圖書信息
出版社: 外語教學與研究出版社，劍橋大學出版社; 第1版 (2008年11月1日)
外文書名: Typology and Universals
叢書名: 當代國外語言學與套用語言學文庫
平裝: 341頁
正文語種: 英語
開本: 16
ISBN: 7560078699, 9787560078694
條形碼: 9787560078694
尺寸: 22.6 x 15 x 2 cm
重量: 422 g
作者簡介
William Croft，曼徹斯特大學語言學教授。
內容簡介
《語言類型學與普遍語法特徵(第2版)》系統介紹了研究語言類型學與語言共性的方法及理論，作者的分析由淺入深、條理清晰，行文深入淺出、簡明扼要。同時，作者提供了大量音系學、形態學、句法學和語義學等領域內語言共性的例證，以加深讀者對抽象理論的理解。
目錄
List offigures
List of tables
Preface to the second edilion
preface to the timedition
List ofabbreviations
List ofsymbols
1 Introduction
1.1 Whatistypology?
1.2 Typology，universals and generative grammar
1.3 Cross-linguistic comparison
1.4 The problem ofcross linguistic comparability
1.5 Language sampling for cross-linguistic research
1.6 Data sources
2 Typologicai classification
2.1 A cross-linguistically valid description of morphosyntactic structures
2.1.1 Simple strategies
2.1.2 Relational strategies
2.1.3 Indexical strategies
2.1.4 Classifiers：indexical or relational?
2.1.5 More grammaticalized strategies
2.1.6 Summary
2.2 What is being classified?
2.3 M0rphological typology
3 Implicational universals and competing motivations
3.1 Restrictions on possible language types
3.2 Unres~~~~Cted and implicational universals
3.3 Competing motivations
3.4 Deeperexplanationsforwordorder and affixorderuniversals
3.5 Typology。universals and generative grammar revisited
3 6Conclusion
4 Grammatical categories：typological markedness economy and iconicity
4.1 Typological markedness
4.1.1 Structural coding
4.1.2 Behavioral potential
4.1.3 Neutral value：not a criterion for typological markedness
4.2 Economy and iconicity
4.2.1 Structural coding，economy and syntagmatic isomorphism
4.2.2 Economy.paradigmatic isomorphism and polysemy
4.3 Frequency and deeper explanations for economy and iconicity
4.4 Typological asymmetries in word order and phonology
4.5 Conclusion
5 Grammatical hierarchies and the semantic map model
5.1 Grammatical hierarchies and implicational universals
5.2 The animacy and definiteness hierarchies
5.3 A deeper explanation tbr hierarchies and categories：the semantic map model
5.4 Conceptual spaces.structural coding and behavioral potential
5.5 111e grammatical relations hierarchies
5.5.1 The external definition of grammatical relations
5.5.2 Subject and object，ergative and absolutive
5.5.3 Objects：direct and indirect.primary and secondary
5.5.4 T11e conceptual space for grammatical relations
5.6 Conclusion
Appendix：typological markedness patterns in grammatical categories
6 Prototypes and the interaction of typological patterns
6.1 Interactions ofcategories
6.1.1 Place of articulation
6.1.2 Person
6.2 Interactions of values：typological prototypes
6.3 GrammaticaI relations
6.3.1 Animacy，definiteness and participant roles
6.3.2 Transitivity
6.3.3 Deeper explanations for the typology of grammatical relations
6.4 Parts ofspeech
6.5 Other prototypes and markedness reversals
6 6 Conclusion
7 Syntactic argumentation and syntactic structure in typology
7.1 Typology and syntactic argumentation
7.2 lconicity，economy and syntactic structure
7.2.1 Conceptual distance and constituent structure
7.2 2 Syntactic and conceptual independence
7.2.3 The encoding of objects and events
7.2.4 Other universals of linguistic structure
7.3 Vypological conspiracies and communicative motivation
7.4 Conclusion
8 Diachronic typology
8.1 The dynamicization of synchronic typology
8.2 From states to processes
8.3 Grammaticalization
8.3.1 Phonological processes
8.3.2 Morphosyntactic processes
8.3.3 Functional processes
8.3.4 Issues in grammaticalization
8.3.5 Explanations for grammaticalization
8.4 Inferring diachrony from synchrony
8.5 Conclusion
9 Typology as an approach to language
9.1 Scientific approaches(research traditions)and linguistic theories
9.2 Thinking like a typologist
9.3 Description.explanation and generalization
9.4 Typology，the Saussurean dichotomies and the evolutionary model
List of references
Map oflanguages cited
Author index
Language index
Subiect index
