveys, estimates there are about 1,000 giant pandas in the wild,This figure may be low on and the like in the 1970s and 1980s there were two surveys, estimates there are about 1,000 giant pandas in the wild,This figure may be low on . area on giant pandas that there were a total of 37 counties, according to the production, generally a small amount and divided into three groups, each of the counties counties have only about 100 left, a total of seven counties; and usually they are counties and each county would put about 50 or more, a total of 11 counties; the county for each county would often only 50 in the following, area on giant pandas that there were a total of 37 counties, according to the production, generally a small amount and divided into three groups, each of the counties counties have only about 100 left, a total of seven counties; and usually they are counties and each county would put about 50 or more, a total of 11 counties; the county for each county would often only 50 in the following, .
the SFA's 19 counties, according to a 2006 survey, the country has only 1,596 wild pandas in captivity, the giant panda is the only number 161 the SFA's 19 counties, according to a 2006 survey, the country has only 1,596 wild pandas in captivity, the giant panda is the only number 161 . family Ursidae in the rarest,also is to suffer the greatest threats to the survival of mammals of family Ursidae in the rarest,also is to suffer the greatest threats to the survival of mammals of .
1980s investigation and statistics of the habitat of the area of about 13000 km2 1980s investigation and statistics of the habitat of the area of about 13000 km2 . according to the SFA's 2005 report, has now been confirmed for the giant panda in Qinling giant panda population identified as a new subspecies according to the SFA's 2005 report, has now been confirmed for the giant panda in Qinling giant panda population identified as a new subspecies .
Giant Panda in Qinling and Sichuan pandas have been geographically separated five years ago, the appearance of the giant panda with a rounder head Giant Panda in Qinling and Sichuan pandas have been geographically separated five years ago, the appearance of the giant panda with a rounder head . Qinling pandas have only Qinling pandas have only .
273 273.
Living Habits
Growing Environment
giant panda habitat of the Yangtze, upstream of each of the Cordillera mountains and deep valleys, the southeast monsoon windward of the cool climate humid, with humidity of 80% or more often, they are like a wet animal giant panda habitat of the Yangtze, upstream of each of the Cordillera mountains and deep valleys, the southeast monsoon windward of the cool climate humid, with humidity of 80% or more often, they are like a wet animal . their activities in that area in the col, mountainsides, depression, valley and terrace, usually in the following of the terrain their activities in that area in the col, mountainsides, depression, valley and terrace, usually in the following of the terrain .
these places soil hypertrophy, lush forests, bamboo's growth is good, and is configured such that a temperature is relatively stable, the concealed conditions are good, food and water resources are very abundant and excellent food base for these places soil hypertrophy, lush forests, bamboo's growth is good, and is configured such that a temperature is relatively stable, the concealed conditions are good, food and water resources are very abundant and excellent food base for . living at an elevation of 2400 to 3500 metre mountain bamboos whose lives living at an elevation of 2400 to 3500 metre mountain bamboos whose lives .
ambient humidity is large,in addition to the temperature difference is relatively large with ambient humidity is large,in addition to the temperature difference is relatively large with . estrus, pandas often living a single life habitat, and round - trip estrus, pandas often living a single life habitat, and round - trip .
francoisi leucocephalus) in luobai, china has an area of 3. 6 ~ 9. km2 is indefinite, there is an overlap between the individual maternity dens, males are slightly larger than the females (trachypithecus francoisi leucocephalus) in luobai, females most of the time only activity was 30 ~ 40 hectares of nuclear domain, the female is between the core domain do not overlap the females most of the time only activity was 30 ~ 40 hectares of nuclear domain, the female is between the core domain do not overlap the .
food and subalpine about 50 species of bamboos, occasionally eating other plants and even animal carcasses on food and subalpine about 50 species of bamboos, occasionally eating other plants and even animal carcasses on . has an enormous appetite, yet every day the fountain or drinking water stream has an enormous appetite, yet every day the fountain or drinking water stream .
the wild giant panda, life expectancy was about 15 years, sexual maturity is 6. 5 ~ 7. 5 years old,In more general estrus in April of that year in the light of the ancient tree hole nest at farrowing, per litter prolific 1 Aberdeen, Aberdeen also occasionally produced 2 estrus in April of that year in the light of the ancient tree hole nest at farrowing, per litter prolific 1 Aberdeen, Aberdeen also occasionally produced 2 .
newborn giant panda cub, only 25 grams, about a month of the baby pandas out of long black hair, weighs about 1 kg, but is still unable to walk, the eyes are not photosensitive newborn giant panda cub, only 25 grams, about a month of the baby pandas out of long black hair, weighs about 1 kg, but is still unable to walk, the eyes are not photosensitive . three months of the cubs start learning to walk - up, vision acuity normal three months of the cubs start learning to walk - up, vision acuity normal .
after the six - month - old cub weighed up to 28 lb (13 kg), it can be with his mother, learning to eat bamboo, but also eating at dairy nutritional supplements, and begin the process of learning to safeguard the leader ( after the six - month - old cub weighed up to 28 lb (13 kg), it can be with his mother, learning to eat bamboo, but also eating at dairy nutritional supplements, and begin the process of learning to safeguard the leader (. is one year old cub has grown to 40 kilograms, a year and a half when the weight is higher than 50 kilograms,At the giant panda cub began living alone is one year old cub has grown to 40 kilograms, a year and a half when the weight is higher than 50 kilograms,At the giant panda cub began living alone .
WILD GIANT PANDAS (female to male is about 1: 1 WILD GIANT PANDAS (female to male is about 1: 1 .
Eating Habits
Giant Panda of very special cookbooks, including almost alpine areas can find a variety of bamboo, pandas also occasionally carnivorous (animal typically remains of a giant panda Giant Panda of very special cookbooks, including almost alpine areas can find a variety of bamboo, pandas also occasionally carnivorous (animal typically remains of a giant panda . unique food characteristics so that it is being hailed as a "bamboo Xiong" unique food characteristics so that it is being hailed as a "bamboo Xiong" .
bamboo and devoid of nutrients can only provide subsistence needs of basic nutrients, pandas gradually evolved to adapt this recipe of bamboo and devoid of nutrients can only provide subsistence needs of basic nutrients, pandas gradually evolved to adapt this recipe of . properties in the wild, with the exception of sleep or a short - distance activities, daily feeding of pandas for up to 14 hours a day eating panda properties in the wild, with the exception of sleep or a short - distance activities, daily feeding of pandas for up to 14 hours a day eating panda .
12 ~ 38 kg of food, close to its body weight of 40% 12 ~ 38 kg of food, close to its body weight of 40% . panda likes eating bamboo has nutrition most, contain a minimum of the cellulose portion,i.e. the tender stems, buds, shoots and
Panda Panda . usually have at least two kinds of bamboo when the bamboo flowering at the time of his death (a bamboo every 30 ~ 120 periodically flowering annual death), a giant panda eating bamboos can turn other usually have at least two kinds of bamboo when the bamboo flowering at the time of his death (a bamboo every 30 ~ 120 periodically flowering annual death), a giant panda eating bamboos can turn other .
however, habitat fragmentation of habitat within the drawn - out state, reflecting an increase of only one kind of bamboos may, when this death of bamboo, the pandas in the area of the face the threat of starvation however, habitat fragmentation of habitat within the drawn - out state, reflecting an increase of only one kind of bamboos may, when this death of bamboo, the pandas in the area of the face the threat of starvation . panda is a veritable ancestor of predators: sharp developed canine teeth, shorter intestinal and digestive physiology of the carnivores to eat,In the course of evolution of giant panda still retains the characteristics of these ancestors of panda is a veritable ancestor of predators: sharp developed canine teeth, shorter intestinal and digestive physiology of the carnivores to eat,In the course of evolution of giant panda still retains the characteristics of these ancestors of .
just because the living environment has been greatly changed, for the sake of their survival, and feeding habits must adapt just because the living environment has been greatly changed, for the sake of their survival, and feeding habits must adapt . gradually, they retreated to the mountains and bamboo forests, low nutrition and low digestibility of bamboo, the aloof hermit life gradually, they retreated to the mountains and bamboo forests, low nutrition and low digestibility of bamboo, the aloof hermit life .
And then becomes a giant panda eating grass" carnivores" And then becomes a giant panda eating grass" carnivores" .
Gene Research
On October 11, 2008, Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute announced the world debut of giant panda genome sequence map has been plotted On October 11, 2008, Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute announced the world debut of giant panda genome sequence map has been plotted . study found that the giant panda has 21 pairs of chromosomes, genome size is similar to human beings, approximately three billion base pairs, containing 2 - 3 million genes study found that the giant panda has 21 pairs of chromosomes, genome size is similar to human beings, approximately three billion base pairs, containing 2 - 3 million genes .
genome sequencing results support the Giant Panda is a subfamily of Ursidae genome sequencing results support the Giant Panda is a subfamily of Ursidae . views which have been carried out by whole genome sequencing of the species, the researchers also found that the giant panda genome and the genome of the dog is structurally the most similar to American people also have a great similarity,In mammals in very different from mice views which have been carried out by whole genome sequencing of the species, the researchers also found that the giant panda genome and the genome of the dog is structurally the most similar to American people also have a great similarity,In mammals in very different from mice .
panda genome sequence map of completed drawing, from the aspects of why help crack the panda breeding capacity is lowered, so that the scientists have the opportunity to help breed more pandas panda genome sequence map of completed drawing, from the aspects of why help crack the panda breeding capacity is lowered, so that the scientists have the opportunity to help breed more pandas .
Species Protection
Endangerment
CITES: Appendix: Endangered enlisted grades: the first China Red Data Book of Endangered: Threatened By now, more than 200 countries and regions almost to a vanishing breed of giant pandas, only in China's Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu in the upper parts of the mountains and find them CITES: Appendix: Endangered enlisted grades: the first China Red Data Book of Endangered: Threatened By now, more than 200 countries and regions almost to a vanishing breed of giant pandas, only in China's Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu in the upper parts of the mountains and find them . of the worlds current total giant pandas only 1000 just below, the ever - shrinking of the worlds current total giant pandas only 1000 just below, the ever - shrinking .
Endangerment Factor
1, forest harvesting 1, forest harvesting . panda habitat each year of the felling area reached at least 1 panda habitat each year of the felling area reached at least 1 .
hectares of habitat each year to about 2. 5 km2 of disappearing (et al., 1991) 2, to capture too much 2, to capture too much .
in the 1950s through the mid 1990s, wild - caught panda has exceeded 240 only to domestic and international exhibitions, which concentrated in Baoxing 110 does, and Pingwu 60, causing the two county population structure was destroyed and a substantial decline in the number of in the 1950s through the mid 1990s, wild - caught panda has exceeded 240 only to domestic and international exhibitions, which concentrated in Baoxing 110 does, and Pingwu 60, causing the two county population structure was destroyed and a substantial decline in the number of . pandas according to the analyses of life, they are a generation takes about 12 years, the population increases very slowly, if a plurality of capture,Even in well - protected, it will take decades to recover; 3, poaching, smuggling of giant panda fur specimen Shang tome; 4, the giant panda population in distribution in 25 above the island - shaped isolation habitat isolation of habitats in these pandas according to the analyses of life, they are a generation takes about 12 years, the population increases very slowly, if a plurality of capture,Even in well - protected, it will take decades to recover; 3, poaching, smuggling of giant panda fur specimen Shang tome; 4, the giant panda population in distribution in 25 above the island - shaped isolation habitat isolation of habitats in these .
area has a size of 205 sq km (30 ~ 2384km range), the majority (67%) of area less than 350 km\ area has a size of 205 sq km (30 ~ 2384km range), the majority (67%) of area less than 350 km\ . such a population of isolated and separated by long - term threat to the population of the important factors, small populations and inbreeding depression phenomenon will reduce the fecundity, larval survival and resistance to illness such a population of isolated and separated by long - term threat to the population of the important factors, small populations and inbreeding depression phenomenon will reduce the fecundity, larval survival and resistance to illness .
5, due to human activities expanded,Giant pandas are forced to retreat to a hilltop, being as innocent as a new species of bamboo, including bamboo blooming, will, and only in 1975 in Minshan Region to flowering, death up to only 138 over the 1980s in Qionglai large flowering of bamboos, giant panda found dead after the disaster with 108, died only 33, a total of 141 only; 6, in the presence of giant panda habitat without government permission, mineral development, pollution and the miners of tree - felling and hunting are also threats to 5, due to human activities expanded,Giant pandas are forced to retreat to a hilltop, being as innocent as a new species of bamboo, including bamboo blooming, will, and only in 1975 in Minshan Region to flowering, death up to only 138 over the 1980s in Qionglai large flowering of bamboos, giant panda found dead after the disaster with 108, died only 33, a total of 141 only; 6, in the presence of giant panda habitat without government permission, mineral development, pollution and the miners of tree - felling and hunting are also threats to . 7, only a few offspring born to the giant panda's life, generally only reproduce once every two years, the only - child born to two female pandas (Ailurus fulgens) and didn't have the energy that would give them 7, only a few offspring born to the giant panda's life, generally only reproduce once every two years, the only - child born to two female pandas (Ailurus fulgens) and didn't have the energy that would give them .
all all.
Natural Enemy
Though the panda is unassuming, but in its habitat in the field, there's something to which they are enemies of the animal, such as the golden cat, leopard, jackal, wolf, marten, and the like, they are the main attack of the giant panda cubs and care for the sick and the elderly, because all the young ladies pandas still carnivorous ancestors of fierce, strong and not weak, predating the scariness Though the panda is unassuming, but in its habitat in the field, there's something to which they are enemies of the animal, such as the golden cat, leopard, jackal, wolf, marten, and the like, they are the main attack of the giant panda cubs and care for the sick and the elderly, because all the young ladies pandas still carnivorous ancestors of fierce, strong and not weak, predating the scariness . zoo seemingly docile cuddly pandas become enraged, also wounding event zoo seemingly docile cuddly pandas become enraged, also wounding event .
Protection
Chinese government has waken up to the giant panda's situation is grim, so a series of measures were taken with a panda protection Chinese government has waken up to the giant panda's situation is grim, so a series of measures were taken with a panda protection . 1, through legislation on the protection of pandas, In terms of legislation, much has been done, have enacted to protect giant pandas and other wildlife for a series of legal method, 1, through legislation on the protection of pandas, In terms of legislation, much has been done, have enacted to protect giant pandas and other wildlife for a series of legal method, .
which is subject to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China "in Article 9 stipulates that:" The State protects rare animals and plants", "Protection of Wildlife, the giant panda is listed as a protected species,And the protection of wild life in detail the provisions of the which is subject to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China "in Article 9 stipulates that:" The State protects rare animals and plants", "Protection of Wildlife, the giant panda is listed as a protected species,And the protection of wild life in detail the provisions of the . of the Faculty of Law and the Environment Protection Act also expressly provided in these of the Faculty of Law and the Environment Protection Act also expressly provided in these .
to enact legislation to the protection of giant pandas and other rare animals provide a legal basis on panda protection has played an important role in to enact legislation to the protection of giant pandas and other rare animals provide a legal basis on panda protection has played an important role in . 2, establishing the "Giant Pandas" Nature Reserve", the Chinese government since 1963, in the Qinling, Minshan, Daxiangling, Xiaoxiangling mountain ranges such as 6, had founded the 14 giant pandas" Nature Reserve "with a total area of 6000 square kilometers, the pandas' habitat is dense and effectively protected 2, establishing the "Giant Pandas" Nature Reserve", the Chinese government since 1963, in the Qinling, Minshan, Daxiangling, Xiaoxiangling mountain ranges such as 6, had founded the 14 giant pandas" Nature Reserve "with a total area of 6000 square kilometers, the pandas' habitat is dense and effectively protected .
New Genus
November 16, 2012, according to foreign media reports, paleontologists found in Spain, by far the oldest ancestor of the giant panda fossils, including fossilized jawbone and tooth, 1160 million years ago November 16, 2012, according to foreign media reports, paleontologists found in Spain, by far the oldest ancestor of the giant panda fossils, including fossilized jawbone and tooth, 1160 million years ago . Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca ", with long black hair Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca ", with long black hair .
their species mainly feed on bamboo their species mainly feed on bamboo .,Others are omnivores and eat meat or the main evidence of the giant panda gene ,Others are omnivores and eat meat or the main evidence of the giant panda gene .
ancestors in 1800 to 2200 million years ago with the other bears ancestors in 1800 to 2200 million years ago with the other bears . for early separation of the giant panda and bears this family members how to evolve over time, scientists do not clearly understand what for early separation of the giant panda and bears this family members how to evolve over time, scientists do not clearly understand what .
in Spain before the discovery of fossils, scientists found the oldest fossils of at most about 820 million, discovery in China of in Spain before the discovery of fossils, scientists found the oldest fossils of at most about 820 million, discovery in China of . paleontologists say they're putting Spain's two sites discovered the giant panda lived in different parts of the jaw and teeth fossils found paleontologists say they're putting Spain's two sites discovered the giant panda lived in different parts of the jaw and teeth fossils found .
The ancestors of the giant panda is a new genus, named"Kretzoiarctos, which means" Clyde Zuo Xiong Yi," to another giant panda to extinct paleontologist Mi - Clos Clyde Zoe (Miklos) named The ancestors of the giant panda is a new genus, named"Kretzoiarctos, which means" Clyde Zuo Xiong Yi," to another giant panda to extinct paleontologist Mi - Clos Clyde Zoe (Miklos) named . newly discovered pandas ancestors were named Kretzoiarctos beatrix ", with" beatrix "commemorates Spanish paleontologist bit Ritz - Libera (Beatriz) newly discovered pandas ancestors were named Kretzoiarctos beatrix ", with" beatrix "commemorates Spanish paleontologist bit Ritz - Libera (Beatriz) .
the discovery of fossils dating back to 1160 million - year - old at the time of the middle Miocene the discovery of fossils dating back to 1160 million - year - old at the time of the middle Miocene .,Kretzoiarctos beatrix, and habitat of humid climate, temperatures are moderate, forest lush ,Kretzoiarctos beatrix, and habitat of humid climate, temperatures are moderate, forest lush .
Spain's National Museum of Natural Sciences paleontologist Juan - Abraham said: "We are in the process described in the paper of the new record genus is the only one of the life of the population of bears in the Iberian Peninsula, was also the first giant panda population in the genealogy of Spain's National Museum of Natural Sciences paleontologist Juan - Abraham said: "We are in the process described in the paper of the new record genus is the only one of the life of the population of bears in the Iberian Peninsula, was also the first giant panda population in the genealogy of ." this species bears don't weigh more than 130 pounds (60 kilograms), with the scientific name "" of the sun bear's body to provide a substantially equivalent,the latter is the smallest of all bears around the secular population " this species bears don't weigh more than 130 pounds (60 kilograms), with the scientific name "" of the sun bear's body to provide a substantially equivalent,the latter is the smallest of all bears around the secular population .
fossil teeth and the display of these bears are omnivorous animals, but also has many plants for chewing hard dental features, such as bamboo fossil teeth and the display of these bears are omnivorous animals, but also has many plants for chewing hard dental features, such as bamboo . Abraham in "Science" magazine interview: "They will eat many different types of food such as meat, fruit, plant stems, leaves and even our Abraham in "Science" magazine interview: "They will eat many different types of food such as meat, fruit, plant stems, leaves and even our .
hasn't yet decided whether to appear in the middle Miocene Spain bamboo hasn't yet decided whether to appear in the middle Miocene Spain bamboo . But there is a lot of other similar plants adapted to humid climate, for Kretzoiarctos edible But there is a lot of other similar plants adapted to humid climate, for Kretzoiarctos edible .
"Kretzoiarctos modern giant panda fur is whether the same is unknown, because there is no any hair retained "Kretzoiarctos modern giant panda fur is whether the same is unknown, because there is no any hair retained . According to Abera speculated that the bear's fur is black - on - white spot According to Abera speculated that the bear's fur is black - on - white spot .
this speculation based on the fact that the vast majority of Bears have a whale and this speculation based on the fact that the vast majority of Bears have a whale and . this coat color in many animals, biological patterns reflect the cubs of the dead ancestors of this coat color in many animals, biological patterns reflect the cubs of the dead ancestors of .
morphology according to the study, giant panda and probably originated in western Europe morphology according to the study, giant panda and probably originated in western Europe ., however, since the fossil record is too little and much debris, it is difficult to determine the true origin of the , however, since the fossil record is too little and much debris, it is difficult to determine the true origin of the .
for "Why Kretzoiarctos go extinct?"This problem, Abraham said:" This is most likely caused by changes to its environment, forests become drier and the larger, more competitive against the influx of animal for "Why Kretzoiarctos go extinct?"This problem, Abraham said:" This is most likely caused by changes to its environment, forests become drier and the larger, more competitive against the influx of animal . "in 14 of the online Public Library of Science PLoS journals, Abraham and colleagues detailed their research found "in 14 of the online Public Library of Science PLoS journals, Abraham and colleagues detailed their research found .
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Multiply
Giant panda in a few million years the decline and even extinction position Giant panda in a few million years the decline and even extinction position . the reasons, besides the external environment deteriorates, there is a problem in terms of fertility and reproductive capacity the reasons, besides the external environment deteriorates, there is a problem in terms of fertility and reproductive capacity .
wolf expert on giant pandas by anatomical, histological, physiological and endocrinological aspects of long - term studies, the giant panda's reproductive function abnormally low wolf expert on giant pandas by anatomical, histological, physiological and endocrinological aspects of long - term studies, the giant panda's reproductive function abnormally low . due to genetic and environmental causes, many of the giant panda reproductive severe dysplasia, while an adult reproductive endocrine disorder, ovulation cannot or cannot normally ovulating, and even sterile due to genetic and environmental causes, many of the giant panda reproductive severe dysplasia, while an adult reproductive endocrine disorder, ovulation cannot or cannot normally ovulating, and even sterile .
giant pandas prefer to live alone,estrus after willingness among heterosexual contact giant pandas prefer to live alone,estrus after willingness among heterosexual contact . female panda estrus only once annually, and choosing a spouse is extremely strong, didn't see. "Prince Charming" no - cast "Hydrangea"
in the wild, and the public alike it is often necessary for the competition through a brutal fight, the victor - to get the twins favor in the wild, and the public alike it is often necessary for the competition through a brutal fight, the victor - to get the twins favor . if one small population and the absence of a sufficiently excellent male, apparently would achieve a normal male and female mating opportunities, and reduce the conception rate after mating of the Giant Panda if one small population and the absence of a sufficiently excellent male, apparently would achieve a normal male and female mating opportunities, and reduce the conception rate after mating of the Giant Panda .
farrowing majority groups, who even gave birth to twins also tend to care for only one farrowing majority groups, who even gave birth to twins also tend to care for only one . panda cubs are very fragile, very easy because of the lack of nutrition, illness, bad weather or encounter enemies die panda cubs are very fragile, very easy because of the lack of nutrition, illness, bad weather or encounter enemies die .
Artificial Propagation
captive giant pandas is difficult: difficult insemination, difficulty becoming pregnant, for rearing difficult captive giant pandas is difficult: difficult insemination, difficulty becoming pregnant, for rearing difficult . prior to 1990, artificial breeding survival rate of only 33% prior to 1990, artificial breeding survival rate of only 33% .
on 14 September 1963, only the first captive - bred pandas in Beijing Zoo, born 1992 on 14 September 1963, only the first captive - bred pandas in Beijing Zoo, born 1992 ., cultivation of giant panda twins were adopted, capital of Sichuan, were major achievements, has been awarded the first prize for scientific and technological progress, the State Prize of Scientific Progress of Ministry of Construction of scientific and technological achievements won the first prize of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, pioneered by twin hand - rearing techniques, and soon the ship, which is widely used in the process of ", cultivation of giant panda twins were adopted, capital of Sichuan, were major achievements, has been awarded the first prize for scientific and technological progress, the State Prize of Scientific Progress of Ministry of Construction of scientific and technological achievements won the first prize of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, pioneered by twin hand - rearing techniques, and soon the ship, which is widely used in the process of ".
,Panda twins parenting has been a problem under ,Panda twins parenting has been a problem under . artificially bred panda breeding recorded in September 1963, Beijing Zoo and the female be - "Lily" with the male of "dense" the natural mating after she gave birth to a male cub "Mingming", living for 26 - year - old artificially bred panda breeding recorded in September 1963, Beijing Zoo and the female be - "Lily" with the male of "dense" the natural mating after she gave birth to a male cub "Mingming", living for 26 - year - old .
1963 - 1977, mainly through captive panda breeding between natural mating in the 1963 - 1977, mainly through captive panda breeding between natural mating in the . in 1978, Beijing Zoo has successfully carried out the artificial insemination, the cub's birth with the in 1978, Beijing Zoo has successfully carried out the artificial insemination, the cub's birth with the .
1980, Chengdu Zoo by using frozen semen artificial insemination, success, and later also used for natural mating and artificial insemination by the way,improve artificial breed success 1980, Chengdu Zoo by using frozen semen artificial insemination, success, and later also used for natural mating and artificial insemination by the way,improve artificial breed success . 1963 - 1993, a total of 13 domestic and international zoos and sanctuaries were breeding 100 litters and 148 only, so far, alive, only 42 1963 - 1993, a total of 13 domestic and international zoos and sanctuaries were breeding 100 litters and 148 only, so far, alive, only 42 .
reared artificially, the breed survived, a female panda fertility has again reared artificially, the breed survived, a female panda fertility has again . artificial breeding pandas, can reduce the wild predators and disease damage, guaranteeing nutrient supply, eliminate the harsh climate of the invasion and artificial breeding pandas, can reduce the wild predators and disease damage, guaranteeing nutrient supply, eliminate the harsh climate of the invasion and .
Furthermore, it is also possible to greatly improve the ability of the giant panda breeding survival rate of panda Furthermore, it is also possible to greatly improve the ability of the giant panda breeding survival rate of panda . panda breeding programs, and manage to save the giant panda is one of the most important strategies for panda breeding programs, and manage to save the giant panda is one of the most important strategies for .
Animal Diplomacy
Wild pandas live only in China of these rare animals as gifts, selectively for overseas Chinese Wild pandas live only in China of these rare animals as gifts, selectively for overseas Chinese . 18 force only by the privileged to welcome panda zoo, where four where Europe 18 force only by the privileged to welcome panda zoo, where four where Europe .
China Panda on the hospitality of the hosts have a long list of rules of burden of requirements engineering cost is China Panda on the hospitality of the hosts have a long list of rules of burden of requirements engineering cost is . .
500 million euros in addition, pandas are "rented", the actual period is 10 to 15 years 500 million euros in addition, pandas are "rented", the actual period is 10 to 15 years . for species conservation work in the name of the host for a year and paid nearly $100 for species conservation work in the name of the host for a year and paid nearly $100 .
offspring if the pandas, the zoo has to pay a fee of $400,000 offspring if the pandas, the zoo has to pay a fee of $400,000 . Panda Panda .
means a stable income Belgium paradise Zoo ushered in the beginning of 2014"good" and "Star". From pandas couples had the honour of welcoming Xi Jinping and his companion of the King of the Belgians, the queen and the prime minister's visit as a paradise for the Zoo pandas couples had the honour of welcoming Xi Jinping and his companion of the King of the Belgians, the queen and the prime minister's visit as a paradise for the Zoo .
listed shares is twice the level a year ago in the zoo's panda home listed shares is twice the level a year ago in the zoo's panda home . next to which is the hometown of two star - themed shops, everything is black and white gloves - - here's next to which is the hometown of two star - themed shops, everything is black and white gloves - - here's .
Panda, panda T - shirts, toy panda, panda, panda chalk, panda bracelet Panda, panda T - shirts, toy panda, panda, panda chalk, panda bracelet . 4 4.
There Was A Welcome Fall Of Triplets
from Sichuan's Wolong panda mom "chrysanthemum smile" 2014 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Jul. 29, at Guangzhou Changlong wild animal world, giving birth to the world's first surviving set of all the giant panda cub triplets through the China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center experts and professional breeders long Long night monitoring team, currently only 3 cubs safe and was over the hump and through the China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center experts and professional breeders long Long night monitoring team, currently only 3 cubs safe and was over the hump and .
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