內容簡介
本書是近年來惟一一本專門討論時序及時序驗證的專著。
本書前兩章側重於介紹時序及時序驗證的概念與方法。它首先通過對比功能仿真、動態時序仿真與靜態時序
驗證,指出靜態時序驗證是唯一快速有效並全面驗證晶片是否滿足其時序規約的手段;通過電路圖和表格方式細緻地介紹了時序方面的各種基礎概念,如路徑延遲、傳播延遲、相位偏差、關鍵路徑;解釋了內在延遲和外在延遲的各種成因;並以i960處理器的EDRAM接口時序圖為例講述了接口時序分析方法。
本書繼而詳細地闡述了時鐘和時序規約、時序驗證的各種概念;討論了各種時鐘方案,如門控時鐘、時鐘網路/時鐘分布結構、多頻率時鐘和多相位時鐘等;細緻地討論了靜態時序分析中可以採用的各種手段,如設定無效路徑、多周期路徑、施加各方面時序約束。
本書後兩章分別針對專用積體電路(ASIC)和基於可程式邏輯器件的設計展開時序方面的討論。
本書是近10年來惟一一本專門討論時序及時序驗證的專著,共分4章。本書全面討論了靜態時序驗證的各方面內容;全書不僅緊密結合電路圖和波形圖進行講解,還結合Synopsys公司的邏輯綜合和靜態時序分析工具講解如何通過命令加以實現;介紹過程中不僅從理論上闡述了延遲模型,而且注重實踐環節,引入了大量實際示例加以深入探討。這種寫作風格將促進讀者能夠更全面、細緻地理解所講內容,因此本書十分適合自學。
目錄
ListofFigures
ListofTables
Preface
Acknowledgments
1IntroductiontoTimingVerification
1.1Introduction
1.2OverviewofTimingVerification
1.2.1Intrinsicvs.ExtrinsicDelay
1.2.2PathDelay
1.3InterfaceTimingAnalysis
2ElementsofTimingVerification
2.1Introduction
2.2ClockDefinitions
2.2.1GatedClocks
2.2.2ClockSkewsandMultipleClockGroups
2.2.3MultifrequencyClocks
2.2.4MultiphaseClocks
2.3MoreonSTA
2.3.1FalsePaths
2.3.2MulticyclePathAnalysis
2.3.3TimingSpecifications
2.3.4TimingChecks
2.4TimingAnalysisofPhase-LockedLoops
2.4.1PLLBasics
2.4.2PLLIdealBehavior
2.4.3PLLErrors
3TiminginASICs
3.2PrelayoutTiming
3.2.1RTLvs.Gate-LevelTiming
3.2.2TiminginRTLCode
3.2.3DelaywithaContinuousAssignmentStatement
3.2.4DelayinaProcessStatement
3.2.5Intra-AssignmentDelays
3.2.6TheVerilogSpecifyBlock
3.2.7Timingin-GateLevelCode
3.2.8SynthesisandTimingConstraints
3.2.9DesignRuleConstraints
3.2.10OptimizationConstraints
3.2.11GateandWire-LoadModels
3.2.12TheSynthesisFlow
3.2.13SynthesisTips
3.2.14BackAnnotationtoGate-LevelRTL
3.3PostlavoutTiming
3.3.1ManualLine-PropagationDelayCalculations
3.3.2Signal-LineCapacitanceCalculation
3.3.3SignalLineResistanceCalculation
3.3.4SignalTraceRCDelayEvaluation
3.4ASICSign-OffChecklist
3.4.1LibraryDevelopment
3.4.2FunctionalSpecification
3.4.3RTLCoding
3.4.4SimulationsofRTL
3.4.5LogicSynthesis
3.4.6TestInsertionandATPG
3.4.7PostsynthesisGate-LevelSimulationorStaticTimingAnalysis
3.4.8Floorplanning
3.4.9PlaceandRoute
3.4.10FinalVerificationoftheExtractedNetlist
3.4.11MaskGenerationandFabrication
3.4.12Testing
4ProgrammableLogicBasedDesign
4.1Introduction
4.2ProgrammableLogicStructures
4.2.1LogicBlock
4.2.2Input/OutputBlock
4.2.3RoutingFacilities
4.3DesignFlow
4.4TimingParameters
4.4.1TimingDeratingFactors
4.4.2GradingProgrAmmableLogicDevicesbySpeed
4.4.3Best-CaseDelayValues
4.5TimingAnalysis
4.5.1ActelACTFPGAFAmily
4.5.2ActelACT3Architecture
4.5.3ActelACT3TimingModel
4.5.4AlteraFLEX8000
4.5.5AlteraFLEX8000Architecture
4.5.6AlteraFLEX8000TimingModel
4.5.7XilinxXC3000/XC4000FPGAFamilies
4.5.8XiilnxXC9500CPLD
4.5.9XilinxXC9500CPLDArchitecture
4.5.10XilinxXC9500CPLDTimingModel
4.6HDLSynthesis
4.7SoftwareDevelopmentSystems
4.7.1TimingConstraints
4.7.2OperatingConditions
4.7.3StaticTimingAnalysis
4.7.4Vendor-SpecificTiming-VerificationTools
4.7.5ActelDesigner
4.7.6AlteraMAX+PLUSII
4.7.7XilinxXACT/M1
APrimeTime
BPearl
CTimingDesigner
DTransistor-LevelTimingVerification
References
Index
AbouttheAuthor