![科羅拉多[美國州名]](/img/9/7d3/n5GcuM3X1UDN2UTM2cjM4czN0UTM2EjM3ITM1QTNwAzMwIzL3IzL3AzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLyE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg "科羅拉多[美國州名]")
歷史沿革
州徽科羅拉多州原為阿拉帕霍、切廷內和猶他等部族印第安人居住地。許多地名為印第安語。弗德台地國家公園中的崖洞是古代印第安普埃布洛人社區的遺址。至今仍有大約9000印第安人住在該州。16－17世紀，西班牙人和法國人先後來此。西班牙探險家看到落基山上彩色斑斕的岩石，遂將此地取名為“科羅拉多”，意為“紅色的”。1803年美國通過科羅拉多州內共分64個郡。州府丹佛市（Denver），
該州在美國地圖位置人口約57萬，為科州政治、貿易、金融和製造業中心。科羅拉多斯普林斯市是美國空軍軍官學校所在地。較大的城市還有奧羅拉和萊克伍德。
主要城鎮：丹佛、奧羅拉、布頼頓、恩格爾伍德、萊克伍德、阿斯彭、博爾德、科羅拉多斯普林斯、柯林斯堡、大章克申、韋爾。路易斯安那購買協定取得該州東部大片土地。1806年派克斯攀登了以其名字命名的山峰（派克斯峰）。1859年派克斯峰發現金礦，掘金者蜂擁而至。1876年美國獨立100周年時建州，故有“百年州”之稱，成為美國第38州。
行政區劃
| County | FIPS code | County seat | Established | Formed from | Etymolgy | Population | Area | Map | |
| Adams County | 001 | Brighton | 1902-11-15 | Split fromArapahoe County. | Named in honor ofAlva Adams, the 5th, 10th, and 14thGovernorof the State of Colorado. | 441,603 | 1,182.29sqmi (3,062km) | ||
| Alamosa County | 003 | Alamosa | 1913-03-08 | Split fromCostilla CountyandConejos Countycounties. | Named for thecottonwood treeswhich grow along theRio Grandeand its tributaries.Alamosais a Spanish word for acottonwood grove. | 15,445 | 723.21sqmi (1,873km) | ||
| Arapahoe County | 005 | Littleton | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. Renamed South Arapahoe County for the five months from November 15, 1902 to April 11, 1903. | Named for predecessorArapahoe County, Kansas Territory, which in turn was named for theArapaho NationofNative Americans. | 572,003 | 804.41sqmi (2,083km) | ||
| Archuleta County | 007 | Pagosa Springs | 1885-04-14 | Split fromConejos County. | Named in honor ofColorado State SenatorAntonio D. Archuleta. | 12,084 | 1,354.53sqmi (3,508km) | ||
| Baca County | 009 | Springfield | 1889-04-16 | Split fromLas Animas County. | Named in honor of pioneer andColorado territorial legislatorFelipe Baca. | 3,788 | 2,558.48sqmi (6,626km) | ||
| Bent County | 011 | Las Animas | 1870-02-11 | Split fromHuerfano Countyand former Cheyenne and Arapaho tribal land. | Named in honor of frontier traderWilliam Bent. | 6,499 | 1,541.07sqmi (3,991km) | ||
| Boulder County | 013 | Boulder | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named for the abundance ofgranitebouldersalongBoulder Creek. | 294,567 | 740.48sqmi (1,918km) | ||
| City and County of Broomfield | 014 | Broomfield | 2001-11-15 | Split fromBoulder,Adams,Jefferson, andWeldcounties and reorganized as aconsolidated city and county. | Named for thebroom cornthat was formerly grown in the area. | 55,889 | 33.57sqmi (87km) | ||
| Chaffee County | 015 | Salida | 1879-02-10 | Split fromCarbonate County. | Named in honor ofJerome Bunty Chaffee, one ofColorado's first twoU.S. Senatorsfrom 1876 to 1879. | 17,809 | 1,014.12sqmi (2,627km) | ||
| Cheyenne County | 017 | Cheyenne Wells | 1889-03-25 | Split fromElbertandBentcounties. | Named for theCheyenne NationofNative Americans. | 1,836 | 1,781.90sqmi (4,615km) | ||
| Clear Creek County | 019 | Georgetown | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named forClear Creekwhich originates in the county. | 9,088 | 396.53sqmi (1,027km) | ||
| Conejos County | 021 | Conejos | 1861-11-01 | Guadalupe County, one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado, was renamedConejos Countyafter six days on November 7, 1861. | Named for thecottontail rabbitsin the area.Conejosis a Spanish word forrabbits. | 8,256 | 1,290.22sqmi (3,342km) | ||
| Costilla County | 023 | San Luis | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named for the Costilla River.Costillais a Spanish word meaning eitherlittle riborfurring timber. | 3,524 | 1,229.38sqmi (3,184km) | ||
| Crowley County | 025 | Ordway | 1911-05-29 | Split fromOtero County. | Named in honor ofColorado State SenatorJohn H. Crowley. | 5,823 | 800.27sqmi (2,073km) | ||
| Custer County | 027 | Westcliffe | 1877-03-09 | Split fromFremont County. | Named in memory ofGeorge Armstrong Custer, (1839 - 1876), the U.S. Armycoloneldefeated and killed at theBattle of the Little Bighorn. | 4,255 | 739.24sqmi (1,915km) | ||
| Delta County | 029 | Delta | 1883-02-11 | Split fromGunnison County. | Named for the town ofDeltalocated at thedeltaof theUncompahgre River. | 30,952 | 1,149.44sqmi (2,977km) | ||
| City and County of Denver | 031 | Denver | 1902-11-15 | The originalArapahoeCounty Seatwas split fromArapahoe Countyand reorganized as aconsolidated city and county. | Named to curry favor withJames W. Denver,Governorof theTerritory of Kansasfrom 1857 to 1859. | 600,158 | 155.66sqmi (403km) | ||
| Dolores County | 033 | Dove Creek | 1881-03-04 | Split fromOuray County. | Named for theDolores River, which was originally namedel Rio de Nuestra Senora de los Dolores, which is Spanish forthe River of our Lady of Sorrows. | 2,064 | 1,076.93sqmi (2,789km) | ||
| Douglas County | 035 | Castle Rock | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named in honor ofStephen Arnold Douglas, (1813 - 1861),U.S. SenatorfromIllinoisfrom 1847 to 1861. | 285,465 | 842.30sqmi (2,182km) | ||
| Eagle County | 037 | Eagle | 1883-02-11 | Split fromSummit County. | Named for theEagle Riverwhich originates in the county. | 52,197 | 1,700.76sqmi (4,405km) | ||
| El Paso County | 041 | Colorado Springs | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named forUte Passin the county.El pasois a Spanish expression forthe pass. | 622,263 | 2,128.60sqmi (5,513km) | ||
| Elbert County | 039 | Kiowa | 1874-02-02 | Split fromDouglas County. | Named in honor ofSamuel Hitt Elbert, the sixthGovernorof theTerritory of Colorado. | 23,086 | 1,849.08sqmi (4,789km) | ||
| Fremont County | 043 | Cañon City | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named in honor ofJohn Charles Frémont(1813 - 1890), the explorer, U.S. Army general, andU.S. SenatorfromCalifornia. | 46,824 | 1,533.09sqmi (3,971km) | ||
| Garfield County | 045 | Glenwood Springs | 1883-02-10 | Split fromSummit County. | Named in honor ofJames Abram Garfield(1831 - 1881), the twentiethPresident of the United States. | 56,389 | 2,958.23sqmi (7,662km) | ||
| Gilpin County | 047 | Central City | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named in honor ofWilliam Gilpin, the firstGovernorof theTerritory of Colorado. | 5,441 | 150.15sqmi (389km) | ||
| Grand County | 049 | Hot Sulphur Springs | 1874-02-02 | Split fromSummit County. | Named for theGrand Riverwhich originates in the county. The Grand River was renamed theColorado Riverin 1921, but the county retains the original name. | 14,843 | 1,868.53sqmi (4,839km) | ||
| Gunnison County | 051 | Gunnison | 1877-03-09 | Split fromLake County. | Named in honor ofJohn Williams Gunnison, the U.S. Army captain who explored the region. | 15,324 | 3,259.22sqmi (8,441km) | ||
| Hinsdale County | 053 | Lake City | 1874-02-10 | Split fromLake,Conejos, andCostillacounties. | Named in honor of George Aaron Hinsdale, a Lieutenant Governor of theTerritory of Colorado. | 843 | 1,123.35sqmi (2,909km) | ||
| Huerfano County | 055 | Walsenburg | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named forHuerfano Butte, a solitary volcanic plug.Huerfanois a Spanish word meaningorphan. | 6,711 | 1,592.37sqmi (4,124km) | ||
| Jackson County | 057 | Walden | 1909-05-05 | Split fromLarimer County. | Named in honor ofAndrew Jackson(1767 - 1845), the seventhPresident of the United States. | 1,394 | 1,619.75sqmi (4,195km) | ||
| Jefferson County | 059 | Golden | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named for its extralegal predecessor county,Jefferson County, Jefferson Territory, which in turn was named in honor ofThomas Jefferson(1743 - 1826), the author of theDeclaration of Independenceand the thirdPresident of the United States. | 534,543 | 772.85sqmi (2,002km) | ||
| Kiowa County | 061 | Eads | 1889-04-11 | Split fromBent County. | Named for theKiowa NationofNative Americans. | 1,398 | 1,785.90sqmi (4,625km) | ||
| Kit Carson County | 063 | Burlington | 1889-04-11 | Split fromElbert County. | Named in honor ofChristopher Houston "Kit" Carson, the famous frontier scout and soldier. | 8,270 | 2,162.43sqmi (5,601km) | ||
| La Plata County | 067 | Durango | 1874-02-10 | Split fromLakeandConejoscounties. | Named for the manysilverdeposits in the area.La platais a Spanish expression forthe silver. | 51,334 | 1,700.44sqmi (4,404km) | ||
| Lake County | 065 | Leadville | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. RenamedCarbonate Countyfor the two days from February 8–10, 1879. | Named for theTwin Lakesin the county. | 7,310 | 383.55sqmi (993km) | ||
| Larimer County | 069 | Fort Collins | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named in honor ofWilliam Larimer, a pioneer entrepreneur. | 299,630 | 2,631.75sqmi (6,816km) | ||
| Las Animas County | 071 | Trinidad | 1866-02-09 | Split fromHuerfano County. | Named for theAnimas River, which was originally namedel Rio de las Animas Perdidas, which is Spanish forthe River of the Souls in Purgatory. | 15,507 | 4,773.27sqmi (12,363km) | ||
| Lincoln County | 073 | Hugo | 1889-04-11 | Split fromElbertandBentcounties. | Named in honor ofAbraham Lincoln(1809 - 1865), the sixteenthPresident of the United States. | 5,467 | 2,585.21sqmi (6,696km) | ||
| Logan County | 075 | Sterling | 1887-02-25 | Split fromWeld County. | Named in honor ofJohn Alexander Logan(1826 - 1886), a U.S. Army general andU.S. SenatorfromIllinois. | 22,709 | 1,845.31sqmi (4,779km) | ||
| Mesa County | 077 | Grand Junction | 1883-02-14 | Split fromGunnison County. | Named for themesaformations which are widespread through the area. | 146,723 | 3,345.69sqmi (8,665km) | ||
| Mineral County | 079 | Creede | 1893-03-27 | Split fromHinsdale,Rio Grande, andSaguachecounties. | Named from the plentifulmineraldeposits found in the area. | 712 | 878.16sqmi (2,274km) | ||
| Moffat County | 081 | Craig | 1911-02-27 | Split fromRoutt County. | Named in honor of railroad pioneerDavid H. Moffat. | 13,795 | 4,755.86sqmi (12,318km) | ||
| Montezuma County | 083 | Cortez | 1889-04-16 | Split fromLa Plata County. | Named in honor ofAztecleaderMoctezuma II. Ruins in the area were once thought to be Aztec. | 25,535 | 2,035.80sqmi (5,273km) | ||
| Montrose County | 085 | Montrose | 1883-02-11 | Split fromGunnison County. | Named for the town ofMontrose, which in turn was probably named from the novelA Legend of Montrose, published in 1819 byWalter Scott. | 41,276 | 2,246.43sqmi (5,818km) | ||
| Morgan County | 087 | Fort Morgan | 1889-02-19 | Split fromWeld County. | Named for oldFort Morgan, which in turn was named in honor of U.S. Army ColonelChristopher A. Morgan. | 28,159 | 1,293.83sqmi (3,351km) | ||
| Otero County | 089 | La Junta | 1889-03-25 | Split fromBent County. | Named in honor ofMiguel A. Oteroof the prominent Otero family of theSouthwest. | 18,831 | 1,267.66sqmi (3,283km) | ||
| Ouray County | 091 | Ouray | 1877-01-18 | Split fromHinsdaleandLakecounties. RenamedUncompaghre Countyfor four days from 1883-02-27, to 1883-03-02. | Named in honor ofOuray, aUteNative Americanleader. | 4,436 | 542.30sqmi (1,405km) | ||
| Park County | 093 | Fairplay | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named forSouth Parkwhich occupies most of the county. | 16,206 | 2,209.36sqmi (5,722km) | ||
| Phillips County | 095 | Holyoke | 1889-03-27 | Split fromLogan County. | Named in honor of R.O. Phillips, secretary of the Lincoln Land Company, which sold farmsteads in the area. | 4,442 | 688.30sqmi (1,783km) | ||
| Pitkin County | 097 | Aspen | 1881-02-23 | Split fromGunnison County. | Named in honor ofFrederick Walker Pitkin, the secondGovernorof the State of Colorado. | 17,148 | 970.37sqmi (2,513km) | ||
| Prowers County | 099 | Lamar | 1889-04-11 | Split fromBent County. | Named in honor of John W. Prowers, a pioneer of theArkansas Rivervalley. | 12,551 | 1,645.37sqmi (4,261km) | ||
| Pueblo County | 101 | Pueblo | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named for historic town ofPueblo.Pueblois a Spanish word meaningvillageorpeople. | 159,063 | 2,396.77sqmi (6,208km) | ||
| Rio Blanco County | 103 | Meeker | 1889-03-25 | Split fromGarfield County. | Named for theWhite River, which was originally namedRio Blancoin Spanish. | 6,666 | 3,226.24sqmi (8,356km) | ||
| Rio Grande County | 105 | Del Norte | 1874-02-10 | Split fromCostilla CountyandConejos Countycounties. | Named for theRio Grande, which flows through the area. | 11,982 | 913.10sqmi (2,365km) | ||
| Routt County | 107 | Steamboat Springs | 1877-01-29 | Split fromGrand County. | Named in honor ofJohn Long Routt, the firstGovernorof the State of Colorado. | 23,509 | 2,362.11sqmi (6,118km) | ||
| Saguache County | 109 | Saguache | 1866-12-29 | Split fromLakeandCostillacounties. | Name comes from aUte languagenoun meaning "sand dunes". | 6,108 | 3,168.32sqmi (8,206km) | ||
| San Juan County | 111 | Silverton | 1876-01-31 | Split fromLake County. | Named for theSan Juan RiverandSan Juan Mountains, which in turn were named forSaint John the Evangelist. | 699 | 388.99sqmi (1,007km) | ||
| San Miguel County | 113 | Telluride | 1883-03-02 | Split fromSan Juan County. | Named for theSan Miguel RiverandSan Miguel Mountains, which in turn were named forSaint Michael the Archangel. | 7,359 | 1,290.76sqmi (3,343km) | ||
| Sedgwick County | 115 | Julesburg | 1889-04-09 | Split fromLogan County. | Named for Fort Sedgwick, which, in turn, was named for U.S. Army GeneralJohn Sedgwick(1813 - 1864). | 2,379 | 548.83sqmi (1,421km) | ||
| Summit County | 117 | Breckenridge | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named for the many highmountain summitsin the area. | 27,994 | 618.92sqmi (1,603km) | ||
| Teller County | 119 | Cripple Creek | 1899-03-23 | Split fromEl PasoandFremontcounties. | Named in honor ofHenry Moore Teller, aU.S. SenatorfromColoradoandUnited States Secretary of the Interior. | 23,350 | 558.58sqmi (1,447km) | ||
| Washington County | 121 | Akron | 1887-02-09 | Split fromWeld County. | Named in honor ofGeorge Washington(1732 - 1799), the firstPresident of the United States. | 4,814 | 2,522.90sqmi (6,534km) | ||
| Weld County | 123 | Greeley | 1861-11-01 | Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. | Named in honor of Lewis Ledyard Weld, the first Secretary of theTerritory of Colorado. | 252,825 | 4,013.84sqmi (10,396km) | ||
| Yuma County | 125 | Wray | 1889-03-15 | Split fromWashington County. | Named for theQuechan (Yuma) NationofNative Americans. | 10,043 | 2,369.61sqmi (6,137km) |
地理環境
州旗科羅拉多州位於美國西部，洛磯山脈東側，西部地形以高山和丘陵為主，東部則是高原地形。全州平均高度海拔2072米，為50個州中地勢最高的一個州。落基山脈的埃爾伯特峰海拔4402米，為該州最高峰。落基山脈以東為科羅拉多山前地帶，寬80公里，長440公里，地表呈波狀起伏。山前地帶面積為全州的34%，人口占全州的80%。再往東屬高平原地區，氣溫乾旱，年降水量平均僅406毫米，70%為夏雨。落基山脈縱貫本州中部，構成著名的大陸分水嶺，東部屬大西洋流域，西部屬太平洋流域。落基山地東坡的普拉特河及阿肯色河都是密西西比河的支流，格蘭德河南流入新墨西哥州，最後注入墨西哥灣。科羅拉多河由此州向西南流，注入加利福尼亞灣。州內落基山地以西，多未開發，有小片印第安人保留區。氣候溫和，丹佛的7月均溫為23℃，1月均溫為－2℃。
自然資源
科羅拉多州盛產礦產，以金、銀。現以鉬、鈾、鋅、釩、銅、鉛、石油、煤和天然氣為主。 鉬產量居全國首位。
人口比例
科羅拉多州科羅拉多州人口486萬，位居全美第24位，其中白人占總人口的82.8%，拉美裔、黑人、亞太裔分別占總人口的19.7%、3.7%和2.8%。
經濟概況
科羅拉多州自然風光科羅拉多州經濟傳統上以礦產開發和農業為主，自然資源非常豐富，主要包括森林、煤、原油、天然氣、金、銀、各種石料等。農產品主要有玉米、水果、牛肉、各類蔬菜。為擺脫過 份依賴礦業和農業的局面，科羅拉多州政府一直以經濟的“多元化”為主導目標，現已成為美國製造業、旅遊業、服務業、通訊和高科技業、交通運輸業較為發達的州。其中旅遊收入在美各州中排名第8位，特別是冬季以滑雪勝地而聞名。
主要旅遊景點：岩石山國家公園、科羅拉多國家歷史文物、恐龍國家歷史文物、大的沙丘國家歷史文物和自然保護區、盛大Mesa 國家森林、派克國家森林、羅斯福國家森林、聖·伊莎貝爾國家森林、白色河國家森林、西部麋自然保護區。
社會事業
教育事業
科羅拉多州羅拉多州公共教育、文化事業較發達，州內大學在能源、採礦技術、環境保護、生物技術、藥學、遺傳學、新型材料、航天、氣象學、電訊和計算機領域的研究屬世界領先水平。目前有科羅拉多州礦業學院、科羅拉多州州立大學、科羅拉多大學等8所著名高等院校、81所大專院校、1771多所公立學校和499所私立學校，在校生86萬。丹佛大學國際關係學院設有美中合作中心。
州立大學：科羅拉多大學、科羅拉多大學圓石市分校、科羅拉多大學科羅拉多泉分校、科羅拉多大學丹佛分校、科羅拉多州立大學、科羅拉多礦業學院、北科羅拉多大學、亞當斯州立學院、科羅拉多西方州立學院、南科羅拉多大學、路易斯堡學院、科羅拉多技術學院、大都會州立學院、美國空軍軍官學校。
私立大學：丹佛大學（University of Denver）、洛雷多高原學院、瑞吉斯學院、科羅拉多學院。
服務業
美國空軍軍官學校科羅拉多州是一個文化和歷史中心，擁有豐 富的旅遊資源，冬季是滑雪勝地，夏季是登山者的好去處。落基山國家公園和梅莎爾地國家公園是該州最受歡迎的景點。全美奧林匹克集訓中心在科羅拉多州，主要報紙有《丹佛郵報》和《落基山新聞》。
友好城市
1984年1月23日，科州與湖南省建立友好省州關係；科州的普韋布洛市與山東濰坊市建立友好城市關係；丹佛市與昆明市於1986年5月15日建立友好城市關係；博爾德與拉薩於1987年4月10日建立友好城市關係，美方於1989年11月14日無故中止。
交通情況
科羅拉多州科羅拉多州發達的高速公路和鐵路系統使它成為了一個主要的商品分撥中心，科羅拉多州境內的公路總長9200英里，州際間高速公路954英里，最主要的25及40號州際公路與該州境內四通八達的聯邦和州道路構成綿密便利之交通網。丹佛附近的埃文斯山上的公路海拔3400米，是美國海拔最高的公路。鐵路設施方面，有五條主要鐵道連線美國各主要港口。丹佛國際機場是世界上最繁忙的機場之一（在全美各機場中排名第六位），每天約有1400架次的飛機起落，每年約有3800萬人次的旅客。
著名人物
喬治·伽莫夫埃里克·康奈爾（1961-）：物理學家，因在玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚方面的成就而獲諾貝爾物理獎
約翰·Q·威爾森（James Q. Wilson ， 1931–2012）：政治科學學者，以公共管治方面的研究最為知名
尼古拉·特斯拉（1856–1943）：電機發明家、工程師
露絲·韓德爾（Ruth Handler，1916-2002）：芭比玩偶的發明人
威拉得·利比（1908－1980）：放射性碳定年法的發明人，諾貝爾化學獎
范朋克（1883－1939）：電影演員
傑克·丹姆西（Jack Dempsey，1895-1983）：世界重量級拳擊冠軍
約翰·丹佛（1943－1997）：民歌歌手
喬治·伽莫夫（1904－1968）：物理學家、宇宙學家、科普作家，熱大爆炸宇宙學模型的創立者
赫伯特·克勒默（1928－）：諾貝爾物理獎得主，以半導體的研究為主
