米利暗一世
大希律王(公元前74～前4年)亦被稱為希律大帝一世、黑落德王，是羅馬帝國在猶太行省耶路撒冷的代理王。大希律王殺嬰孩耶穌
希律生於耶路撒冷，耶穌剛出生的時候，整個猶太人地區的統治者就是希律王，他的名字的意思是“英雄世家”。由於他曾救過愷撒大帝一命，所以獲得愷撒大帝的特準而統治以色列舊地全境。他是以東人，但他的兩位妻子米利暗一世和米利暗二世卻是前猶大王國瑪喀比王朝的皇室後人，讓希律王擁有以色列王國的王位繼承權
MARIAMNE (Mariamme). MARIAMNE I (60?–29 B.C.E.) was the daughter of *Alexander the son of Aristobulus, the granddaughter of John Hyrcanus, and the second wife of *Herod. Herod's aim in contracting this marriage was to establish his standing with the royal house. Herod was only betrothed to her, but not yet married, when in 40 B.C.E. he was forced to flee to Idumea from Antigonus, who was supported by the Parthians, and he had placed Mariamne together with the other women of the royal household in the fortress of Masada for safety. When Herod's sovereignty over Judea was ratified by the Roman senate on the recommendation of Mark Antony, he went in 37 B.C.E. to Samaria to marry Mariamne while his army was still besieging Jerusalem. Herod's love for Mariamne was unbounded, but it was met by hatred of him on her part, because Herod had put to death practically all the members of her family. Aware of Herod's feelings for her, she was bold enough to speak harshly to him, which others feared to do. In addition to this, however, her anger was directed against the rise of the new dynasty which had replaced her own – the *Hasmonean – and this caused her to act disdainfully toward the members of the royal Idumean family, particularly to Herod's mother and his sister Salome. As a result these two harbored a grudge against her and were malevolently provocative toward her, fabricating such libels about her as that she had sent her portrait to Antony in Egypt.
When Herod went to visit Antony he entrusted his wife to Joseph, the husband of Salome, ordering him to put Mariamne to death should Antony sentence him to death. Joseph informed Mariamne of this with the intention of showing her how great was the love Herod bore her. When Herod returned from his journey he discovered from Mariamne that Joseph had revealed this secret order to her. According to one account in Josephus, it was then that in his rage Herod ordered both Joseph and Mariamne to be put to death. A parallel account, however, is given by Josephus in the section dealing with Herod's journey to Octavius at Rhodes after the battle near Actium. The first story belongs to the period before 31 B.C.E., while the second is later. It seems that both stories were true, but that the execution of Mariamne took place in 29 B.C.E., and that on the previous occasion Herod did not go so far as to murder his wife. Mariamne bore Herod three sons and two daughters. One of the sons died in his youth. The other two, Alexander and Aristobulus, were executed on the order of their father in 7 B.C.E.
MARIAMNE II (d. circa 20 B.C.E.), the daughter of Simeon b. Boethus the high priest, was the third wife of Herod. She belonged to a priestly family from Alexandria. Her son, also named Herod, was designated to succeed to the throne after Antipater. It was because of this that although Mariamne II knew of Antipater's intentions to kill his father, she held her peace. As a result, when the plot of Antipater was discovered, Herod erased from his will the name of his son Herod II as his heir and sent Mariamne away.
MARIAMNE(Mariamme)。MARIAMNE我(60嗎?公元前-29年)的女兒*亞歷山大人安的兒子,約翰Hyrcanus的孫女,第二個妻子的*希律。希律王的目標在承包這婚姻是建立他的地位與皇家的房子。希律只有許配給她,但尚未結婚,當在40他被迫公元前逃到從Antigonus以東,由帕提亞人的支持,他把Mariamne連同其他女性的王室在馬察達堡壘的安全。當希律的猶太主權是經羅馬參議院推薦,馬克·安東尼,他走在公元前37撒瑪利亞嫁給Mariamne而他的軍隊仍圍困耶路撒冷。希律的愛Mariamne是無限的,但卻遭遇了對他的仇恨在她的部分,因為希律已經處死實際上所有的家庭成員。意識到希律的對她的感情,她鼓起勇氣向他說話嚴厲,而其他人擔心去做。此外,然而,她的怒火指向新王朝的崛起,已經取代了她自己的- *哈斯摩——這導致了她採取行動向成員的輕蔑地Idumean皇家家庭,尤其是希律的母親和他的妹妹莎樂美。因此這兩個庇護一個怨恨她和被惡意地挑釁向她,對她libels編造這樣,她給她的肖像,安東尼在埃及。當希律王去拜訪他的妻子安東尼委託約瑟夫,丈夫的薩洛米,叫他把Mariamne死應該安東尼句子死他。約瑟夫Mariamne通知本打算顯示她是多么偉大的愛希律王帶著她。當希律王回來的旅程,他發現從Mariamne約瑟透露這個秘密為了她。根據一個帳戶在約瑟夫,然後,在他的憤怒對約瑟夫和Mariamne希律下令處死。一個平行的賬戶,但是由約瑟夫在部分處理希律的旅程在戰鬥結束後屋大維羅茲附近海岩群落。第一個故事屬於公元前31日之前時期,而第二個是之後。看來這兩個故事是真實的,但是該執行發生在公元前Mariamne 29,這在前面的場合希律不走得太遠,謀殺他的妻子。希律Mariamne生了三個兒子、兩個女兒。一個兒子死在他的青年。其他兩個,亞歷山大和人安,被以他們的父親的順序在公元前7MARIAMNE II(d .大約公元前20),西緬的女兒b。Boethus大祭司、是希律的第三任妻子。她屬於一個牧師家庭從亞歷山大。她的兒子,也叫希律,被指派才能繼承王位後安提帕特。這是因為,儘管Mariamne II知道安提帕特的意圖殺害他的父親,她把她的和平。因此,當安提帕特的情節被發現,希律王從他的名字抹去將他的兒子希律王二世作為他的繼承人和傳送Mariamne走。
參考書目
宜蘭，塔爾。在希臘羅馬巴勒斯坦的猶太女性的形象和地位，對探究。68。蒂賓根大學：1995。Mariamme的結婚年齡的討論
宜蘭，塔爾。我和你是她的拉比文獻檢索婦女的歷史。萊頓：1997，152-154。
單（無名）的寫照Mariamme拉比文獻中，她介紹約瑟夫，（非）前的歷史價值評估比較的討論。
宜蘭，塔爾。將猶太婦女第二聖殿的歷史。蒂賓根大學：1999，105-115。
介紹了論文Nicolaus公司的大馬士革，約瑟夫描述的希律王和Mariamme的浪漫愛情故事的文學修辭的創造。
宜蘭，塔爾。“大衛王，希律王和Nicolaus的大馬士革，”猶太研究季刊（1998）：195-240。
本文是在約瑟夫的希律王和大衛王在“聖經”的寫照之間的比較。Mariamme相比大衛王和她下台的女兒米甲的Hasmonean和她的命運。
Macurdy，格雷斯。附庸在羅馬帝國的皇后區和其他當代女性。巴爾的摩：1937，69-72。
改寫本希律王和Mariamme的故事的強烈影響的約瑟夫的版本。
Schalit，亞伯拉罕。“圓形結構在馬薩達Mariamme的Hasmonean的墓？”（希伯來文）的Ha-烏瑪2（1963）：356-363。
在本文Schalit建議（北方宮殿的中等水平）的圓形結構，實際上是建立在馬薩達的希律王的陵墓，他死去的妻子Mariamme。他通過比較它的建築在羅馬的奧古斯都陵墓。
Schalit，亞伯拉罕。柯尼希希律·德曼和盛WERK。柏林：1969，563-644。
在這一章中Schalit告訴希律王和Mariamme的的故事，而不是像約瑟夫，雖然他分配更戲劇性的可憐的交涉，由尼古拉斯的大馬士革的文學體裁。
