簡介
1.定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2.構成:關聯詞+簡單句
3.引導表語從句的關聯詞的種類:
(1) 從屬連詞that。如:
The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如:
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
註:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as if卻可引導表語從句,如:
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。
能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如:
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。
(3)連線代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連線副詞 where, when, how, why。
如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。
The question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓乾的。
解釋:
1.連詞because可引導表語從句。如:
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。
2.在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞後面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示,should可省略。如:
一.語氣的定義和種類。
1 語氣(mood)
語氣是動詞的一種形式,表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。
2 語氣的種類
a. 陳述語氣:表示動作或狀態是現實的、確定的或符合事實的,用於陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如:
There are two sides to every question.每個問題都有兩個方面。
Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎?
How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老師啊!
b. 祈使語氣:表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。如:
Never be late again!再也不要遲到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.別忘了關燈。
c. 虛擬語氣:表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀願望、假設或推測等。如:
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一隻小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。
May you succeed!祝您成功!
二.虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法。
條件從句有兩類,一是真實條件句,另一是虛擬條件句。如果假設的情況可能發生,是真實條件句,這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。如:
If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果時間允許,我們就一起去釣魚。
如果假設的情況是不存在的或不大可能發生的,則是虛擬條件句。如:
If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天來,你就會見到那位著名的教授了。
(隱含的事實是:你昨天沒來,也沒見到那位著名教授)。
在含有虛擬條件句的複合句中,主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣,現將其形式列表如下:
動詞形式 時間
從句
主句
與現在事實相反
動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)
would(could/should/might)+動詞原形
與過去事實相反
had+動詞過去分詞
would(could/should/might)+have過去分詞
與將來事實可能相反
動詞過去式
should+動詞原形
were to+動詞原形
would(could/should/might)+動詞原形
註:主句中的should只用於第一人稱,但在美國英語中,should常被would代替;從句中的should可用於各種人稱。
1.表示與現在事實相反的假設和結果。如:
If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你,我就會告訴他真相了。(事實上我不是你)
If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有時間,她就會幫我了。(事實上她沒有時間)
2 表示與過去事實相反的假設和結果。如:
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的電話號碼,我就會給你打電話了。(事實上我昨天不知道你的電話號碼。)
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.如果你聽了我的建議,你就不會考試不及格。(事實上你根本沒聽我的。)
3 表示與將來事實可能相反的假設和結果。如:
If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨,莊稼可能就收穫了。
---What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?
---It would burn.
---我若把只放在火上會怎么樣?
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發。文字