平行結構
一、連詞連線兩個對等的詞和對等的結構並列連詞and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than等以及從屬連詞than可連線兩個對等的詞和對等的結構。
1.所連線的謂語形式必須一致
例1：He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.
例2：Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.
2.所連線的詞或短語形式必須一致
例1：Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.
例2：We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.
例3：I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.
3.連線的非謂語動詞的形式必須一致
例1：Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.
例2：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.
4.所連線的句子結構必須一致
例1：She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.
例2：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.
二、某些特定的固定結構。
舉例
(1)有些詞後要用平行結構。例如：prefer sth to sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth
prefer to do sth rather than do sth
1) I prefer rice to noodles.
2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.
3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.
(2)有些結構中要用平行結構。例如：
would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as soon do something as do something (寧可……也不……)
1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.
2) I would as soon stay at home as go.
III 部分強調句
要強調句子的某一部分，可以把句子的結構改變一下，通常有兩種表示強調的句式：It is / was … that …結構和What … is / was…結構。
一、It is / was … that … 結構
1.It is / was … that … 結構可以用來強調句子中幾乎任何部分
例1：It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.
例2：It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.
2.被強調的部分指人時，可用who枵whom
強調主語時，如果指的是人， 可以不用that而用who來代替。強調賓語時，如果指點的是人，可用whom。例如：
1）It was the dean who walked by.
2）It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.
3被強調部分指物時，要用that
例如：It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.
4.被強調部分是狀語時，也只能用that，不能用when或where.
例1：It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.
例2：It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.
5.不能用It is / was … that 結構強調動詞
強調動詞常用do,過去式用did。例如：
1) They did study very hard yesterday.
2) He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.
What … is / was … 結構
二、What … is / was … 結構常用來強調主語或賓語，在這種結構中，is/ was後面是強調的部分。例如：
1）What hurts is my left leg.
2）What I like is her style.
