鵝膏科
正文
傘菌目的 1科。本科真菌子實體初期由外菌幕包被,成長後,菌幕留於菌柄基部成為菌托。菌褶初期常為內菌幕覆蓋,菌蓋伸展後,內菌幕留於菌柄上成為菌環。菌蓋肉質,菌柄中生,菌柄與蓋容易分離,菌褶離生或近離生。孢子光滑,孢子印白色,在顯微鏡下無色。褶髓是正兩側型。本科下分2屬:毒傘屬和粘傘屬。前者種類多,有少數種可食,多數種有毒,須嚴防誤食。致命劇毒的種有毒傘、鱗柄白毒傘、白毒傘、殘托斑毒傘等。毒傘中含毒肽、毒傘肽等毒性物質,中毒症狀為血糖過低、肝損害和腎衰竭;毒蠅傘含蠅蕈鹼、蠅蕈醇和鵝膏蕈氨酸(見彩圖)。
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