簡介
在中國,以前由於它繁殖比較容易,賣不出好價錢,造成了多肉專業人士對這類植物普遍比較輕視,對此缺乏系統研究。廣大普通花友在栽培的同時,普遍受到花商亂取名字的影響,導致該屬植物名稱非常混亂,石蓮花屬植物是景天科植物中較難辨認品種的一屬。最近幾年,隨著國內普通園藝愛好者的水平日益提高,石蓮花屬的各種最新園藝品種被引進,掀起了該屬植物的種植高潮。目前已經有國內的愛好者在嘗試雜交和育種。
形態特徵
多年生肉質草本植物或亞灌木。株高可達60厘米。植株具短莖, 肉質葉排列成標準的蓮座狀生於短縮莖上,倒卵匙形,被白粉。生長旺盛時其葉盤直徑可達20厘米, 葉片匙形, 稍厚, 頂端有小尖, 葉色黑紫。聚傘花序, 小花紅色或紫紅色。蓇葖果。花期6~8月。
繁殖培育
石蓮花的繁殖,可在生長期間用掰取成熟而完整的葉片進行扦插,插前晾1~2天,稍傾斜或平放於蛭石或沙土上, 保持稍有潮氣, 很快就會在基部生根, 並長出新芽, 等新芽長得稍大些, 另行栽種即成為新的植株; 還可用老株旁邊萌發的幼株扦插,也容易成活。
石蓮花屬的種子播種其實也很容易。石蓮花屬植物在人工栽培條件下,一般需要人工授粉。授粉成功,待種子成熟後,即可播種。石蓮花種子細小,需仔細收集。播種容器中裝排水良好的基質,表面覆蓋沙礫,容器澆透水後,均勻地將種子撒播在沙礫上,蓋上玻璃片或罩透明薄膜,放置在散射光處,很快會發芽。發芽後去掉玻璃片或薄膜。
石蓮花花幼苗生長稍慢,需耐心照顧。
屬內物種
(格式: 屬名 種名名稱發表者, 名稱發表年 =常用中文名(中文別名))
Echeveria acutifolia Lindley, 1842
Echeveria affinis Walther, 1958 =古紫/黑騎士
Echeveria agavoides Lemaire, 1863 = 東雲
Echeveria alata Alexander, 1941
Echeveria amoena De Smet, 1875 = 花乃井
Echeveria amphoralis Walther, 1958
Echeveria andicola Pino, 2005
Echeveria angustifolia Walther, 1972
Echeveria atropurpurea (Baker) Morren, 1874
Echeveria aurantiaca Reyes, Gonzáles-Zorzano & Brachet, 2011
Echeveriaballsii (20km west of Bogota Mosquer,Colombia)
Echeveria australis Rose, 1903
Echeveria bakeri Kimnach 1991
Echeveria ballsii Walther, 1958 = 鮑司
Echeveria bella Alexander, 1941
Echeveria bicolor (Humb. & Bonpl.) Walther, 1935
Echeveria bifida Schlechtendal, 1839 = 貝飛達
Echeveria brachetii Reyes & Gonzáles, 2009 = 布拉榭蒂
Echeveria calderoniae Pérez-Calix, 1997
Echeveria calycosa Moran, 1967 = 金明滅
Echeveria canaliculata Hooker f., 1857
Echeveria cante Glass & Mendoza-Garcia, 1997 = 廣寒宮
Echeveria carminea Alexander, 1941
Echeveria carnicolor E.Morren, 1874 = 銀明色
Echeveria cerrograndensis Nieves-Hernández et al., 2014
Echeveria chapalensis Moran & C.H.Uhl, 1989
Echeveria chazaroi Kimnach, 1995 = 尺素
Echeveria chiclensis (Ball) Berger, 1930
Echeveria chihuahuaensis von Poellnitz, 1935 = 吉娃蓮
Echeveria chilonensis (Kuntze) Walther, 1935
Echeveria coccinea (Cavanilles) DC, 1828
Echeveria colorata E.Walther, 1972 = 卡羅拉,布蘭迪/勃蘭特
Echeveria compressicaulis Eggli & Taylor, 2002
Echeveria corallina Alexander, 1941
Echeveria coruana Garcia et al., 2016
Echeveria craigiana E.Walther, 1952 = 吳鉤
Echeveria crenulata Rose, 1911
Echeveria cuencaensis von Poellnitz, 1935
Echeveria cumbre
Echeveria cuspidata Rose, 1903
Echeveria dactylifera Walther, 1972 = 紅酥手/鳳凰精靈
Echeveria decumbens Kimnach, 1995
Echeveria derenbergii J.A.Purpus, 1921 = 靜夜
Echeveria desmetiana De Smet, 1874 = 藍石蓮/皮氏石蓮花/皮氏藍石蓮/薄葉藍鳥/墨西哥藍鳥
Echeveria diffractens Kimnach & A.B.Lau, 1981 = 蒂凡尼/茜牡丹
Echeveria elegans Rose, 1905 = 月影
Echeveria eurychlamys (Diels) Berger, 1930 = 黑夜蓮/黑蓮
Echeveria excelsa (diels) Berger, 1930
Echeveria fimbriata C.H.Thompson, 1911
Echeveria fulgens Lemaire, 1845
Echeveria gibbiflora DC, 1828 = 粉彩蓮
Echeveria gigantea Rose & Purpus, 1910 = 大瑞蝶
Echeveria globuliflora Walther, 1959
Echeveria globulosa Moran, 1966
Echeveria goldiana Walther 1959
Echeveria goldmanii Rose, 1905
Echeveria gracilis (Rose) Moran, 1973
Echeveria grisea E.Walther, 1938
Echeveria guatemalensis Rose, 1909
Echeveria gudeliana Véliz & García-Mendoza, 2011
Echeveria guerrerensis Reyes, González-Zorzano & Brachet, 2011
Echeveria guerrerensis
Echeveria halbingeri Walther, 1958 = 海濱格瑞/海冰格麗
Echeveria harmsii J.F.Macbride, 1931 = 花司
Echeveria helmutiana Kimnach, 1995
Echeveria heterosepala Rose, 1903 = 望帝
Echeveria holwayi Rose, 1911
Echeveria humilis Rose, 1903
Echeveria hyalina Walther, 1972=海琳娜(原海濱格瑞變種,現已獨立出來)
Echeveria johnsonii Walther, 1958
Echeveria juarezensis Walther, 1959
Echeveria juliana Reyes, González-Zorzano & Kristen, 2012 = 朱莉安娜
Echeveri a kimnachii Meyrán & Vega, 1998
Echeveria krahnii Kimnach, 2009
Echeveria laui Moran & Meyrán, 1976 = 雪蓮
Echeveria leucotricha purpus, 1914 = 白兔耳
Echeveria lilacina Kimnach & Moran, 1980 = 麗娜蓮
Echeveria longiflora Walther, 1959
Echeveria longissima Walther, 1938 = 羅西瑪
Echeveria lozanoi Rose, 1905=龍贊尼
Echeveria lutea Rose, 1911 = 魷魚
Echeveria lyonsii Kimnach, 2007 = 龍司
Echeveria macdougallii Walther, 1958 = 原始紅稚蓮
Echeveria macrantha Standley & Steyermark, 1944
Echeveria marianae García-Ruiz & Costea, 2014
Echeveria maxonii Rose, 1909
Echeveria megacalyx Walther, 1959 = 玉壺光
Echeveria minima J.Meyrán, 1968 = 姬蓮
Echeveria mondragoniana Reyes & Brachet, 2009
Echeveria montana Rose, 1903
Echeveria moranii Walther, 1972 = 魔氏玉蓮
Echeveria mucronata Schlechtendal, 1839
Echeveria multicaulis Rose, 1905 = 多莖蓮
Echeveria munizii Padilla-Lepe & A. Vázquez, 2014
Echeveria nayaritensis Kimnach, 1979
Echeveria nebularum Moran & Kimnach, 2004
Echeveria nodulosa (Baker) Otto, 1873 =紅司
Echeveria n ovogaliciana Reyes, Brachet & González-Zorzano, 2011
Echeveria nuda Lindley, 1856
Echeveria nuyooensis Reyes & Islas, 2015
Echeveria olivacea Moran, 1991
Echeveria oreophila Kimnach, 2002
Echeveria pallida Walther, 1938 = 霜之鶴
Echeveria paniculata Gray, 1852
Echeveria papillosa Kimnach & C.H.Uhl, 1983
Echeveria patriotica García & Pérez-Calix, 2007
Echeveria penduliflora Walther, 1958
Echeveria pendulosa Kimnach & Uhl, 1992
Echeveria perezcalixii Jimeno-Sevilla & Carillo, 2010
Echeveria peruviana Meyen, 1834
Echeveria pilosa J.A.Purpus, 1917
Echeveria pinetorum rose, 1905 = 松間蓮 = 施施蓮
Echeveria sp. ‘Pinwheel’ = 紙風車
Echeveria pistioides García et al., 2016
Echeveriap istioides García et Al., 2016
Echeve ria pittieri Rose, 1911
Echeveria platyphylla Rose, 1903
Echeveri a pringlei (S.Watson) Rose, 1903
Echeveria procera Moran, 1967
Echeveria prolifica Moran & J.Meyrán, 1978 = 子持白蓮/粉蔓
Echeveria prunina Kimnach & Moran, 1981
Echeveria pulidonis Walther, 1972 = 花月夜
Echeveria pulvinata Rose, 1903 = 錦晃星
Echeveria purhepecha García, 2011
Echeveria purpusorum Berger, 1930 = 原始大和錦/白和錦
Echeveria quitensis (Humb. & Bonpl.) Lindley, 1852
Echeveria racemosa Schlechtendal & Chamisso, 1830 = 摩莎/赤花蓮華
Echeveria rauschii van Keppel, 1969
Echeveria recurvata Carruthers, 1974
Echeveria rodolfi Martínez-Ávalos & Mora-Olivo, 2000 = 魯道夫
Echeveria rosea lindley, 1842 = 妖精花傘
Echeveria roseiflora Reyes & Gonzáles-zorzano, 2010
Echeveria rubromarginata rose, 1905 = 天魔舞/羅浮宮/粉黛
Echeveria rulfiana Jimeno-Sevilla et al., 2015
Echeveria runyonii Rose ex Walther, 1935 =魯氏石蓮花
Echeveria schaffneri (S.Watson) Rose, 1903
Echeveria scheeri Lindley, 1845
Echeveria secunda Booth, 1838 = 七福神/賽康達
Echeveria semivestita Moran, 1954
Echeveria setosa Rose & Purpus, 1910 = 錦司晃,小藍衣,青渚蓮
Echeveria shaviana Walther, 1972 = 沙維娜
Echeveria simulans Rose, 1905 = 鏡蓮/皺葉月影
Echeveria skinneri Walther, 1972
Echeveria spectabilis Alexander, 1941 = 久米之舞
Echeveria steyermarkii Standley, 1944
Echeveria strictiflora A.Gray, 1852 = 劍司
Echeveria subalpina Rose & Purpus, 1910 = 浮岳蓮/薩賓娜
Echeveria subcorymbosa Kimnach & Moran, 1994 = 藍寶石/凌波仙子/026
Echeveria subrigida (Robinson & Seaton) Rose, 1903 = 鋼葉蓮
Echeveria subspicata (Baker) Berger, 1930
Echeveria tencho Moran & Uhl, 2005 = 天珠蓮
Echeveri a tenuis Rose, 1903
Echeveria teretifolia Sessé & Mociño ex DC, 1828
Echeveria tobarensis Berger 1930 = 拓跋蓮
Echeveria tolimanensis Matuda, 1958 = 杜里萬蓮
Echeveria tolucensis Rose, 1905
Echeveria trianthina Rose, 1909 = 東天紅
Echeveria triquiana Reyes & Brachet, 2015
Echeveria turgida Rose, 1905
Echeveria uhlii Meyrán, 1992 = 青岫蓮
Echeveria unguiculata Kimnach, 2002 = 魔爪
Echeveria utcubambensis Hutchinson ex Kimnach, 2002
Echeveria uxorum Jimeno-Sevilla & Cházaro, 2012
Echeveria valvata Moran, 1963
Echeveria viridissima Walther, 1959
Echeveria walpoleana Rose, 1905
Echeveria waltheri Moran & Meyrán, 1961 (engl. / fr.)
Echeveria westii Walther, 1972
Echeveria whitei Rose, 1925
Echeveria wurdackii Hutchison ex Kimnach, 2002
Echeveria xichuensis Lopez & Reyes, 1998 = 惜春
Echeveria y almanantlanensis A.Vázquez & Cházaro, 2013
Echeveria zorzaniana Reyes & Brachet, 2009
常見品種
特玉蓮 Echeveria runyonii 'Topsy Turvy'
黑王子 Echeveria 'Black Prince'
紫珍珠(紐倫堡珍珠) Echeveria 'Perle Von Nurnberg'
大和錦(酒神) Echeveria 'Dionysos'
露娜蓮 Echeveria 'Lola'
晚霞之舞 Echeveria 'Neon Breaker'
羅密歐 Echeveria agavoides ‘Romeo’
白閃冠 Echeveria 'Bombycina'
白鳳 Echeveria 'Hakuhou'