定義
介詞（The Preposition）又叫做前置詞，通常置於名詞之前。它是一種虛詞，不需要重讀，在
1介詞的種類
英語中最常用的介詞，按照不同的分類標準可分為以下幾類：
(1). 簡單介詞、複合介詞和短語介詞
①.簡單介詞是指單一介詞。如：
at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等。
②. 複合介詞是指由兩個簡單介詞組成的介詞。如：
Inside, outside , onto, into , throughout, without , as to as for , unpon, except for 等。
③. 短語介詞是指由短語構成的介詞。如：
In front of , by means o f, on behalf of, in spite of , by way of , in favor of , in regard to 等。
(2). 按詞義分類
{1} 表地點（包括動向）的介詞。如：
About ,above, across, after, along , among, around , at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between , beyond ,by, down, from, in, into , near, off, on, over, through, throught, to, towards,, under, up, unpon, with, within , without 等。
{2} 表時間的介詞。如：
About, after, around , as , at, before , behind , between , by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until) , to, towards , within 等。
{3} 表除去的介詞。如：
beside , but, except等。
{4} 表比較的介詞。如：
As, like, above, over等。
{5} 表反對的介詞。如：
againt ,with 等。
{6} 表原因、目的的介詞。如：
for, with, from 等。
{7} 表結果的介詞。如：
to, with , without 等。
{8} 表手段、方式的介詞。如：
by, in ,with 等。
{9} 表所屬的介詞。如：
of , with 等。
{10} 表條件的介詞。如：
on, without , considering 等。
{11} 表讓步的介詞。如：
despite, in spite notwithstanding等。
{12} 表關於的介詞。如：
About, concerning, regarding ,with regard to, as for , as to
{13} 表對於的介詞。如：
to, for over , at , with 等。
{14} 表根據的介詞。如：
on, according to 等。
{15} 表其他的介詞。如：
for(贊成)，without（沒有）等。
2. 介詞短語
(1).介詞短語的構成 介詞之後出現的名詞、代詞或其他相當於名詞的結構、短語或從句叫介詞賓語。介詞短語是指介詞和介詞賓語構成的短語。介詞短語的構成主要有下面的形式：
{1} 介詞＋名詞。如：
The headmaster lives near the school
校長住在學校附近。
{2} 介詞＋名詞性從句。如：
I am curious as to what she will say.
我很想知道她想說什麼。
{3} 介詞＋代詞。如：
What do you know about him ?
關於他，你都知道些什麼？
{4} 介詞＋動名詞短語或其複合結構。如：
He is interested in swimming.
他對游泳感興趣。
The painter is keen on collecting coins
那位畫家喜歡收集硬幣。
There are no risk of you being late
你不會遲到的。
{5} 介詞＋連線詞或連線副詞引導的從句或不定式。如：
Your success will largely depend upon how you do it.
你成功與否將主要取決於你怎樣做。
The teacher gave us a talk on how to study English .
老師給我們做了一個如何學英語的講座。
{6} 介詞＋數詞。如：
Six from twelve is six
12減6等於6。
{7} 介詞＋形容詞。如：
We know her of old
我們老早就認識了她。
{8} 介詞＋副詞。如：
They worked all day and had a hurried luch in between .
他們工作了一整天，中間匆匆吃了一頓飯。
(2). 介詞短語的作用
介詞短語在句中可作多種句子成分：
{1} 作主語。如：
From the library to the teaching building is a 5 minutes’ walk.
從圖書館到教學樓要走五分鐘。
{2} 作表語。如：
Are you for the plan?
你贊成這個計畫嗎？
I was at my grandma’s yesterday.
我昨天在我奶奶家。
{3} 作賓語。如：
He gave me until tomorrow.
他給我的期限是到明天。
The dog came out from behind the tree.．
狗從樹後出來。（behind the tree 作介詞from 的賓語）
{4} 作定語。如：
She is a woman of strong character.
她是位性格堅強的女人。
The expert will give us a lecture on how to improve soil.
這個專家將給我們作一個如何改良土壤的講座。
{5} 作補語。如：
He woke up and found himself in hospital
他醒來發現自己在醫院裡。（in hospital作賓補）
As a doctor ,he is always patient with the patients
作為一個醫生，他一貫對患者很耐心。（As a doctor 作主補）
{6} 作狀語。如：
I wil be free on Tuesday morning.
星期二上午我有空。（時間狀語）
We’ll meet at the station .
我們將在火車站碰面。（地點狀語）
She covered her face with her hands and cried
她用雙手捂著臉哭。（方式狀語）
He left home and worked in a big city for the sake o f money .
他為了賺錢，離家到一個大城市工作。（目的狀語）
The tree died from want of water .
這棵樹因缺水而死。（原因狀語）
In spite of all his effort ,he failed
儘管他很努力，但還是失敗了。（讓步狀語）
No living thing can live without water.
生物離開水都無法生存。（條件狀語）
With the words, he came into the room他說著話就進來了。（伴隨狀語）
To a great extent, it is not fair .
在很大程度上，這是不公平的。（程度狀語）
In general her works have been good, but this one is dreaful.
總的來說，她的作品很不錯，不過這篇很糟。?( in general 作評註性狀語)
It doesn’t seem ugly to me , on the contrary, I think it’s very beautiful.
我覺得它不醜，恰恰相反，我覺得它很美。（on the cntrary作連線性狀語）
介詞與其他詞類的固定搭配
介詞常常和形容詞、名詞、動詞等構成固定搭配，即某些詞的後面常要求特定的介詞以表示固定的意義。
(1).形容詞與介詞的固定搭配
形容詞與介詞的固定搭配
{1} 形容詞+about
Angry with對……生氣anxious about擔心 calm about對……很平靜
care bout小心 careless about粗心 certain about對……有把握
curious about對……好奇sure about確信doubtful about對……懷疑
enthusiastic about對……熱情的；熱心的 hopeful about對……抱希望
frank about對……坦白的；坦率的incredulous about對……不相信
{2} 形容詞+at
clever at擅長於……expert at對……熟練的good at擅長於……
indignant at對……憤慨的quick at做……敏捷slow at 對……反應慢
surprised at對……吃驚
{3} 形容詞+for
anxious for渴望的 eligible for有資格的famous for因……而著名
fit for對某人適宜 hungry for對……渴望late for遲到
possible for可能 qualified for有資格的ready for準備好
responsible for對……負責 necessary for為……所必需
{4} 形容詞+from
absent from缺席free from使……擺脫prohibited from禁止某事物
safe from安全detached from分開某物different from與……不同
{5} 形容詞+in
absorbed in專心於 disappointed in對……失望experienced in有經驗
expert in 在……熟練fortunate in有幸 interested in對……感興趣
rich in富於；盛產 successful in在……成功
{6} 形容詞+ of
afraid of害怕ashamed of羞恥aware of知道certain of確信
fond of喜愛 guilty of有罪的 proud of驕傲short of缺乏
sick of厭煩tired of厭倦worthy of值得
{7} 形容詞+to
contrary to與……相反determined to有決心的equal to等於
familiar to為……所熟悉favourabel to對……有利harmful to有害的
inclined to準備做某事indifferent to對……不在乎similar to相似；相同
{8} 形容詞+with
angry with對……感到惱火annoyed at對……煩惱busy with忙於
crowded with擁擠familiar with精通；熟悉friendly with與……友好
nervouse with對……感到緊張patient with對……有耐心popularwith受歡迎
satified with對……滿意
{9} 形容詞+on
dependent on依靠intend on堅決；專心 keen on熱衷於某事物 severe on嚴格的
(2). 名詞與介詞的固定搭配
{1} 介詞+名詞。如：
at the cinema在電影院 at university上大學
from……point of view從某人的角度for the sake of為了
in poerty 在窮困中in earnest有決心的
on sale在出售on the average平均的 on the contrary相反地
on the radio 通過收音機 to some extent某種程度
to one’ssurprise讓某人吃驚to one’sdelight讓某人高興
{2} 名詞+介詞。如：
dependence on依靠independence on不依靠
discussion about/on關於……的討論 hundres on數以百計的
thousands of成千上萬的influence on對……的影響
explanationof/for對……的解釋 half of……的一半
the idea of……的主意lack of缺乏
proof of……的證據 reason of……的原因
Responsibility for對……的責任 success in/at在……成功
(3). 動詞與介詞的固定搭配
{1} 動詞+介詞 agree with同意；贊同 arrive at到達 arrive in到達
fall behind 落後 come from來自 sonsist of由……組成
get to到達 hear from收到……來信 hear of聽說
laugh at嘲笑 listen to聽 look after照看；照料
look at看 look for尋找 look like看起來
{2} 動詞+副詞+介詞 catch up with趕上； 超過
do well in在……方面做得好 get on with與某人相處
go on with繼續 take care of關心 take part in參加
備戰聯考必須要注意複合介詞
請看幾道聯考真題：
1. _________ fire, all exits must be kept clear. (天津卷)
A. In place of B. Instead of
C. In case of D. In spite of
2. The open-air celebration has been put off _________ the bad weather. (浙江卷)
A. in case of B. in spite of
C. instead of D. because of
3. I have offered to paint the house _________ a week’s accommodation. (山東卷)
A. in exchange for B. with regard to
C. by means of D. in place of
這三道題的答案分別為CDA。通過這幾道題我們可以看出，聯考英語似乎對“介詞+名詞+介詞”這類複合介詞似乎有著非同尋常的“感情”，所以同學們在平時學習或複習中也不可不重視。本文根據高中英語教材和聯考考試大綱，同時結合近幾年的聯考英語考題情況，為大家總結了以下20個複合介詞，供同學們參考。
1. in advance of 在……前面。如：
He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遙遙領先。
I shall walk a few steps in advance of you. 我將走在你前面幾步。
2. in case of 一旦，以防，如果。如：
In case of fire, call 119. 倘若有火災，就打119電話。
The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 為了防洪，沿河築了堤。
3. in charge of 擔任，指揮，管理，負責照料。如：
He was placed in charge of the department. 他受命管理這個部門。
She is in charge of our class. 她擔任我們的班主任。
4. in course of 在……過程中，在……時，在進行中。如：
The new railway is in course of construction. 新鐵路正在興建當中。
The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的貨正在運輸途中。
5. in danger of 有……的危險。如：
The patient is in danger of death. 病人有死亡的危險。
These goods are in danger of robbery. 這些貨物有被盜的危險。
6. in defense of 保衛，保護，為……辯護。如：
Is there any man unwilling to fight in defense of his country? 難道有誰不願為保衛祖國而戰嗎？
He wrote a book in defense of his doctrine. 他寫了一本書為自己的學說辯護。
7. in favour of 贊成……，以……為受款人。如：
Was he in favour of the death penalty? 他贊成死刑嗎？
Cheques should be written in favour of Mr Smith. 支票上請寫明以史密斯先生為受款人。
8. in front of 在……前面。如：
There is a pond in front of the house. 房屋前面有個池塘。
You shouldn’t discuss that in front of the children. 你不應該當著孩子的面談論那類事。
9. in memory of 紀念……。如：
He founded the charity in memory of his late wife. 他興辦那項慈善事業以紀念他已故的妻子。
A service was held in memory of the dead. 為死者舉行了悼念儀式。
10. in need of 需要……。如：
We are all in need of a rest. 我們全都需要休息。
Are you in need of help? 你需要幫助嗎？
11. in place of 代替。如：
Won’t you go in place of me? 你能代替我去嗎？
Who is here in place of the manager? 誰在這裡代理經理？
12. in possession of 占有，持有，擁有。如：
The chief was in possession of a large quantity of stolen property. 那個頭目占有了大量偷盜來的財產。
Anyone found in possession of this poison will be punished. 凡是被發現擁有此種毒藥者均將受到懲罰。
13. in search of 尋找，尋求。如：
He emigrated to Brazil in search of a better life. 他為尋求更好的生活，移民到巴西。
Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 科學家想研究出治療這種疾病的方法。
14. in spite of 儘管。如：
The match was played in spite of the awful weather. 儘管天氣惡劣，比賽仍然進行。
In spite of all her hard work, she failed her exam. 她雖然很努力，可是考試不及格。
15. in terms of 用……的字眼，從……的觀點。如：
It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科學的字眼來表達它是很困難的。
Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices. 讓每個孩子閱讀根據自己的興趣愛好選擇的書籍。
16. in addition to 除……外。如：
She speaks five foreign languages in addition to English. 除英語外，她還會說五種外語。
In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 6 yuan per month. 除工資外，他每月還有6元錢獎金。
17. instead of 代替，而不是。如：
Use eggs instead of meat. 用雞蛋代替肉。
Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. 咱們玩紙牌吧，別看電視了。
18. in exchange for 用……作為交換。如：
I give his Chinese lessons in exchange for English lessons. 我用漢語課與他換英語課。
I’ll give you three sweets in exchange for an apple. 我拿3塊糖換你一個蘋果。
19. by means of 用，依靠。如 (自www.yygrammar.com)：
He got into the house by means of an open window. 他從一扇開著的窗戶爬進屋去。
They were able to position the yacht by means of radar. 他們能夠用雷達測定快艇的方位。
20. with [in] regard to 關於，就……而論。如：
What did he say with regard to my proposals? 關於我的建議他說了什麼?
最近14年(含2008年)聯考英語語法題詳解
1. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station __________ 5:40 p. m. at the latest. (NMET 1997)A. until B. after
C. by D. around
2. __________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000)
A. As B. For
C. With D. Through
3. The home improvements have taken what little there is __________ my spare time. (NMET 2001)
A. from B. in
C. of D. at
4. I wanted two seats __________ Madame curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. (1998上海卷)
A. of B. about
C. to D. for
5. __________ most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late. (1998上海卷)
A. Like B. As
C. For D. To
6. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen __________ 20 percent. (1999上海卷)
A. by B. at
C. to D. with
7. The sunlight came in __________ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. (2001上海卷)
A. through B. across
C. on D. over
8. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain __________ an inch. (2002上海卷)
A. by B. at
C. to D. from
9. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism __________ the wildlife in the area. (2003上海卷)
A. in B. on
C. at D. with
10. Rose was wild with joy __________ the result of the examination. (2001上海春)
A. to B. at
C. by D. as
11. Marie Curie took little notice __________ the honors that were given to her in her later years. (2002上海春)
A. of B. on
C. about D. from
12. —What do you want __________ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat. (2002北京)
A. by B. for
C. of D. with
13. They had a pleasant chat __________ a cup of tea. (2003北京)
A. for B. with
C. during D. over
14. —You are so lucky.
—What do you mean __________ that? (2002北京春)
A. for B. in
C. of D. by
15.In order to change attitudes__________ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws. (2004北京春)
A. about B. of
C. towards D. on
16. You can’t wear a blue jacket __________ that shirt — it’ll look terrible. (2004湖南卷)
A. on B. above
C. up D. over
17. __________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004北京卷)
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Because of
18. It was a pity that great writer died __________his works unfinished. (2004福建卷)
A. for B. with
C. from D. of
19. I feel that one of my main duties __________ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. (2004廣東卷)
A. for B. by
C. as D. with
20. The accident is reported to have occurred __________the first Sunday in February. (2004上海卷)
A. at B. on
C. in D. to
……
未完，完整檔案請到www.yygrammar.com/Article/download查閱！
【答案及解析】
1. C。by 意為“不遲於(not later than / before)”，表示“在5:40前我必須到達車站。”until 與肯定句連用表示結束的時間，即“我不得不一直呆在車站直到5點40分(就不要在車站了)”。after(在…之後)和 around (大約)與語境不符。
2. C。為 with 複合結構，表原因。
3. C。have taken 後是一個賓語從句，其正常的語序是 what little of my spare time there is，由於調換了詞序，增加了難度。句意為：房屋裝修占去了我僅有的一點業餘時間。
4. D。seat 指車上、戲院、音樂廳等的“座位”; Madame Curie 是電影名稱; 表示“某部電影座位(票)”，用 for。又如 book two seats for the concert 訂兩張音樂會的票。
5. A。介詞 like 意為“像…一樣”。句意為“像大多數學生一樣，她總是做好準備，上課從來不遲到。”。as作為…; for / to sb 對於某人來說。
6. A。表示增加或減少了多少，要用介詞 by。
7. A。表示某物體從內部“穿過”窗戶要用 through。across 指從平面的一邊“橫過”到另一邊; over 指“越過”某個障礙物。
8. A。介詞 by 表示程度。又如 The carpet is too short by three feet.(那地毯短了3英尺)。本題句意為：幸運的是，子彈在距離船長一英尺的地方與他擦肩而過，沒有射中他。
9. B。表示“對…的影響”用 effect on。
10. B。at 表示原因。be wild with joy at?意為“為…而欣喜若狂”。at 常接在某些表示情感變化的形容詞或動詞等後面表示原因。
11. A。take notice of (注意)是固定短語。
12. D。由下文可知，是問箱子的用途。with 表示“用”某種工具。
13. D。over (=while doing / having / eating, etc.)意為“在(做)…期間”。本題取自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》P.1046的 over 詞條的原句。句意為：我們一邊喝茶一邊愉快地聊天。
14. D。What do you mean by that? 意為“你那么說是什麼意思?”。
15. C。an attitude towards / to…為固定搭配。
16. D。因為over可表示“附於某人或某物之上並將之部分或全部遮住”，而其餘三者都無此用法。on在…的表面上(與某物接觸); above高於; up向上。
17. A。因為to worry about是賓語補足語，選項中只有with才能接“賓語+賓補”(複合賓語)。此處用with的複合結構表示原因。
18. B。因為unfinished是賓語his works的補足語。選項中只有with能接“賓語+賓補”，此處用with的複合結構作伴隨狀語。
19. C。因為as 在表示職業、身份的名詞前，意為“作為”。表示“被”的by、表示“和…一起”的with很易排除; 而for是用以引出不定式的邏輯主語，請比較：It is a duty for a teacher to help....
20. B。表示具體的某一天、星期幾，或者具體某天或星期幾的上午、下午或晚上，用介詞on。表示鐘點或時刻用at，還有at noon, at night, at daybreak/dawn。表示年、季度、月份、星期等不是具體的某一天，都用in。
