簡介
中文名: 精通 Android 4
作者: Daniel W. Lewis
Komatineni
圖書分類: 軟體
資源格式: EPUB
版本: 英文版
出版社: Daniel W. Lewis
Komatineni
發行時間: 2002年
地區: 美國
語言: 英文
內容介紹：
本書是對高等院校本科二年級計算機組成原理與彙編語言程式設計的傳統教材的全新替代版。本書以實踐中最常運用的方式講解彙編語言——實現小型、快速或特殊目的的例程，這些例程由主程式（高級語言編寫，如C）調用。通過運用嵌入式軟體環境，本書介紹多執行緒程式設計、可搶占式系統與非可搶占式系統、共享資源和調度，從而為作業系統、實時系統、計算機網路及基於多處理器的設計等後續課程提供了堅實的基礎。
本書將幫助讀者：理解通常為人們所忽視的二進制表示的後果和局限性問題；運用定點（而非浮點）實數實現快速實數運算；加強對於作用域、參數傳遞、遞歸和記憶體分配的理解；運用C語言的特性（如位操作和變數訪問），這些特性在嵌入式軟體中廣泛套用；編寫Intel x86保護模式下的彙編函式，由C程式調用；估算不同類型輸入/輸出程式設計的最大數據速率和等待時間；管理多執行緒、共享資源和臨界區；開發程式設計實例，以避免優先權倒置、死鎖和共享記憶體問題。
本書適用於高等院校工科各專業本科嵌入式計算機系統程式設計、C語言程式設計及彙編語言程式設計類課程，也可供相關技術人員學習參考。
目錄
PrefaceChapter 1 Introduction
1.1 What is an Embedded System?
1.2 What's Unique About the Design Goals for Embedded Software?
1.3 What Does "Real-Time" Mean?
1.4 What Does "Multitasking" Mean?
1.5 How Powerful Are Embedded Processors?
1.6 What Programming Languages Are Used?
1.7 What Is a "Real-Time Kernel"?
1.8 How Is Building an Embedded Application Unique?
1.9 How Big Are Typical Embedded Programs?
1.10 The Software Used in This Book
Problems
Chapter 2 Data Representation
2.1 Fixed-Precision Binary Numbers
2.1.1 Positional Number Systems
2.1.2 Binary-to-Decimal Conversion
2.1.3 Decimal-to-Binary Conversion
2.1.4 Counting
2.1.5 Fixed Precision and Rollover
2.1.6 Hexadecimal Representation
2.2 Binary Representation of Integers
2.2.1 Signed Integers
2.2.2 Positive and Negative Representations of the Same Magnitude
2.2.3 Interpreting the Value of a 2's-Complement Number
2.2.4 More on Range and Overflow
2.2.5 2's Complement and Hardware Complexity
2.3 Binary Representation of Real Numbers
2.3.1 Fixed-Point Representation
2.3.2 Fixed-Point Using a Universal 16.16 Format
2.3.3 Fixed-Point Using a Universal 32.32 Format
2.3.4 Floating-Point Representation
2.4 ASCII Representation of Text
2.5 Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)
Problems
Chapter 3 Getting the Most Out of C
3.1 Integer Data Types
3.2 Mixing Data Types
3.3 Useful Typedefs and Defines
3.4 Manipulating Bits in Memory
3.4.1 Testing Bits
3.4.2 Setting, Clearing, and Inverting Bits
3.4.3 Extracting Bits
3.4.4 Inserting Bits
3.5 Manipulating Bits in I/O Ports
3.5.1 Write-Only I/O Ports
3.5.2 Ports Differentiated by Reads Versus Writes
3.5.3 Ports Differentiated by Sequential Access
3.5.4 Ports Differentiated by Bits in the Written Data
3.6 Accessing Memory-Mapped I/O Devices
3.6.1 Accessing Data Through a Pointer
3.6.2 Arrays, Pointers, and the "Address of" Operator
3.7 Structures
3.7.1 Packed Structures
3.7.2 Bit Fields
3.8 Variant Access
3.8.1 Casting the Address of an Object
3.8.2 Using Unions
Problems
Chapter 4 A Programmer's View of Computer Organization
4.1 Memory
4.2 The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
4.2.1 The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
4.2.2 Other Registers
4.2.3 The Control Unit
4.3 Input/Output (I/O)
4.4 Introduction to the Intel Architecture
4.4.1 Instruction Formats
4.4.2 Instruction Operands
4.4.3 Operand Restrictions
4.4.4 Registers
4.4.5 The Stack
4.5 The Intel Real Mode Architecture
4.5.1 Segmented Addressing
4.5.2 Addressing Modes
4.6 The Intel Protected Mode Architecture
4.6.1 Segment Registers and The Global Descriptor Table
4.6.2 The Flat Memory Model
4.6.3 Addressing Modes
4.7 Operand and Address-Size Override Prefixes
4.8 The Intel Data Manipulation Instructions
4.8.1 Data Movement, Stack, and I/O Instructions
4.8.2 Arithmetic Instructions
4.8.3 Bitwise Instructions
4.8.4 Shift Instructions
Problems
Chapter 5 Mixing C and Assembly
5.1 Programming in Assembly
5.2 Register Usage Conventions
5.3 Typical Use of Addressing Options
5.3.1 Accessing Data Whose Address is a Constant
5.3.2 Accessing Data Whose Address is a Variable
5.4 Instruction Sequencing
5.4.1 Compound Conditionals
5.4.2 If-Then-Else Statements
5.4.3 Building Loops
5.4.4 Faster Loops with String Instructions
5.5 Procedure Call and Return
5.6 Parameter Passing
5.7 Retrieving Parameters
5.8 Everything is Pass by Value
5.9 Temporary Variables
Problems
Chapter 6 Input/Output Programming
6.1 The Intel I/O Instructions
6.2 Synchronization, Transfer Rate, and Latency
6.3 Polled Waiting Loops
6.4 Interrupt-Driven I/O
6.4.1 The Hardware Response
6.4.2 The Interrupt Service Routine
6.4.3 Programmable Interrupt Controllers
6.4.4 Buffers and Queues
6.4.5 Writing Interrupt Service Routines in Assembly
6.4.6 Writing Interrupt Service Routines in C
6.4.7 Nonmaskable Interrupts
6.4.8 Software Interrupts
6.4.9 Exceptions
6.5 Direct Memory Access
6.5.1 Double Buffering
6.6 Comparison of Methods
Problems
Chapter 7 Concurrent Software
7.1 Foreground/Background Systems
7.1.1 Thread State and Serialization
7.1.2 Managing Latency
7.1.3 Preventing Interrupt Overrun
7.1.4 Moving Work into the Background
7.2 Multithreaded Programming
7.2.1 Concurrent Execution of Independent Threads
7.2.2 Context Switching
7.2.3 Nonpreemptive (Cooperative) Multitasking
7.2.4 Preemptive Multitasking
7.3 Shared Resources and Critical Sections
7.3.1 Disabling Interrupts
7.3.2 Disabling Task Switching
7.3.3 Spin Locks
7.3.4 Mutex Objects
7.3.5 Semaphores
Problems
Chapter 8 Scheduling
8.1 Thread States
8.2 Pending Threads
8.3 Context Switching
8.4 Round-Robin Scheduling
8.5 Priority-Based Scheduling
8.5.1 Priority Inversion
8.5.2 The Priority Inheritance Protocol
8.5.3 The Priority Ceiling Protocol
8.6 Assigning Priorities
8.6.1 Deadline-Driven Scheduling
8.6.2 Rate-Monotonic Scheduling
8.7 Deadlock
8.8 Watchdog Timers
Problems
Chapter 9 Memory Management
9.1 Objects in C
9.2 Scope
9.2.1 Refining Local Scope
9.2.2 Refining Global Scope
9.3 Lifetime
9.4 Automatic Allocation
9.4.1 Storage Class "Register"
9.5 Static Allocation
9.6 Three Programs to Distinguish Static from Automatic
9.6.1 Object Creation
9.6.2 Object Initialization
9.6.3 Object Destruction
9.7 Dynamic Allocation
9.7.1 Fragmentation
9.7.2 Memory Allocation Pools
9.8 Automatic Allocation with Variable Size (alloca)
9.8.1 Variable-Size Arrays
9.9 Recursive Functions and Memory Allocation
Problems
Chapter 10 Shared Memory
10.1 Recognizing Shared Objects
10.1.1 Shared Global Data
10.1.2 Shared Private Data
10.1.3 Shared Functions
10.2 Reentrant Functions
10.3 Read-Only Data
10.3.1 Type Qualifier "const"
10.4 Coding Practices to Avoid
10.4.1 Functions That Keep Internal State in Local Static Objects
10.4.2 Functions That Return the Address of a Local Static Object
10.5 Accessing Shared Memory
10.5.1 The Effect of Processor Word Size
10.5.2 Read-Only and Write-Only Access
10.5.3 Type Qualifier "volatile"
Problems
Chapter 11 System Initialization
11.1 Memory Layout
11.2 The CPU
11.2.1 Setting Up a Flat Memory Model
11.2.2 Switching into Protected Mode
11.3 C Run-Time Environment
11.3.1 Copying from ROM to RAM
11.3.2 Zeroing Uninitialized Statics
11.3.3 Setting Up a Heap
11.4 System Timer
11.4.1 Timer 0: Timer Tick
11.4.2 Timer 1: Memory Refresh
11.4.3 Timer 2: Speaker Frequency
11.5 Interrupt System
11.5.1 Initializing the IDT
11.5.2 Initializing the 8259 PICs
11.5.3 Installing a New Interrupt Service Routine
Appendix A: Contents of the CD-ROM
Appendix B: The DJGPP C/C++ Compiler
Installation
Compilation
On-Line Documentation (Info)
Appendix C: The NASM Assembler
Installation
Running NASM
Appendix D: Programming Projects
Files Required from the CD-ROM for All Applications
Files Required for Nonpreemptive Multithreaded Applications
Files Required for Preemptive Multithreaded Applications
Compiling and Assembling Your Embedded Application
Linking Your Embedded Application
Preparing the Boot Diskette
Running Your Embedded Application
Appendix E: The LIBEPC Library
Memory Layout and Initialization
Display Functions (display.c)
Window Functions (window.c)
Keyboard Functions (keyboard.c)
Speaker Functions (speaker.c)
Timer Functions (timer.c, cycles.asm)
Interrupt Vector Access Functions (init-idt.c)
Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions (heap.c)
Fixed Point (fixedpt.asm)
Interfunction Jumps (setjmp.asm)
Miscellaneous Functions (init-crt.c)
Appendix F: The Boot Loader
Index
