導語
寫作是一種創造性的勞動。好的文章必須是作者自己獨特的生活感受和藝術構思。本書根據《高校英語專業四級考試大綱》編寫而成，主要面向參加英語專業四級的考生。如果讀者按照本書的內容循序漸進，必會在短期內在寫作方面有所突破。書中列舉了大量的寫作素材、修辭手段、寫作套路、模擬題及歷年實考題範文，供讀者複習時參考。該書針對性強，讀者可以進行學習、模仿和創新。除了可供參加英語專業四級的考生外，本書也可以供有一定英語基礎而希望在寫作方面有所提高的讀者學習。
圖書目錄
Chapter One Brainstorming and Outlining（頭腦風暴及提納挈領）
1 Brainstorming（頭腦風暴）
1.1 Animals（動物）
1.2 Communication（交流）
1.3 Cooperation and Competition（競爭與合作）
1.4 Economy（經濟）
1.5 Education（教育）
1.6 Environmental Protection（環境保護）
1.7 Euthanasia（安樂死）
1.8 Family（家庭）
1.9 Friendship（友誼）
1.10 Groups or Organizations（組織）
1.11 Happiness（幸福）
1.12 Health（健康）
1.13 Independence（獨立自主）
1.14 Information（信息）
1.15 Knowledge and Experience（知識與經驗）
1.16 Love（愛心）
1.17 Mistakes（錯誤）
1.18 Music（音樂）
1.19 Science and Technology（科技）
1.20 Stress（壓力）
1.21 Travel（旅遊）
1.22 Work（工作）
2 Outlining（提綱挈領）
Chapter TwoCoherence（揮筆流暢）
1 Sentence Coherence（句子連貫）
1.1 Sequence（順序）
1.2 Cause or Reason（原因或理由）
1.3 Result（結果）
1.4 Illustration（舉例）
1.5 Comparison（相似比較）
1.6 Contrast（差異比較）
1.7 Concession（讓步）
1.8 Conversion（轉折）
1.9 Condition（條件）
1.10 Exception（例外）
1.11 Purpose（目的）
1.12 Place（地點）
1.13 Restatement（複述）
1.14 Feelings（情感）
1.15 Conclusion（結論）
1.16 Time（時間）
2 Paragraph Coherence（段落連貫）
2.1 Opening Paragraph（開頭段）
2.2 Concluding Paragraph（總結段）
2.3 Body Paragraph（主體段）
Chapter Three Compositions with Outlines and Patterns（諳熟套路）
Chapter Four Rhetorical Devices（*連珠）
Chapter Five Compositions with Patterns and Rhetorical Devices（範文集錦）
Chapter Six Note Writing（便條寫作）
……
Chapter Seven Previously-Tested Compositions and Notes（實戰回顧）
節選
Preface
Despite the claims of some people that there is little need for people
to learn to write in an electronic age, there is still an insistent and
persistent cry for effective writing. Even in an electronic age, you can
scarcely hope to succeed unless you can express yourself in writing with
some degree of effectiveness. Writing can help you to think critically. It
can enable you to perceive relationships, to deepen perception, to solve
problems, etc. Often you discover what you really think and feel about
people, ideas, issues and events only in the actual process of writing.
Writing in English is even more important to the language learners,
because the final product of language learning is to use the target language
rather than regard it as a decoration.
This book is written according to "The Syllabus for TEM 4. It is
divided into seven chapters. Chapter One lists material that you may need
in writing. Chapter Two provides you with ways of coherence so that you
can write sentences, paragraphs and essays smoothly. Chapter Three
presents essays with outlines and patterns for well-organized essays.
Chapter Four concerns itself with rhetorical devices so that you can write
not only correct sentences but also forceful ones. Chapter Five
demonstrates essays with not only patterns but also rhetorical devices so
that you will know what effective writing is. Chapter Six introduces notes
of various functions. And finally, Chapter Seven looks back to previously-
tested notes and compositions.
Before you read the book, please get acquainted with The TEM ~.
Composition and Note Marking Schemes so that you will know where you
should go.
My view on going abroad
Advantage:
1) absorb up-to-date knowledge
2) deepen the understanding of the foreign culture and thus be able to
communicate with the local people more effectively
3) get a foreign degree or diploma
4) expand one's horizons and be more independent
5) stand a good chance to get a high starting salary
Disadvantage ..
1) pay high tuition fee
2) be quite lonely
3) be unable to adapt oneself to the foreign environment
People's views on studying abroad vary from person to person. Some
people think that it is advisable for the graduates to further their study
abroad. In support of their opinion, they say that studying abroad is an
effective way to improve oneself comprehensively. But others hold that
studying abroad is unnecessary and, to some extent, a waste of money. To
find a job and to accumulate working experience are what a graduate should
do. As to me, I agree with the first opinion. The following reasons can
account for my inclination.
First, studying abroad enables us to expand our horizon. The world's top
universities provide us with chances and possibilities we can never imagine.
Second, there is an element of truth that studying abroad costs a lot, but this
is not to say that it is not worthwhile. On the contrary, it may be the most
profitable investment. The experience of studying abroad will earn you a high
starting salary and make you more independent. As is known to all,
independence is the basic requirement in the competitive society. Third,
studying abroad will deepen your understanding of the foreign culture and thus
you will know how to communicate with the foreigners effectively, which
actually is a must in a country with ever-increasing_cultural and economic
exchange with foreign countries.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely conclude that
pursuing one's study abroad after graduation does benefit the college students
a lot.
Boom in adult education
Advantages:
1) Adult education is the continuation of one's school education.
2) The rapid development of the technology requires all the employers to arm
themselves with new knowledge.
3) The laid-offaworkers go to the technical school to prepare themselves for
the new positions.
4) Adult education is a must in the competitive society.
Disadvantages:
1) Adult education may occupy too much of one's free time.
2) The schools and teachers may not be qualified.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of society and technology, adult
education is playing a significant part in our daily life and work. There are
all kinds of training in the companies, and schools and universities offer a
variety of part-time programs. Generally, adult education is positive to the
working people.
For one thing, adult education is the continuation of one's school'
education. It is a useful way to perfect oneself. For another, with the rapid
development of the technology, all the employers need to update their
knowledge all the time and learning has become an on-going process
throughout one's life. But advantages usually go hand in hand with
disadvantages. For example, if the part-time program occupies too much of
one's free time, he may feel very tired and his study efficiency may be
influenced. Even worse, if the schools and the teachers are not qualified, the
programs attended can be a waste of time and money.
To conclude, whether favorable or unfavorable, the trend that adult
education is becoming more and more popular is irreversible in at least a few
decades ahead. Therefore, some steps should be taken to reduce the weak
points to a minimum.
Living in a big city or a small town
Living in big cities:
1) Life is more convenient.
2) One can have more recreational activities.
3) One can find a good job easily.
Living in small towns:
1) Life is quiet there, with less pollution.
2) One can enjoy the beautiful scenery all the time.
There is much discussion today about whether it is better to live in a big
,
city or in a small town. Some people believe that the life in big cities is more
comfortable than that in small towns or countries. Others, however, enjoy
the leisure life in the countryside. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to spend
more time in the big cities since I think the urban life has more advantages.
There are numerous reasons why urban life is favorable and I would explain
a few of the most important reasons.
First, with all types of stores and supermarkets around your community,
life is much easier in big cities. By only walking several street blocks, you can
buy your daily necessities. You can do a lot of recreational activities without
spending too much time on travelling. In addition, big cities provide us with
more working opportunities. Most companies, if you agree with me, put their
emphasis on the business in big cities. More and more companies set up
branches in big cities to compete for the market share and thus offer more
positions.
Taking the above mentioned points into consideration, we may
reasonably draw a conclusion that living in big cities is more profitable than
living in small towns.
Water shortage
1) purify the polluted water
2) reuse after special treatment
3) reduce wasteful consumption
Water shortage is a problem facing the whole world. In some cities
seemingly abundant of water resources, the shortage of quality water is also
obvious. Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the
following ones may be the most effective.
First of all, wasteful consumption should be reduced. We should stop to
use quality water to irrigate farmland, clean streets and wash vehicles.
Second, water pollution is the major reason for the shortage problem, so
