定義
邏輯斯諦分布即增長分布,增長分布的分布函式是“增長函式”,亦稱“邏輯斯諦函式”(logistic function),故增長分布亦稱做“邏輯斯諦分布”。
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/5/a7e/wZwpmL4UTM0EDO2kjN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL5YzL2QzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
邏輯斯諦分布(logistic distribution)是一種連續型的機率分布,記為。其累積分布函式為
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/8/b9e/wZwpmL2QjNygDMzMzN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLzczLwYzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/0/588/wZwpmL3gDM3MDM4MDMwEDN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLzAzLzMzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/5/0b3/wZwpmL2gDO3YTN3ADO3EDN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLwgzLyQzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/5/0b3/wZwpmL2gDO3YTN3ADO3EDN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLwgzLyQzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/4/3c4/wZwpmLzITNyUTMxIjN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLyYzL1YzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/4/388/wZwpmLzcDNxgTN1EDN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLxQzLxEzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/7/618/wZwpmL3QTOygjMzAzN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwczL3IzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
其中的兩個參數:是散布中心,也是數學期望;表示散布程度,越大,散布程度也越大。分布的標準差是。當時,稱為 標準的 邏輯斯諦分布,記作,它的累積分布函式為
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/0/994/wZwpmLxYzN2QzNyUTN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL1UzL0QzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLzE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
邏輯斯諦分布最早來自於生長曲線的需要。在火炸藥性能研究工作中,對於表現敏感性的臨界刺激量的機率分布,有時用邏輯斯諦分布來表示,而同常態分配一起,成為在這一領域套用最廣的兩個分布。此外,邏輯斯諦分布還用於經濟、人口統計,以及可靠性工程等領域 。
相關性質
分布函式和密度函式
設X是連續隨機變數,X服從 邏輯斯諦分布是指X具有下列分布函式和密度函式:
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/8/1ec/wZwpmLygTOxgzN4ADN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwQzLxIzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/2/67b/wZwpmLxUDOzAzM1QTN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL0UzL2QzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLxE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/0/588/wZwpmL3gDM3MDM4MDMwEDN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLzAzLzMzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/8/caa/wZwpmL2YTM1YTMxUjN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL1YzL2AzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLzE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
式中,為位置參數,為形狀參數 。
邏輯斯諦分布的特徵
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/b/92c/wZwpmL2ADMyMDO1YDN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL2QzLzUzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
(1);
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/c/b67/wZwpmL0AzN4gTMyEDN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLxQzL1EzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
(2) 矩母函式
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/f/7ff/wZwpmL3QTM2ITMzAzN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwczLygzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLzE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
特徵函式。
邏輯斯諦分布常用於經濟學與人口統計學 。
圖像特徵
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/3/78e/wZwpmLyMDNzQDM5EjNxADN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLxYzL2AzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLzE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/5/319/wZwpmLzUTMzAzN1ATMzEzM1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwEzLxAzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/d/6b9/wZwpmLwATOzIDM0ATN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwUzLxczLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLzE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
邏輯斯諦分布的密度函式和分布函式的圖形如圖1所示,分布函式屬於邏輯斯諦函式,其圖形是一條S形曲線(sigmoid curve)。該曲線以點為中心對稱,即滿足
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/c/8cf/wZwpmLzIzMxYTM0ATN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwUzL1czLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![邏輯斯諦分布](/img/5/0b3/wZwpmL2gDO3YTN3ADO3EDN0UTMyITNykTO0EDMwAjMwUzLwgzLyQzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
曲線在中心附近增長速度較快,在兩端增長速度較慢.形狀參數的值越小,曲線在中心附近增長得越快 。
![圖1 邏輯斯諦分布的密度函式](/img/6/475/wZwpmL3cjN3UjN2UDO0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL1gzL0MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)
![圖2 邏輯斯諦分布的分布函式](/img/8/a38/wZwpmL4ATN2MjNzAjN0MTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzLwYzL4MzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmL0E2LvoDc0RHa.jpg)