Biographical
Ferdinand Verbiest, Dun primary word, word and Xun Qing (1623 Ferdinand 88202852.5) on October 9, 1641 - September 29 into the Society of Jesus in 1675, Ferdinand Verbiest has made a man reputation of performance rebellion was Wu Sangui, the Qing forces to engage and defeat the rebels because of the Satrap rebellion was Wu Sangui, the Qing forces to engage and defeat the rebels because of the Satrap .
entrenched himself in the mountains, as well as non - cannon cannot attack entrenched himself in the mountains, as well as non - cannon cannot attack . Ferdinand Verbiest was the popular cast by artillery repair Ferdinand Verbiest was the popular cast by artillery repair .
Schall, Ferdinand Verbiest worked on the livelihood of a large number of other advantageous engineering: such as canalization, the dredging effect in Schall, Ferdinand Verbiest worked on the livelihood of a large number of other advantageous engineering: such as canalization, the dredging effect in . doing heavy work at the same time,He never ignore the propaganda of tasks for the doing heavy work at the same time,He never ignore the propaganda of tasks for the .
in 1676, the Jesuit Ferdinand Verbiest was appointed deputy provincial Fr in 1676, the Jesuit Ferdinand Verbiest was appointed deputy provincial Fr . by his modesty, urgent efforts to spare no effort;But discipline, Shirong like dirt, to adhere to the poor, and mortify;He Xiu will scrupulously abide by duties, depending on the wealth and rank are like clouds scudding " by his modesty, urgent efforts to spare no effort;But discipline, Shirong like dirt, to adhere to the poor, and mortify;He Xiu will scrupulously abide by duties, depending on the wealth and rank are like clouds scudding ".
Nan Huairen had been harboring the desired dominant lethal, to the height of his stamina to withstand, who suffers from pain of Nan Huairen had been harboring the desired dominant lethal, to the height of his stamina to withstand, who suffers from pain of . 1688, having received the sacrament of extreme unction, which he held the main Huai An, at age 65 1688, having received the sacrament of extreme unction, which he held the main Huai An, at age 65 .
Astronomical Almanac
View A Battle Of Wits Three Days
In 1669 2 People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China, at Beijing Observatory, through actual observation found, Ferdinand Verbiest's reckoning of solar latitude with an actual test result is the same as In 1669 2 People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China, at Beijing Observatory, through actual observation found, Ferdinand Verbiest's reckoning of solar latitude with an actual test result is the same as . Nan Huairen defeated Oboi in support of the imperial astronomer Yang Guangxian, to his knowledge of astronomy, the former boss and friend, Johann Adam Schall von Bell, who was a second inverse Nan Huairen defeated Oboi in support of the imperial astronomer Yang Guangxian, to his knowledge of astronomy, the former boss and friend, Johann Adam Schall von Bell, who was a second inverse .
March 11 by Ferdinand Verbiest suggested the minister in charge of Astronomy from March 11 by Ferdinand Verbiest suggested the minister in charge of Astronomy from ., Ferdinand Verbiest's meteoric rise, highly esteemed by Emperor, even ours , Ferdinand Verbiest's meteoric rise, highly esteemed by Emperor, even ours .
was an officer of the Ministry of Works in Late Ming Dynasty, the Western Jesuit coming to China was an officer of the Ministry of Works in Late Ming Dynasty, the Western Jesuit coming to China . they preach, teach western scientific knowledge, where Matteo Ricci,Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest's most famous they preach, teach western scientific knowledge, where Matteo Ricci,Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest's most famous .
Shunzhi, Schall in charge of Astronomy, involved amending the calendar Shunzhi, Schall in charge of Astronomy, involved amending the calendar . new calendar called "Law of the People's Republic of China, the world new calendar called "Law of the People's Republic of China, the world .
dying when Shunzhi, Yee, Prince due to a very early age, want to establish the empress dowager dying when Shunzhi, Yee, Prince due to a very early age, want to establish the empress dowager . mean Lihuang third son Xuanye, sought the advice of Johann Adam Schall von Bell mean Lihuang third son Xuanye, sought the advice of Johann Adam Schall von Bell .
Schall. Xuan Ye had smallpox would last for the lifetime of immunity, the empress of the Shunzhi's support for the comments died after 8 years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, he succeeded to the throne, in Four ministers by Sony, Sukesaha, thlaspi Bilong, tell him to get a coalition, not only is the man behind died after 8 years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, he succeeded to the throne, in Four ministers by Sony, Sukesaha, thlaspi Bilong, tell him to get a coalition, not only is the man behind .
Oboi was able to maintain their Shunzhi when missionaries of courtesy, but soon afterward,Schall, a large number of Western missionaries by Yang Guangxian of trumped - up charges, thrown into prison for three years Oboi was able to maintain their Shunzhi when missionaries of courtesy, but soon afterward,Schall, a large number of Western missionaries by Yang Guangxian of trumped - up charges, thrown into prison for three years . the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1664), a man named Yang Guang - xian people claiming to know the astronomical calendar, petitioned the imperial court, he distributed leaflets which falsely accused him of Schall the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1664), a man named Yang Guang - xian people claiming to know the astronomical calendar, petitioned the imperial court, he distributed leaflets which falsely accused him of Schall .
Schall "" only for the past 200 years, hundreds of millions of Wannian Qing dynasty, the Qing Dynasty lived Isn't this a spell?Ministers decide to let Yang Guang - xian and Schall in the Meridian Gate before the test results of test Schall "" only for the past 200 years, hundreds of millions of Wannian Qing dynasty, the Qing Dynasty lived Isn't this a spell?Ministers decide to let Yang Guang - xian and Schall in the Meridian Gate before the test results of test . ministers do not understand, the young Kangxi also do not understand, and later for the Observatory (today's Jianguo Menwai continued observation of the Observatory) ministers do not understand, the young Kangxi also do not understand, and later for the Observatory (today's Jianguo Menwai continued observation of the Observatory) .
results or to read, but you make your decision, Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest was put in prison by deputy, and the like results or to read, but you make your decision, Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest was put in prison by deputy, and the like . - - People of Schall wearing 8 chains, a tiny wooden bed, trembling, still holds a telescope for an eclipse - - People of Schall wearing 8 chains, a tiny wooden bed, trembling, still holds a telescope for an eclipse .
Kangxi four years (1665) in March, the Minister Oboi, Johann Adam Schall yon Bell's death, and five officials of the departments in charge of Astronomy and called the name of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang Kangxi four years (1665) in March, the Minister Oboi, Johann Adam Schall yon Bell's death, and five officials of the departments in charge of Astronomy and called the name of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang . Schall is of the opinion that there is a disproportionate punishment,Twice - reconsideration, Johann Adam Schall yon Bell's death, but because of the debility of old people still in 1666 July died uncleared Schall is of the opinion that there is a disproportionate punishment,Twice - reconsideration, Johann Adam Schall yon Bell's death, but because of the debility of old people still in 1666 July died uncleared .
Soon, restored the old imperial government, the abolition of the " Soon, restored the old imperial government, the abolition of the ". Yang Guangxian, and on the other hand, it was upgraded to a Deputy in Charge of Astronomy, Astronomy and l is a positive fact Yang Guangxian, and on the other hand, it was upgraded to a Deputy in Charge of Astronomy, Astronomy and l is a positive fact .
Yang Guangxian is incompetent in the study of mathematics and astronomy, calendrical calculation mistakes Yang Guangxian is incompetent in the study of mathematics and astronomy, calendrical calculation mistakes . earthquake occurred in 1668, Ferdinand Verbiest's saying it's because of the earthquake, whose pseudonym is Rickie.A DVD called the, report Yang Guang - xian, etc in the calendar, the test aspect of serious
already taken over the reins of Kangxi very cautiously, he repeatedly called Yang Guang - xian and Ferdinand Verbiest's back to the palace to publicly quiz,Let's see who is the more accurate algorithm already taken over the reins of Kangxi very cautiously, he repeatedly called Yang Guang - xian and Ferdinand Verbiest's back to the palace to publicly quiz,Let's see who is the more accurate algorithm . 1668 on Dec. 27 to 29 October, Ferdinand Verbiest to gnomon observations confirm his calculations of the position of the sun and the sun's position is the same as that of the actual
February 1, 1669, Ferdinand Verbiest to Observatory, is Mars and the sun position of observation is preparing for a February 1, 1669, Ferdinand Verbiest to Observatory, is Mars and the sun position of observation is preparing for a . there is disposed a equinox, the ecliptic armillary sphere, a bronze of the quadrant, sextant iron there is disposed a equinox, the ecliptic armillary sphere, a bronze of the quadrant, sextant iron .
he adjusted the ring of the armillary sphere and sighting device, in the direction of the quadrant and alidade he adjusted the ring of the armillary sphere and sighting device, in the direction of the quadrant and alidade . on Feb. 3, the Martian is indeed Armillary Sphere diopter position opposite the sun in a sextant and quadrant by the alignment of the sighting position,He was consistent with the estimated
1669 on Feb. 18, noon, and crawfish supported Ferdinand Verbiest worship of the imperial astronomer Yang Guangxian showdown to Bishushanzhuang "calendars, it is difficult to rapidly set", and orders the sea mew of FIG. 20 jointly with the officials of Astronomy, Observatory were used as tested
Nan Huairen again for observing the solar latitude, which in turn are obtained to calculate the latitude of the sun with the actual testing of the sun on the same latitude as the result of Nan Huairen again for observing the solar latitude, which in turn are obtained to calculate the latitude of the sun with the actual testing of the sun on the same latitude as the result of . night, And he's had from equinox to solstice the ecliptic armillary sphere for the observation of the position of the Moon, with the result calculated in terms of the agreement night, And he's had from equinox to solstice the ecliptic armillary sphere for the observation of the position of the Moon, with the result calculated in terms of the agreement .
observation time is determined beforehand by calculation,Ferdinand Verbiest also tore a 2 - foot diameter globe which brought the observatory, to accompany officials to explain his observation of observation time is determined beforehand by calculation,Ferdinand Verbiest also tore a 2 - foot diameter globe which brought the observatory, to accompany officials to explain his observation of . in the face of the test results, Yang Guang - xian still defend himself, accused of Ferdinand Verbiest to Shun. It destroyed popular instrument, that instrument of western "
however, rhetoric again however, rhetoric again . doesn't shake the emperor due to Yang Guang - xian and the like by calculation and the measured discrepancy, Ferdinand Verbiest of the Observatory are calculated with the measured, finally, toppled by the Kangxi Emperor Yang Guang - xian Schall were trumped - up case, and charged in connection with the Schall is a vindication of the deceased doesn't shake the emperor due to Yang Guang - xian and the like by calculation and the measured discrepancy, Ferdinand Verbiest of the Observatory are calculated with the measured, finally, toppled by the Kangxi Emperor Yang Guang - xian Schall were trumped - up case, and charged in connection with the Schall is a vindication of the deceased .
Yang Guangxian was sentenced to death, but he got old, he was (Yang resigns from office and died on the way home) Yang Guangxian was sentenced to death, but he got old, he was (Yang resigns from office and died on the way home) .
Achievement
On March 11, 1669, Ferdinand Verbiest suggested by the minister in charge of Astronomy On March 11, 1669, Ferdinand Verbiest suggested by the minister in charge of Astronomy .
Casting Cannon
In the Qing Dynasty, because of the counterinsurgency war, resist aggression and unified China, Emperor Kangxi once abundant in gunnery In the Qing Dynasty, because of the counterinsurgency war, resist aggression and unified China, Emperor Kangxi once abundant in gunnery . from fourteen years to sixty years of Kangxi (1675 - 1721), the Qing government made various types of artillery up to 905 door much from fourteen years to sixty years of Kangxi (1675 - 1721), the Qing government made various types of artillery up to 905 door much .
in coins and cannons the size, number and kind, and in making cannons and gun performance aspect, all of which are in the highest level of development of Qing dynasty cannons in coins and cannons the size, number and kind, and in making cannons and gun performance aspect, all of which are in the highest level of development of Qing dynasty cannons . while Ferdinand Verbiest's about to make an enormous contribution to while Ferdinand Verbiest's about to make an enormous contribution to .
although some western missionaries were not willing to manufacture these vast arsenal, but dared not disobey of the Shang, the brothers had to bite the bullet and although some western missionaries were not willing to manufacture these vast arsenal, but dared not disobey of the Shang, the brothers had to bite the bullet and . So artillery after casting, both ordinations, for God's like,to teach a sage in printed his name on, and to report to the pope, the pope's permission So artillery after casting, both ordinations, for God's like,to teach a sage in printed his name on, and to report to the pope, the pope's permission .
by historical records, Ferdinand Verbiest in 1674 - 1676, manufacturing lightweight wooden gun and copper cannon from 132 red door, in 1681, made of a divine generals gun gate 240 and, later, a red door 53 is made of a cannon, Wucheng Yonggu gate 61, the General of the Artillery, General Cannon Skill door by historical records, Ferdinand Verbiest in 1674 - 1676, manufacturing lightweight wooden gun and copper cannon from 132 red door, in 1681, made of a divine generals gun gate 240 and, later, a red door 53 is made of a cannon, Wucheng Yonggu gate 61, the General of the Artillery, General Cannon Skill door . 80 Therefore, Ferdinand Verbiest's artillery - making at least the number of 566 door 80 Therefore, Ferdinand Verbiest's artillery - making at least the number of 566 door .
THE EUROPEAN design of artillery with three when he was elected to the national classics in Qing Dynasty emperor of the Qing Code " THE EUROPEAN design of artillery with three when he was elected to the national classics in Qing Dynasty emperor of the Qing Code ". First of all, there is the divine generals" pop", and "Wu Cheng Yonggu Great General" cannons,"Shengong" gun First of all, there is the divine generals" pop", and "Wu Cheng Yonggu Great General" cannons,"Shengong" gun .
Ferdinand Verbiest, in recognition of artillery - making active - Kangxi's twenty - one on the tenth day of April, 1682 (May 16) plus the imperial decree of Ferdinand Verbiest Ministry official title, but I add Ferdinand Verbiest, in recognition of artillery - making active - Kangxi's twenty - one on the tenth day of April, 1682 (May 16) plus the imperial decree of Ferdinand Verbiest Ministry official title, but I add . Nan Huairen manufactured artillery, Nan Huairen manufactured artillery, .
still lingers in Beijing's Historic Museum, will be a permanent artillery commander Wu Cheng still lingers in Beijing's Historic Museum, will be a permanent artillery commander Wu Cheng . Nan Huairen Qing artillery technology development of another great contribution of artillery "gun" is studied systematically, and monographs written Nan Huairen Qing artillery technology development of another great contribution of artillery "gun" is studied systematically, and monographs written .
Kangxi's twenty - one (1682) January 27, 2013.Ferdinand Verbiest Felix Frankfurter "shenwei" and a book book deals mainly with the divine generals gun of the "yardstick", states that "for it, to prepare by 26 questions and theories, FIG. 44, and end the addend which is the same as that of the usage of the"
"shenwei" and was never printed, relevant gunnery theory seems to have been lost, however, 1683) Ferdinand Verbiest in their book "- - a theory which states that push the book, with nearly 21 pages long, divided into 16 headings, which" is on the stars of "to" correct the gun ", how to use his" cannonball Distance Proportion,Altimeter "Cannonball", "pushing objects far and near, high and low passage of the instrument", "Cannonball by starting and ending row of the table as soon as it's micro - seconds" and the" rule of three "and so on of content "shenwei" and was never printed, relevant gunnery theory seems to have been lost, however, 1683) Ferdinand Verbiest in their book "- - a theory which states that push the book, with nearly 21 pages long, divided into 16 headings, which" is on the stars of "to" correct the gun ", how to use his" cannonball Distance Proportion,Altimeter "Cannonball", "pushing objects far and near, high and low passage of the instrument", "Cannonball by starting and ending row of the table as soon as it's micro - seconds" and the" rule of three "and so on of content . Ferdinand Verbiest's" quasi - Gun" contains two aspects: it is" right in front of the stars of "gun to correct deflection, which can improve the shooting accuracy of Ferdinand Verbiest's" quasi - Gun" contains two aspects: it is" right in front of the stars of "gun to correct deflection, which can improve the shooting accuracy of .
again is based on distance to the target, and determines the gun elevation, so that the munition impacts a target again is based on distance to the target, and determines the gun elevation, so that the munition impacts a target .
Map - Making And Communication Geography
Ferdinand Verbiest not only for the Chinese almanac, with the development of artillery of the cast contributes greatly to the Chinese people in the open to the world of the visual field there is still a major contribution to Ferdinand Verbiest not only for the Chinese almanac, with the development of artillery of the cast contributes greatly to the Chinese people in the open to the world of the visual field there is still a major contribution to . Ferdinand Verbiest, who has edited several works on geography, drawing several maps, they become the 17th - century geography and cartography in China in the development of the logo Ferdinand Verbiest, who has edited several works on geography, drawing several maps, they become the 17th - century geography and cartography in China in the development of the logo .
these writings mostly on aweekly basis to 17 in the 1960s and 1970s these writings mostly on aweekly basis to 17 in the 1960s and 1970s .: Seeing the west Ji "volume (1669), the World Map" and Volume II (1674), the World Map outer Ji "volume,A Brief Survey of the "s" volume (1676) : Seeing the west Ji "volume (1669), the World Map" and Volume II (1674), the World Map outer Ji "volume,A Brief Survey of the "s" volume (1676) .
Nan Huairen in and Lee Evans and amphetamine type Si residing together in East Hall, on 26 December 1668, Kangxi (23 November 2007), the Kangxi Emperor sent them with his inquiries concerning the European customs, customs etc. shortly, i.e. in the spring of 1669, they filed a three man to the emperor of the Emperor" in the west Ji "
This is the first of its kind to be Ferdinand Verbiest's geography extensively, involving general geography of Europe, as well as social and cultural aspects of life This is the first of its kind to be Ferdinand Verbiest's geography extensively, involving general geography of Europe, as well as social and cultural aspects of life ." Western to Ji "volume, including land, the journey, the ship, the sea, the produce of the manufacture,Western dress, customs, trade, catering, medical, temperament, a poor - house, palaces, fortresses and war preparation, marriage, the Sharia (Islamic law), a total of 21 Western people like " Western to Ji "volume, including land, the journey, the ship, the sea, the produce of the manufacture,Western dress, customs, trade, catering, medical, temperament, a poor - house, palaces, fortresses and war preparation, marriage, the Sharia (Islamic law), a total of 21 Western people like .
Ferdinand Verbiest in the "west" of the end, didn't forget the Catholic emphasis on European civilization and the Chinese emperors granted missionaries to Offer Hongen expressed gratitude Ferdinand Verbiest in the "west" of the end, didn't forget the Catholic emphasis on European civilization and the Chinese emperors granted missionaries to Offer Hongen expressed gratitude . 1674, Ferdinand Verbiest's" Earth "and published the book in Beijing 1674, Ferdinand Verbiest's" Earth "and published the book in Beijing .
(Jan. 18,1689 - Feb.10, 1755), Volume II, in order to explain the same year by" Earth Total Graph "; rollup includes: the body of the circle, the north and south poles of the Earth, earthquakes, mountains, is the movement of the seawater at the end of the world, tides, rivers,World famous river, gas lines, wind, clouds and showers, four rows of sequence and its shape character; Volume II: King of States, and to various islands in the theory of life, then 14, ink and various countries and the theory of life, then the island 14, the ink W wax's California, and the world always say that, as a sea, ocean, sea, sea ship like rollup includes: the body of the circle, the north and south poles of the Earth, earthquakes, mountains, is the movement of the seawater at the end of the world, tides, rivers,World famous river, gas lines, wind, clouds and showers, four rows of sequence and its shape character; Volume II: King of States, and to various islands in the theory of life, then 14, ink and various countries and the theory of life, then the island 14, the ink W wax's California, and the world always say that, as a sea, ocean, sea, sea ship like .
under the end attached foreign matter, and animals (birds, animals, fish, insects and the like) 23, and seven during an odd field, i.e., the world of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and the like, a total of 32 picture World Map "of the content, on the roll of common sense as the physical geography, the volume of content, much as the human geography, with regard to the five continents, and as a result of the- from "Zhi" while some said the new World Map "of the content, on the roll of common sense as the physical geography, the volume of content, much as the human geography, with regard to the five continents, and as a result of the- from "Zhi" while some said the new .
's De - zhuan "volume, was published and distributed in Beijing have 's De - zhuan "volume, was published and distributed in Beijing have . book of Xu - guangqi and Zhangsun Jue' (1680 - 1603) of the write sequence is actually book of Xu - guangqi and Zhangsun Jue' (1680 - 1603) of the write sequence is actually .
World Map Illustrated Compendium of FIG. 1, but omitting the map aspect of almost all knowledge is only mentioned world tales, such as animals, plants, Wonders of the Ancient World, and other rare, short stories, a few choice words, many were already found in the World Map" or "level" and other books world tales, such as animals, plants, Wonders of the Ancient World, and other rare, short stories, a few choice words, many were already found in the World Map" or "level" and other books .
's De - zhuan "are mentioned in cosmology, geography and natural science of general knowledge,Geography and only schematically to Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, Australia and Antarctica, and in the case of a content from the "Earth Total Graph" and "Map" and 's De - zhuan "are mentioned in cosmology, geography and natural science of general knowledge,Geography and only schematically to Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, Australia and Antarctica, and in the case of a content from the "Earth Total Graph" and "Map" and . Nan Huairen in 1674 (the 13th) completed the Kangxi's Kun yu quan tu draw Nan Huairen in 1674 (the 13th) completed the Kangxi's Kun yu quan tu draw .
which woodcuts, pigmented, by two hemispherical components more which woodcuts, pigmented, by two hemispherical components more . Old World in Asia, Europe and Africa;Western Hemisphere throughout North America and South America Old World in Asia, Europe and Africa;Western Hemisphere throughout North America and South America .
hemisphere of FIG. 150 cm in diameter, i.e. to a scale of 1: 1700 million the entire map is divided into eight long sheets (each about 180 cm * 50 cm), hemispheres, each with three, the head and tail of the note This figure accounted for two the entire map is divided into eight long sheets (each about 180 cm * 50 cm), hemispheres, each with three, the head and tail of the note This figure accounted for two .
using stereographic projection, this is Europe in the late 16th century and 17th century and the beginning of the mapping method of FIG. on both the wefts to ten degrees divided by the Prefecture of Shuntian on both the wefts to ten degrees divided by the Prefecture of Shuntian .
prime meridian, the eastern hemisphere. The continuous line scale latitude at the equator is zero degrees, south latitude of latitude at the equator is zero degrees, south latitude of .
FIG. And on the south, and south of the Tropic of Cancer,Arctic Circle line 's Kun yu quan tu web is large, in addition to the main portion representing the continents (King, Ou UNGRATEFUL Ma Chau, Asia, and sub ink, the ink W wax's California, Alan and new media), Ferdinand Verbiest in FIG. 14 was distributed at the periphery of the large annotation text, helping to explain natural phenomena, especially weather phenomenon
they are respectively entitled: On line four, On the north and south poles, the circle's research, the theory circle of the body, On a rain - cloud of the tides, wind, tides, On, and On is the movement of the seawater, On, On, On, On mountains they are respectively entitled: On line four, On the north and south poles, the circle's research, the theory circle of the body, On a rain - cloud of the tides, wind, tides, On, and On is the movement of the seawater, On, On, On, On mountains . FIG. There is also an annotated text and illustration of the geographical names,and have the appearance of different types of Sailing for Europe, as well as land and sea in dozens of exotic animals in
Nan Huairen's Kun yu quan tu Notes in text, propaganda has many aspects of geography knowledge Nan Huairen's Kun yu quan tu Notes in text, propaganda has many aspects of geography knowledge . explained what was going on, because Earth is a sphere having the various natural phenomena, due to earth movement caused by the rhythm of the tides, rain and clouds of vapour condenses, and wind affect navigation on the high seas of the monsoon, across different climate conditions at the regional and cultural differences, and the origin of the river, the mountains being formed, air movement,, Ferdinand Verbiest was also criticized by the Chinese people's natural phenomena as superstition,As related to lunar eclipses and earthquakes of the erroneous idea
"Earth Total Graph" on the annotation content with the "Map" and the relationship between, the many of exactly the same, there are also some additions, deletions, and modifications were made by "Earth Total Graph" on the annotation content with the "Map" and the relationship between, the many of exactly the same, there are also some additions, deletions, and modifications were made by . Nan Huairen's Kun yu quan tu "with Matteo Ricci's The Great Universal Geographic Map", is a Jesuit missionaries to draw the map of the world's most influential Nan Huairen's Kun yu quan tu "with Matteo Ricci's The Great Universal Geographic Map", is a Jesuit missionaries to draw the map of the world's most influential .
Ferdinand Verbiest in the colonial period, in addition to the compilation of books, maps, the actual participation of survey work Ferdinand Verbiest in the colonial period, in addition to the compilation of books, maps, the actual participation of survey work . as early as he manufactured astronomical instruments before, he and Lee Evans and amphetamine type Si, a measuring instrument, the eldest son of the odometer.1669 to April 4, 2008 (March 4) emperor of Kangxi emperor (
1685 Kangxi 24th, Ferdinand Verbiest's lab produced over a measured distance to the 1685 Kangxi 24th, Ferdinand Verbiest's lab produced over a measured distance to the ., he also noted the latitude and longitude is measured in the , he also noted the latitude and longitude is measured in the .
"ESCAPEMENT" Volume 3 "and" ESCAPEMENT "FIG. a, a, and FIG. 2 a backlashes, Ferdinand Verbiest describes in both land - and sea - based method of measuring longitude Nan Huairen twice with driver clumsily across the country during the period of observations along the way across the Arctic and the height of the measurement, which is working to become a large - scale mapping of pilot work Nan Huairen twice with driver clumsily across the country during the period of observations along the way across the Arctic and the height of the measurement, which is working to become a large - scale mapping of pilot work .
Ferdinand Verbiest also presides over the suburb of Beijing Wanquanhe of dredging,the capital and outside Subdistrict of photogrammetry Ferdinand Verbiest also presides over the suburb of Beijing Wanquanhe of dredging,the capital and outside Subdistrict of photogrammetry .
Disseminating Scientific And Mechanical Activities Of Practice
Ferdinand Verbiest Bowen pluripotent, deep fine western scientific Ferdinand Verbiest Bowen pluripotent, deep fine western scientific . "European astronomy book's content covers virtually every city in China was introduced in almost all western science "European astronomy book's content covers virtually every city in China was introduced in almost all western science .
Ferdinand Verbiest in works cited in Wells's" Geometry" in the proposition, and many of the geometrical knowledge was introduced to China in Ferdinand Verbiest in works cited in Wells's" Geometry" in the proposition, and many of the geometrical knowledge was introduced to China in . "ESCAPEMENT", and several drawings represent the geometric construction of knowledge in the geometrical construction of "ESCAPEMENT", and several drawings represent the geometric construction of knowledge in the geometrical construction of .
introduced at the same time, also introduces the western use of drawing and measuring tool, introduced at the same time, also introduces the western use of drawing and measuring tool, . Nan Huairen in "ESCAPEMENT", (1674) and "Xue" (1683) in two books, and introduces the basics, including gravity, weight,center of gravity, gravity, buoyancy, material strength, a pendulum that is free - fall motion by using the knowledge of the Nan Huairen in "ESCAPEMENT", (1674) and "Xue" (1683) in two books, and introduces the basics, including gravity, weight,center of gravity, gravity, buoyancy, material strength, a pendulum that is free - fall motion by using the knowledge of the .
also gives an account of light refraction and dispersion) of knowledge also gives an account of light refraction and dispersion) of knowledge . Nan Huairen in "Western Tushuo", an introduction to some of the many aspects of knowledge Nan Huairen in "Western Tushuo", an introduction to some of the many aspects of knowledge .
another of his writings were not printed in the "Xue" also contains an adequate body of knowledge of our simple another of his writings were not printed in the "Xue" also contains an adequate body of knowledge of our simple . 's Thorough Inquiry on 26 August 1683 Kangxi period (October 16) Felix Frankfurter, in 60 volumes, Ferdinand Verbiest was the most important book, a book which according to "Gewu poor rationale, the concept of a conventionally well - known as a combination of chinese writings was compiled,At that time is an integration of the Western learning, this book is the only remnant transcript 's Thorough Inquiry on 26 August 1683 Kangxi period (October 16) Felix Frankfurter, in 60 volumes, Ferdinand Verbiest was the most important book, a book which according to "Gewu poor rationale, the concept of a conventionally well - known as a combination of chinese writings was compiled,At that time is an integration of the Western learning, this book is the only remnant transcript .
in ten volumes on "Qiong" and "Science", Vol. 7, the severity of thrust "(for a total of 131), there are 82 sections is about simple mechanical knowledge describes in detail the balance, and the like, levers, pulleys, wheel and circular cane of six simple machines of nature, principle, calculation and application of describes in detail the balance, and the like, levers, pulleys, wheel and circular cane of six simple machines of nature, principle, calculation and application of .
Ferdinand Verbiest is not only possible to discern its propagation and mechanical engineering aspects of knowledge, but to actually participate in the mechanical engineering aspects of practice activities Ferdinand Verbiest is not only possible to discern its propagation and mechanical engineering aspects of knowledge, but to actually participate in the mechanical engineering aspects of practice activities . for attend Beijing shortly after Ferdinand Verbiest, Johann Adam Schall von Bell he assisted accomplished something quite difficult.This is to try to have my morsel of weighing 12 tons of bells hung in the belfry of Johann Adam Schall von Bell and Ferdinand Verbiest
spot inspection after, agreed on the move and lift the bells of the scheme using the movable pulleys and pulley blocks spot inspection after, agreed on the move and lift the bells of the scheme using the movable pulleys and pulley blocks . 1661 in April, a day when they are under the command of the 200 artisans operating together, finally the bells are moved to predetermined positions of the 1661 in April, a day when they are under the command of the 200 artisans operating together, finally the bells are moved to predetermined positions of the .
Nan Huairen in 1669 by Kangxi (2008) is re - enabled, back of Astronomy Ren, he's going to be in the running of the calendars, making the instrument of the observatory at the same time,to aim to complete the work with Astronomy as irrelevant to the important task of transporting the mausoleums of Dashi memorial archway of stone over the Lugou Bridge Nan Huairen in 1669 by Kangxi (2008) is re - enabled, back of Astronomy Ren, he's going to be in the running of the calendars, making the instrument of the observatory at the same time,to aim to complete the work with Astronomy as irrelevant to the important task of transporting the mausoleums of Dashi memorial archway of stone over the Lugou Bridge . stones weigh 12 tons, placing the wheels 16 of the king on a plate, a sleeve 300 horses to pull, so many of the horses in the close confines of the bridge, it is difficult, if not unified pace, crowded jumping horses, it is possible to produce an estimate of the great shock in the stones weigh 12 tons, placing the wheels 16 of the king on a plate, a sleeve 300 horses to pull, so many of the horses in the close confines of the bridge, it is difficult, if not unified pace, crowded jumping horses, it is possible to produce an estimate of the great shock in the .
in this case, this centuries - old lugouqiao bridge probably cannot hold out in this case, this centuries - old lugouqiao bridge probably cannot hold out . Nan Huairen had been beliees that adaptation of the traction winch to the most reliable Nan Huairen had been beliees that adaptation of the traction winch to the most reliable .
his programme has been adopted by Labor Secretary, in his personal guidance,made of boulders was enough to pull the pulleys and the winch his programme has been adopted by Labor Secretary, in his personal guidance,made of boulders was enough to pull the pulleys and the winch . transporting stone bridge on the day of Works, and served the emperor ordered by transporting stone bridge on the day of Works, and served the emperor ordered by .
went to the site of the bridge to the west of this line are fitted with a winch, each winch 8 pushes the Dahan;To the east of the bridge 6 in eastern and western ends of the capstan winch went to the site of the bridge to the west of this line are fitted with a winch, each winch 8 pushes the Dahan;To the east of the bridge 6 in eastern and western ends of the capstan winch . .
in the east end of the winch with thick ropes attached in the east end of the winch with thick ropes attached . start command, and was a great deal of winch pulls the rope, the rope traction with rounds of the ballista and transported safely passed the Lugouqiao start command, and was a great deal of winch pulls the rope, the rope traction with rounds of the ballista and transported safely passed the Lugouqiao .
of the same year in October and November, in the same way to turn the mausoleums had been used in the other of a giant stone safely across the lugouqiao of the same year in October and November, in the same way to turn the mausoleums had been used in the other of a giant stone safely across the lugouqiao . Ferdinand Verbiest's scheme was a great success and Ferdinand Verbiest's scheme was a great success and .
in machinery manufacturing, Ferdinand Verbiest in China was carried out with the earliest experiments, is the use of a certain temperature and pressure of the steam spray cycle, and in which the impeller rotates,so as to drive the rotating shaft so as to obtain power in machinery manufacturing, Ferdinand Verbiest in China was carried out with the earliest experiments, is the use of a certain temperature and pressure of the steam spray cycle, and in which the impeller rotates,so as to drive the rotating shaft so as to obtain power . this experiment in his" European Astronomy "of" pneumatics", in the chapter contained detailed descriptions of the this experiment in his" European Astronomy "of" pneumatics", in the chapter contained detailed descriptions of the .
Russia's Participation In Diplomacy
Ferdinand Verbiest was the scene of Qing Dynasty services involves many fields, in addition to the above described, the Kangxi Emperor and his science teacher, he had a five - month period, from dawn to dusk for the emperor to teach geometry and astronomy, but also the "Geometry" were translated into Manchu, accompanied the patrol, along the way for the emperor sky geodesic Ferdinand Verbiest was the scene of Qing Dynasty services involves many fields, in addition to the above described, the Kangxi Emperor and his science teacher, he had a five - month period, from dawn to dusk for the emperor to teach geometry and astronomy, but also the "Geometry" were translated into Manchu, accompanied the patrol, along the way for the emperor sky geodesic . the Kangxi Emperor's later interest in the natural sciences, European missionaries of the tolerant attitude, should say to Ferdinand Verbiest has something to do with the Kangxi Emperor's later interest in the natural sciences, European missionaries of the tolerant attitude, should say to Ferdinand Verbiest has something to do with .
Ferdinand Verbiest in China and Russia diplomatic engagement in important and indispensable role Ferdinand Verbiest in China and Russia diplomatic engagement in important and indispensable role . 1676 dated 15 May (15 April) on New Year's Day the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty,Tsarist Russia dispatched a special envoy of the Academy of Lai (Nikolai G., 1636 - 1708) such as a row
The envoys arrived in Beijing though mastery of Greek, Latin and other European languages, but any Oriental language The envoys arrived in Beijing though mastery of Greek, Latin and other European languages, but any Oriental language . familiarity with many European languages is proficient in Chinese and Manchu of Ferdinand Verbiest to become the China - Russia bridge familiarity with many European languages is proficient in Chinese and Manchu of Ferdinand Verbiest to become the China - Russia bridge .
Ferdinand Verbiest in the Russian Mission in Beijing for a stay of several months (between May and September), and had a lot of translation work Ferdinand Verbiest in the Russian Mission in Beijing for a stay of several months (between May and September), and had a lot of translation work . as his interpreter, attend the China - Russia bilateral talks, and translation of some official documents,He will be the Tsar to the Chinese emperor and the Qing government to government negotiations of article 12 of the Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities in Chinese;And some Chinese documents translated Latin as his interpreter, attend the China - Russia bilateral talks, and translation of some official documents,He will be the Tsar to the Chinese emperor and the Qing government to government negotiations of article 12 of the Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities in Chinese;And some Chinese documents translated Latin .
Jesuit Ferdinand Verbiest hopes to start a route from Europe arrived in the country, through the Russian lines of communication, and the bridge passage to Russia for the sake of the interests of the Jesuit Ferdinand Verbiest hopes to start a route from Europe arrived in the country, through the Russian lines of communication, and the bridge passage to Russia for the sake of the interests of the . Jesuits, Ferdinand Verbiest in seeking opportunities to enter Moscow, so he gave due to the Kangxi Emperor's trust to be recognized by the Qing court in the case of the diplomacy, told Russian ambassadors, envoys from Russia to know China's goal Jesuits, Ferdinand Verbiest in seeking opportunities to enter Moscow, so he gave due to the Kangxi Emperor's trust to be recognized by the Qing court in the case of the diplomacy, told Russian ambassadors, envoys from Russia to know China's goal .
in early September 1676 Academy on the occasion of the upcoming repatriation of Lai, Ferdinand Verbiest Please Nili czar in early September 1676 Academy on the occasion of the upcoming repatriation of Lai, Ferdinand Verbiest Please Nili czar . Lai brought a letter in which he underscored his be proficient in many languages, for the sake of the interests of Christianity,He would help the tsarist Lai brought a letter in which he underscored his be proficient in many languages, for the sake of the interests of Christianity,He would help the tsarist .
will also take him to his Latin works and "Kun yu quan tu" as a gift to mark the occasion will also take him to his Latin works and "Kun yu quan tu" as a gift to mark the occasion . Thereafter relations became increasingly tense, and finally to the warring until 1686 years and a new writing, reopen the door to Thereafter relations became increasingly tense, and finally to the warring until 1686 years and a new writing, reopen the door to .
1687, Ferdinand Verbiest was already gravely ill, but the forthcoming negotiations between China and Russia in the background - sober 1687, Ferdinand Verbiest was already gravely ill, but the forthcoming negotiations between China and Russia in the background - sober . He knew Russia in Europe's continuing war strategy was working, it is not possible to levy the east, is only possible at Oriental to pursue trade interests He knew Russia in Europe's continuing war strategy was working, it is not possible to levy the east, is only possible at Oriental to pursue trade interests .
while neither war, nor trade, only require it be regarded as the land with Russian forces,These regions should be at a safe distance, has a primary purpose of Mongolia and the Heilongjiang valley close Russian enter while neither war, nor trade, only require it be regarded as the land with Russian forces,These regions should be at a safe distance, has a primary purpose of Mongolia and the Heilongjiang valley close Russian enter . therefore to Russia and China oppose war, peace is their common objective, an aim which also is just for the purpose of the Society of Jesus: Russia - China inaugurated a Rome - land traffic therefore to Russia and China oppose war, peace is their common objective, an aim which also is just for the purpose of the Society of Jesus: Russia - China inaugurated a Rome - land traffic .
Nan Huairen therefore thought that if the Jesuits in China - Russia border talks in this conciliation, skillful diplomacy, two countries achieve peace, and peace, both China and Russia will be grateful to the Jesuits,thereby facilitating their purpose although Ferdinand Verbiest Nan Huairen therefore thought that if the Jesuits in China - Russia border talks in this conciliation, skillful diplomacy, two countries achieve peace, and peace, both China and Russia will be grateful to the Jesuits,thereby facilitating their purpose although Ferdinand Verbiest . 1688 on Jan. 28, the tragic death of
But this opinion of his is his will dated with Xu and Zhang Cheng inherited But this opinion of his is his will dated with Xu and Zhang Cheng inherited . June 1689, Xu Ri and Zhang Cheng accompanied by Songgotu's Chinese diplomatic missions to Nerchinsk June 1689, Xu Ri and Zhang Cheng accompanied by Songgotu's Chinese diplomatic missions to Nerchinsk .
they faithfully implemented the Ferdinand Verbiest in Russia between peace - building in the chancel, with his own wisdom and ability to help conclude a successful peace treaty they faithfully implemented the Ferdinand Verbiest in Russia between peace - building in the chancel, with his own wisdom and ability to help conclude a successful peace treaty . in the Sino - Russian Nibuzhu Treaty is in parallel to the reciprocal of the principles of international law on the basis of the conclusion of the in the Sino - Russian Nibuzhu Treaty is in parallel to the reciprocal of the principles of international law on the basis of the conclusion of the .
this treaty clearly marking the boundaries of Russia and China's eastern border and this treaty clearly marking the boundaries of Russia and China's eastern border and . after the conclusion of the Treaty,China's northeastern borders kept for 160 years of peace, while Russia obtained trading interests while after the conclusion of the Treaty,China's northeastern borders kept for 160 years of peace, while Russia obtained trading interests while .
Jesuits then have been mixed: from China said they trust the government of the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911) Emperor Kangxi Jesuits then have been mixed: from China said they trust the government of the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911) Emperor Kangxi . 1629 issued a decree to allow Catholic priests to preach freely in China, thus realizing the Jesuits for many years his own goal from 1629 issued a decree to allow Catholic priests to preach freely in China, thus realizing the Jesuits for many years his own goal from .
But the Russians say that, "Treaty of Nerchinsk" Shortly after signing, Peter believes the Jesuits in Russia's talks in China's favour, betrayed the interests of the West, is thus turned off, the Jesuit residence in Moscow, But the Russians say that, "Treaty of Nerchinsk" Shortly after signing, Peter believes the Jesuits in Russia's talks in China's favour, betrayed the interests of the West, is thus turned off, the Jesuit residence in Moscow,. and Jesuits expelled from the Jesuits in Rome opened the China - Russia. - The land of hope for
in 1686 (twenty - five years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), Ferdinand Verbiest was the diplomatic corps in the Netherlands also served as the primary translation in 1686 (twenty - five years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), Ferdinand Verbiest was the diplomatic corps in the Netherlands also served as the primary translation . 1 1.
Missionary Achievements
Like other missionaries Ferdinand Verbiest in China, is a dedication, unwavering loyalty to the Jesuits in Like other missionaries Ferdinand Verbiest in China, is a dedication, unwavering loyalty to the Jesuits in . spread west science and technology knowledge, while never forgetting to do missionary aspirations and responsibilities spread west science and technology knowledge, while never forgetting to do missionary aspirations and responsibilities .
Nan Huairen had several religious works Nan Huairen had several religious works . "Teach Introduction" volume (1670), any sub - head in Yuan, to understand the text outlining Catholic, is a teaching and into the passage of the works of Ferdinand Verbiest to religious works in the most important book of the series, a plurality of times, printed in reprinting, and dialect version, in French, Manchu, Korean translations "Teach Introduction" volume (1670), any sub - head in Yuan, to understand the text outlining Catholic, is a teaching and into the passage of the works of Ferdinand Verbiest to religious works in the most important book of the series, a plurality of times, printed in reprinting, and dialect version, in French, Manchu, Korean translations .
"Shanya Report On" volume (1670), consists of eight chapters,interlocution interpretation of the genre of evil punishment question "Shanya Report On" volume (1670), consists of eight chapters,interlocution interpretation of the genre of evil punishment question . "literal confession" volume (1673), and an explanation as to the confession, and one of the Catholic sacrament of the nature and importance and "literal confession" volume (1673), and an explanation as to the confession, and one of the Catholic sacrament of the nature and importance and .
"Eucharist" (a roll of 1673), responding to questions regarding the Eucharist "Eucharist" (a roll of 1673), responding to questions regarding the Eucharist . "moralists preach" volume (1686), with regard to the early Qing dynasty, and the missionaries of the catalogues, "moralists preach" volume (1686), with regard to the early Qing dynasty, and the missionaries of the catalogues, .
biographies, he also published a number of Catholic funeral ";Lee Evans and co - edited "rededged breviary" biographies, he also published a number of Catholic funeral ";Lee Evans and co - edited "rededged breviary" . Ferdinand Verbiest's writings, especially the first few ever held the reprints Ferdinand Verbiest's writings, especially the first few ever held the reprints .
dramatically changed to "teach to the Preface published the most times, even up to the 1930s is still in print dramatically changed to "teach to the Preface published the most times, even up to the 1930s is still in print . these religious works, advocating the Catholic doctrines, canons and rituals like these religious works, advocating the Catholic doctrines, canons and rituals like .
In science, Ferdinand Verbiest also missed the opportunity to introduce the relevant situation of the Catholic Church in his In science, Ferdinand Verbiest also missed the opportunity to introduce the relevant situation of the Catholic Church in his ." Western to Ji "(1669), is the author of" Sharia ";In his" Illustrated Map "(1674) Volume II of" Ou UNGRATEFUL Bazhou "also said:" Countries" to read the book, The Warrior on aweekly basis, God is a classic Zong " Western to Ji "(1669), is the author of" Sharia ";In his" Illustrated Map "(1674) Volume II of" Ou UNGRATEFUL Bazhou "also said:" Countries" to read the book, The Warrior on aweekly basis, God is a classic Zong .
"Ferdinand Verbiest and paying particular attention to the use for the Kangxi Emperor into being scientific and chance, a Catholic periodical quality and make the situation conducive to the missionary Verdinandus Verbiest "Ferdinand Verbiest and paying particular attention to the use for the Kangxi Emperor into being scientific and chance, a Catholic periodical quality and make the situation conducive to the missionary Verdinandus Verbiest ." scientific assistant missionary ", in his untiring efforts and achieved considerable success, he died four years later, i.e. the official Catholic grant legitimate 
Evaluation
From 1655 to death in China, in China for nearly three decades and From 1655 to death in China, in China for nearly three decades and . Ferdinand Verbiest diligently strive for ", given their lives for their faith, as the western scientific knowledge they spread in China has made tremendous contributions to the Ferdinand Verbiest diligently strive for ", given their lives for their faith, as the western scientific knowledge they spread in China has made tremendous contributions to the .
after he died, the Kangxi Emperor as he held a grand funeral, and gave him the posthumous title of" sensitive " after he died, the Kangxi Emperor as he held a grand funeral, and gave him the posthumous title of" sensitive ". in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China and later Chinese die - off of the missionaries, Ferdinand Verbiest was the only one who's behind in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China and later Chinese die - off of the missionaries, Ferdinand Verbiest was the only one who's behind .
was given the title of the posthumous obtained from simple two word summarized the character of merit and virtue, was given the title of emperor and minister primarily, the Kangxi Emperor bestowed by Qin Min,happens to be in Charge of Astronomy on Ferdinand Verbiest worked during a diligent, proper evaluation of Congmin was given the title of the posthumous obtained from simple two word summarized the character of merit and virtue, was given the title of emperor and minister primarily, the Kangxi Emperor bestowed by Qin Min,happens to be in Charge of Astronomy on Ferdinand Verbiest worked during a diligent, proper evaluation of Congmin .
Huairen Hall
Belgium's Leuven University is one of the oldest universities in the world, and it's in the Belgians's standing in the eyes of China's Peking University Belgium's Leuven University is one of the oldest universities in the world, and it's in the Belgians's standing in the eyes of China's Peking University . more Chinese tourists interested in the fact that the original of the world's leading universities and we china has the very deep origin more Chinese tourists interested in the fact that the original of the world's leading universities and we china has the very deep origin .
in the Kangxi era, a famous western missionaries for the sake of science and faith, leaving China with tears of blood and glory of the story, he is a member of the Belgian Ferdinand Verbiest, Ferdinand Verbiest was from Leuven university of Ferdinand Verbiest in the Kangxi era, a famous western missionaries for the sake of science and faith, leaving China with tears of blood and glory of the story, he is a member of the Belgian Ferdinand Verbiest, Ferdinand Verbiest was from Leuven university of Ferdinand Verbiest . is one of the great creations of the planetarium, which can visualize the movements of celestial bodies,while the original now hangs in the Palace Museum and the University of Leuven is one of the great creations of the planetarium, which can visualize the movements of celestial bodies,while the original now hangs in the Palace Museum and the University of Leuven .
commemorating the great alumni, particularly established the Office of Ferdinand Verbiest, also stood in the doorway planetarium model commemorating the great alumni, particularly established the Office of Ferdinand Verbiest, also stood in the doorway planetarium model . in 1898, the then King of the Belgians to Leuven university presidents wrote that "China is very important, learning Chinese is very important in 1898, the then King of the Belgians to Leuven university presidents wrote that "China is very important, learning Chinese is very important .
" at the University of Leuven to study geography of Ferdinand Verbiest in China after a missionary, he was the Qing imperial court and made by members of astronomical instruments, preserved in the Beijing Ancient Observatory on " at the University of Leuven to study geography of Ferdinand Verbiest in China after a missionary, he was the Qing imperial court and made by members of astronomical instruments, preserved in the Beijing Ancient Observatory on . in the 300th anniversary of the death of Ferdinand Verbiest, in a government to Belgian Ferdinand Verbiest Foundation KULeuven "and" celestial globe "Ferdinand Verbiest (i. e. design and manufacture of large astronomical instruments, one of the model, in the front hall of Ferdinand Verbiest, Vienna is also home to the University of the Chinese Library
Major Works
sacred writings, "Introduction to Teach" volume (1670), any sub - head in Yuan, to understand the text outlining Catholic, is a teaching and into the passage of the works of Ferdinand Verbiest to religious works in the most important book of the series, a plurality of times, printed in reprinting, and dialect version, in French, Manchu, Korean translations sacred writings, "Introduction to Teach" volume (1670), any sub - head in Yuan, to understand the text outlining Catholic, is a teaching and into the passage of the works of Ferdinand Verbiest to religious works in the most important book of the series, a plurality of times, printed in reprinting, and dialect version, in French, Manchu, Korean translations . "Shanya Report On" volume (1670), consists of eight chapters,interlocution interpretation of the genre of evil punishment question "Shanya Report On" volume (1670), consists of eight chapters,interlocution interpretation of the genre of evil punishment question .
"literal confession" volume (1673), and an explanation as to the confession, and one of the Catholic sacrament of the nature and importance and "literal confession" volume (1673), and an explanation as to the confession, and one of the Catholic sacrament of the nature and importance and . "Eucharist" (a roll of 1673), responding to questions regarding the Eucharist) "Eucharist" (a roll of 1673), responding to questions regarding the Eucharist) .
"moralists preach" volume (1686), with regard to the early Qing dynasty, and the missionaries of the catalogues, "moralists preach" volume (1686), with regard to the early Qing dynasty, and the missionaries of the catalogues, . biographies, he also published a number of Catholic funeral ";Lee Evans and co - edited "rededged breviary" biographies, he also published a number of Catholic funeral ";Lee Evans and co - edited "rededged breviary" .
Ferdinand Verbiest's writings, especially the first few ever held the reprints Ferdinand Verbiest's writings, especially the first few ever held the reprints . dramatically changed to "teach to the Preface published the most times, even up to the 1930s is still in print dramatically changed to "teach to the Preface published the most times, even up to the 1930s is still in print .
these religious works, advocating the Catholic doctrine,precepts and rituals like these religious works, advocating the Catholic doctrine,precepts and rituals like . scientific works" Western to Ji "volume (1669)" test a little discipline "roll (1669)" to the north and south of the equator of the two total map "(1672)" Map "and Volume II (1674)" Jian Ping gauge total map "(1674)" Western Tushuo "(16 volumes) 1674 World Map outer Ji" volume (1676) 's De - zhuan "volume (1676) of" shenwei "(1682) the" shape of pushing "(1683)," Xue "(1683), printed in the (not - 168 (7, "European Astronomy") scientific works" Western to Ji "volume (1669)" test a little discipline "roll (1669)" to the north and south of the equator of the two total map "(1672)" Map "and Volume II (1674)" Jian Ping gauge total map "(1674)" Western Tushuo "(16 volumes) 1674 World Map outer Ji" volume (1676) 's De - zhuan "volume (1676) of" shenwei "(1682) the" shape of pushing "(1683)," Xue "(1683), printed in the (not - 168 (7, "European Astronomy").
