八大時態

指英語中的八個基本時態,即:一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去將來時、現在進行時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時。

基本信息

一般現在時

1.概念:指經常、反覆發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。

2.時間狀語:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本結構:動詞+ 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要加(e)S)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。

5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。

6.例句:. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

7.特殊用法:一些動詞可用一般現在時來表達現在進行時:

verbs of the senses: hear,see,taste,smell

verbs of the thinking: believe,know,mean,realize,think,remember

verbs of the linking: dislike,fear,hate,like,love,want

verbs of the possession: belong,have,own,possess

一般過去時

1.概念:過去某個時間裡發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。

2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本結構:含有Be動詞主語+was/were+形容詞或者名詞......

不含有be動詞:主語+動詞過去式+......

4.否定句:帶be:主語+was/were not+形容詞或者名詞+......

不帶be:主語+didn't+動詞原形+......

5.一般疑問句:含be動詞was或were放於句首;

不含be動詞用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞原型。

Did+主語+動詞原形+……?

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

She sang a song of Lin Feng yesterday .

現在進行時

1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。

2.時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.

3.基本結構:Be動詞(am/is/are)+doing

4.否定形式:Be動詞(am/is/are)+not+doing.

5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於疑問詞的後面。

6.例句:How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

7. 一般表示位移的詞如leave fly arrive go come. 等用現在進行時表將來。
I am flying Beijing next week .表示我下周即將飛往北京。
He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天即將去北京。

8.現在進行時就是一個動詞後面加ing

過去進行時

1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。

2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。

3.基本結構:was/were + doing

4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。

6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

現在完成時

1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。

2.時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本結構:have/has + done

4.否定形式:have/has + not + done.

5.一般疑問句:have或has提前。

6.例句:I've written an article.

It has been raining these days.

過去完成時

1.概念:以過去某個時間為標準,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。

2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.

3.基本結構:had + done.

4.否定形式:had + not + done.

5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。

6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

一般將來時

1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計畫或準備做某事。

2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本結構:am/is/are + going to + do;will/shall + do.

4.否定形式:am/is/are + not+going to; 在行為動詞前加will/shall(will適用於所有人稱,shall只用於第一人稱)

5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

I think he will be back soon

過去將來時

1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。

2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本結構:was/were + going to + do;would/should + do.

4.否定形式:was/were + not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

I asked who was going there .

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