亞暴注入 Substorm injections
磁層亞暴發生時，近地磁層尾部的能量粒子通量急劇增加，是磁層亞暴最重要的現象之一。儘管此現象在1960年代已經被發現（Arnoldy and Chan, 1969; Winckler, 1970），但是還沒有很滿意的解釋。
相關現象
1、作為最可靠的指標，此現象普遍作為亞暴開始時刻的標誌，幾乎每個亞暴都可以觀察到此現象的發生。
2、注入的粒子包括能量從數十到數百KeV的電子和質子等離子，尚未觀測到有更低能量粒子的注入現象。（cutoff; e.g. Birn et al., 1997a）
3、如果所有能量的粒子同時增強，則把此注入稱為無色散的注入（dispersionless injection，暫譯），而這樣的區域就稱為注入區域（injection region，暫譯），同時把此區域的內邊界稱為 “注入邊界”（injection boundary，暫譯） (McIlwain, 1974; Mauk and McIlwain, 1974; Reeves et al., 1991)
4、一般來說，注入區域從距離地心4.3個Re（地球半徑）到15個Re(Friedel et al., 1996).。
5、此現象易發生於午夜前，局限於一個有限的經度範圍內，與亞暴電流楔（Substorm current wedge ）所處區域相近。(see, e.g., the statistical results by vagina et al., 1996). 一些觀測顯示，電子和質子的注入區域存在沿經度方向的分離，以整個區域的中心經度為準，質子偏西，電子偏東。（Birn et al., 1997a).
6、在注入區域外，由於不同能量的粒子在磁場中有不同的漂移速度，因此會出現不同能量粒子的散射。除能量散射外，還觀測到了投擲角散射。(Walker et al., 1978; Greenspan et al., 1985). 注意通過對粒子在磁場中漂移的反演，由能量散射導致的通量增加，可估計最初注入位置的經度和發生時間。(e.g., Reeves et al., 1991; Shukhtina and Sergeev, 1991)
7、此現象常與本地磁場偶極化相關，尤其是無散射的注入。磁場的變化伴隨著強烈的感應電場。（e.g., Aggson et al.,1983）
8、與其他的亞暴現象一樣，此現象顯示了亞暴當時的精細結構。(e.g., Belian et al., 1984)
參考目錄
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編輯說明
本詞條翻譯自相關連結，尚未完成，也可能存在翻譯的錯誤，一些名詞尚不確定，還請大家指正
