簡介
學名Gymnostomum
科名叢蘚科Pottiaceae
屬名淨口蘚屬Gymnostomum
中文名淨口蘚屬
中文異名
描述
屬4淨口蘚屬GymnostomumNeesetHornsch.Bryol.Germ.1:153.1823nom.cons.
模式種:淨口鮮G.calcareumNeesetHornsch.
植物體密集叢生,每年自先端萌生新枝,一年年向上生長,疣年後往往形成高大的墊狀蘚叢。莖直立,稀分枝。葉濕時傾立,乾燥時向內捲曲,呈長橢圓狀披針形或狹長披針形;葉邊平展,全緣;中肋粗壯,多不到葉尖即消失;葉上部細胞較小,呈多角狀圓或方形,具細密疣;下部細胞呈不規則的長方形,平滑,無色透明或略帶黃色。雌雄異株。雌苞葉基部略成鞘狀。蒴柄細長;孢蒴直立,呈卵狀長圓形;蒴齒缺失;蒴蓋易脫落,或與蒴軸相連;蒴帽狹兜形,具長斜喙狀尖。孢子黃棕色,平滑或具細密疣。本屬約有21種,分布於南北半球的溫帶地區,多生於山區石灰岩上,或生於牆壁上。我國已記錄有7種。
分種檢索表
1.葉片呈舌形或長橢圓狀披針形,先端圓鈍;中肋粗壯,長不及葉尖·······················2
1.葉片呈狹長披針形,先端漸尖,中肋較細,長達葉尖·····························4
2.植株細小,黃綠帶黑色;葉片較短,幾呈舌形·······················4.淨口蘚G.calcareum
2.植株較粗大,鮮綠色;葉片較狹長,呈披針形或卵狀披針形··························3
3.葉片基部呈闊卵形;葉細胞壁特厚,胞壁平滑無疣···················5.厚壁淨口蘚G.laxirete
3.葉片基部狹長條形;葉細胞壁較薄,每一細胞壁上具數個圓疣············1.銅綠淨口蘚G.aeruginosum
4.葉細胞壁角部強烈增厚,每1細胞壁上具單一大圓疣,稀具2疣············3.橙色淨口蘚G.aurantiacum
4.葉細胞壁角部無特殊增厚,每1細胞壁上具多個細胞疣····························5
5.葉基成鞘狀抱莖;葉細胞呈規則的5---6角形,細胞壁較薄,排列整齊········7.硬葉淨口蘚G.suhrigidulum
5.葉基不成鞘狀;葉細胞呈多角狀圓形、方形或偏方形,細胞壁較厚,排列不整齊·················6
6.莖分枝密;葉片上部細胞呈多角狀圓形或矩圓形;葉細胞壁上具多個突出的圓疣···6.鉤喙淨口蘚G.recurvirostre
6.莖稀具分枝;葉片上部細胞多呈方形或偏方形;葉細胞壁上疏被不明顯細疣····2.擬叢淨口蘚G.anoectangioides