South Africa

South Africa, located in the southern hemisphere, is located in the southernmost continent, between 22 degrees and 35 degrees south latitude and longitude 17 degrees and 33 degrees, with a land area of 1219090 km2, its east, south and west by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by land in Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland border.Australia across the Indian Ocean in the east and west across the Atlantic Ocean and Brazil, and Argentina.South Africa's finance, legal, communications, energy, transportation is developed, owns a complete hardware infrastructure and stock markets, gold, diamond production accounted for about half the world.Deep underground mining and technology play a leading role in the world.However, South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence.South Africa has three capital cities: the capital (administrative seat of the Central Government), now renamed the Pretoria (Tshwane), judicial (Supreme Court) is the capital city of Bloemfontein, where the parliament is the legislative capital (Cape Town).

Overview

South Africa, the name was the Republic of South Africa, The Republic of South Africa), located in the southernmost part of the African continent, to the north by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland, east, west and south Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean on the other, there is another case of Lesotho, surrounded by South African territory, as well as the two oceans of shipping between the west, the southwest end of the Cape of Good Hope route is traditionally one of the world's busiest sea lanes, called "the western maritime lifeline" say, spreadacross South Africa, the name was the Republic of South Africa, The Republic of South Africa), located in the southernmost part of the African continent, to the north by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland, east, west and south Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean on the other, there is another case of Lesotho, surrounded by South African territory, as well as the two oceans of shipping between the west, the southwest end of the Cape of Good Hope route is traditionally one of the world's busiest sea lanes, called "the western maritime lifeline" say, spreadacross . 122 square kilometers in South Africa is the only country in the world with the simultaneous presence of the three capitals of the country,the administrative capital of Pretoria in South Africa. Pretoria is the seat of the Central Government, the legislative capital Cape Town Cape Town is South Africa's Parliament, is the nation's second - largest city and major port, located at the southwest end, which is important for the international shipping lanes at the intersection of the axis, the judicial capital of Bloemfontein for the national judicial mechanism of
is the seat of the "rainbow nation" in the "Rainbow" were not really of a rainbow, but by the South African archbishop desmond tutu in the founding of the Republic of South Africa after apartheid when put forward a proposal, said South Africa is a rainbow nation,Because South Africa has a variety of ethnic and national cultures, the rainbow nation's moral is that different races of people to peaceful life in this beautiful country where is the seat of the "rainbow nation" in the "Rainbow" were not really of a rainbow, but by the South African archbishop desmond tutu in the founding of the Republic of South Africa after apartheid when put forward a proposal, said South Africa is a rainbow nation,Because South Africa has a variety of ethnic and national cultures, the rainbow nation's moral is that different races of people to peaceful life in this beautiful country where . is excluded by the apartheid ideology, blacks, whites, Indians, Mongoloid, Arabs, et cetera, et cetera, are converged into a rainbow, living together - is excluded by the apartheid ideology, blacks, whites, Indians, Mongoloid, Arabs, et cetera, et cetera, are converged into a rainbow, living together - .
This is a very beautiful and the people of South Africa whose efforts target This is a very beautiful and the people of South Africa whose efforts target .

Basic Situation

National Flag: The 1994 Mar 155 of South Africa to the multi - party Transitional Executive Committee has approved a new flag National Flag: The 1994 Mar 155 of South Africa to the multi - party Transitional Executive Committee has approved a new flag . new flag was rectangular, length and width ratio of about 3: 2, by the black, yellow, green, red, white and blue six - color geometric pattern, a symbol of racial reconciliation, national unity and new flag was rectangular, length and width ratio of about 3: 2, by the black, yellow, green, red, white and blue six - color geometric pattern, a symbol of racial reconciliation, national unity and .
emblem: the sun means its bright future;Eagle wings of the heron was God's representative, the symbol of the defence forces;kaleidoscopic patterns symbolize beautiful terrain, to the revival of Africa South Africa's national emblem and the strength of the set;Heron eagle replaced with both feet of the spear with a knobkerrie symbolizes peace and the defence and sovereignty;in a drum shape as a heraldic symbol of the rich and the spirit of the defence;the shield is taken from the famous stone - carving art of character patterns symbolize unity;to find a wheatear which is the symbol of fecundity, growth, development of their potential, people, food and clothing, and agricultural features;Ivory symbolizes wisdom, strength, moderation and eternity.ivory between both sides of the text is the "national unity" anthem: In May 1995, South Africa formally adopted a new anthem, with new lyrics for the anthem of the Zulu, Zhe Hausa, Tony Su, English and Afrikaans languages languages, including the former national anthem "God Bless Africa" the words of the prayer, the full song lasting 1 minute 35 seconds, and the original anthem "of South Africa were" magnificent soprano melody and concludes with a anthem: In May 1995, South Africa formally adopted a new anthem, with new lyrics for the anthem of the Zulu, Zhe Hausa, Tony Su, English and Afrikaans languages languages, including the former national anthem "God Bless Africa" the words of the prayer, the full song lasting 1 minute 35 seconds, and the original anthem "of South Africa were" magnificent soprano melody and concludes with a .
original anthem called "God Bless Africa", on 15 March 1994 with the approval of the song by a black pastor Nock original anthem called "God Bless Africa", on 15 March 1994 with the approval of the song by a black pastor Nock . Sanford and Tonga in 1897, she wrote,In 1912, for the first time in the South African Native National Congress on black nationalism as a hymn, and popular in the black African countries welcome Sanford and Tonga in 1897, she wrote,In 1912, for the first time in the South African Native National Congress on black nationalism as a hymn, and popular in the black African countries welcome .
Shi: diamond Shi: diamond.

Historical Evolution

South Africa is the earliest of the indigenous San people, the Khoi people and later moved to the south of the Bantu South Africa is the earliest of the indigenous San people, the Khoi people and later moved to the south of the Bantu . 1652 by the Dutch invasion, on the local black launched several colonial wars 1652 by the Dutch invasion, on the local black launched several colonial wars .
at the beginning of the 19th century the British invaded, captured in 1806 "Cape Colony", South African Boers were forced to migrate to the mainland, and in 1852 and in 1854 had founded the "Free State" and "Shetland Tuva Republic" at the beginning of the 19th century the British invaded, captured in 1806 "Cape Colony", South African Boers were forced to migrate to the mainland, and in 1852 and in 1854 had founded the "Free State" and "Shetland Tuva Republic" . 1867 and 1886 after the discovery of diamonds and gold in South Africa, large numbers of European immigrants flocked to 1867 and 1886 after the discovery of diamonds and gold in South Africa, large numbers of European immigrants flocked to .
Britons through "the boer war" (1899 - 1902),annexation of the Free State and Transvaal Republic Britons through "the boer war" (1899 - 1902),annexation of the Free State and Transvaal Republic . May 1910, the UK's Cape Province, Transvaal, Natal and Orange Free State merged into the Union of South Africa, becoming a self - governing British protectorate May 1910, the UK's Cape Province, Transvaal, Natal and Orange Free State merged into the Union of South Africa, becoming a self - governing British protectorate .
31 May 1961, South Africa from the Commonwealth, as well as the establishment of the Republic of South Africa 31 May 1961, South Africa from the Commonwealth, as well as the establishment of the Republic of South Africa . white South African authorities in long - term domestic legislative and administrative measures to implement the policy of apartheid and racial discrimination, racism has issued hundreds of laws and decrees of the white South African authorities in long - term domestic legislative and administrative measures to implement the policy of apartheid and racial discrimination, racism has issued hundreds of laws and decrees of the .
in 1984 when the Kuomintang came into power, the full implementation of the apartheid regime, the crackdown on the people of South Africa to the struggle and drew international condemnation and sanctions in 1984 when the Kuomintang came into power, the full implementation of the apartheid regime, the crackdown on the people of South Africa to the struggle and drew international condemnation and sanctions . 1989,W. de Klerk became the head of the nationalist party leader and president, political reform, the abolition of Negro Emancipation, and the president released Mandela
et al., 1991, the ANC, the South African Government, the Guomindang and other 19 parties on a political settlement of the question of South Africa for multi - party negotiations, and in 1993 on a political transition agreement over 1994 4 ~ 5 months, South Africa held its first elections with the participation of all ethnic, South Africa's first non - racial general election, the ANC and the Communist Party, the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the tripartite alliance). The number of 65 percent majority victory, Mandela became South Africa's first black president of the ANC, the Kuomintang,Inkatha Freedom Party lead Ehud Barak
This marked the end of the apartheid regime and of democracy, equality, the birth of the new South Africa This marked the end of the apartheid regime and of democracy, equality, the birth of the new South Africa . 23 June 1994, the General Assembly adopted a resolution to restore South Africa to the UN at the seats of the 23 June 1994, the General Assembly adopted a resolution to restore South Africa to the UN at the seats of the .
in December 1996, South African President Nelson Mandela signed the new constitution, and the establishment of a racial equality of the new country's institutional legal foundation for the in December 1996, South African President Nelson Mandela signed the new constitution, and the establishment of a racial equality of the new country's institutional legal foundation for the . 2015 on 21 February, the new South Africa into the international terrorist Al - Qaeda 2015 on 21 February, the new South Africa into the international terrorist Al - Qaeda .

Physical Geography

Geographic Location

located on the southernmost continent, its latitude from 22 to 35 south latitude, the longitude of the longitude from 17 to 33 located on the southernmost continent, its latitude from 22 to 35 south latitude, the longitude of the longitude from 17 to 33 . to the north by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland, Lesotho encircling the middle, making it the largest Chinese State to the north by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland, Lesotho encircling the middle, making it the largest Chinese State .
in the east, south and west to the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, cradled in the arms, located between two oceans of shipping hub, its important geographic location in the south - western extremity of the Cape of Good Hope route in the east, south and west to the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, cradled in the arms, located between two oceans of shipping hub, its important geographic location in the south - western extremity of the Cape of Good Hope route ., is traditionally one of the world's busiest sea lanes, called "the western maritime lifeline," said , is traditionally one of the world's busiest sea lanes, called "the western maritime lifeline," said .
area 1221038 km2, a coastline of 2,500km,Land area in the world ranked 24 area 1221038 km2, a coastline of 2,500km,Land area in the world ranked 24 . throughout most of is situated at an altitude of 600 meters above the plateau throughout most of is situated at an altitude of 600 meters above the plateau .
drakensburg mountains southeast, Cathkin Peak Height up to 3660 meters, is the highest peak of the country;the northwest is desert, the Kalahari is part of the basin;L. labrosus inhabits northern, central and southwestern parts of the Qinghai - Tibet plateau and Loess plateau; is a narrow coastal plains of the Orange River and the Limpopo is one of the two main rivers in the southwest of the Cape of Good Hope in Africa's most is a narrow coastal plains of the Orange River and the Limpopo is one of the two main rivers in the southwest of the Cape of Good Hope in Africa's most .
end end .

Climatic Environment

Most of its area has a tropical savanna climate, off the west coast of the tropical desert climate, the southern coastal climate is Mediterranean - type climate is divided into 4 Most of its area has a tropical savanna climate, off the west coast of the tropical desert climate, the southern coastal climate is Mediterranean - type climate is divided into 4 . throughout the summer, autumn and winter season throughout the summer, autumn and winter season .
12 months from November to next summer, the maximum temperatures can reach 32 ~ 38. degree. C.;6 ~ 8 months during the winter, the lowest temperature is - 10 ~ 12 - c annual precipitation of 1000 mm from the East to the West is gradually reduced to 60 mm, with an average of 450 mm annual precipitation of 1000 mm from the East to the West is gradually reduced to 60 mm, with an average of 450 mm .
's capital, Pretoria, with an average annual temperature of 17 C 's capital, Pretoria, with an average annual temperature of 17 C . South Africa is located in the southern hemisphere, is located in the southernmost continent, between 22 and 35 south latitude and longitude 17 and 33 between the land area is 1219090 square kilometers, the equivalent of the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, France and Germany, five countries the sum of the area, smaller than China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;its east, south and west by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on the north by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland borders; South Africa is located in the southern hemisphere, is located in the southernmost continent, between 22 and 35 south latitude and longitude 17 and 33 between the land area is 1219090 square kilometers, the equivalent of the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, France and Germany, five countries the sum of the area, smaller than China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;its east, south and west by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on the north by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland borders;.

Mineral Resources

South Africa is the world's top - five in the country of one of the South Africa is the world's top - five in the country of one of the . in 2009 with a per capita GDP of $ in 2009 with a per capita GDP of $.
5824, mining, manufacturing and agriculture are the three pillars of the economy, deep mining technology in the world's leading position 5824, mining, manufacturing and agriculture are the three pillars of the economy, deep mining technology in the world's leading position . the branchs of national economy development level, imbalanced regional distribution, the pattern of income distribution, the branchs of national economy development level, imbalanced regional distribution, the pattern of income distribution, .
South Africa is rich in mineral resources is famous around the world, proven reserves and now there are over 70 kinds of mineral resources, gold, platinum group metal, manganese, vanadium, chromium, silicon aluminates of reserves in the world's largest port, wherein the gold reserves, which accounts for 60%, vermiculite, and zirconium, titanium, fluorspar is second phosphate, ranking the antimony, uranium, lead is fifth,coal, zinc ranking, ranking 9th in the iron ore, copper ranks fourteenth in South Africa is rich in mineral resources is famous around the world, proven reserves and now there are over 70 kinds of mineral resources, gold, platinum group metal, manganese, vanadium, chromium, silicon aluminates of reserves in the world's largest port, wherein the gold reserves, which accounts for 60%, vermiculite, and zirconium, titanium, fluorspar is second phosphate, ranking the antimony, uranium, lead is fifth,coal, zinc ranking, ranking 9th in the iron ore, copper ranks fourteenth in . diamonds, asbestos, copper, vanadium, uranium and coal, iron, titanium, mica, lead, etc. abundant mineral reserves, gold, diamonds, vanadium, manganese, chromium, antimony, uranium, and asbestos production across the world.
abundant resources, cheap labor, advanced management, to enable South Africa to become Africa's biggest economic abundant resources, cheap labor, advanced management, to enable South Africa to become Africa's biggest economic . mining, manufacturing, construction and energy industries as South Africa's industrial divisions, mineral exports, exports account for about 50 per cent of their income, about 12% of the workforce is engaged in mining in South African Mining Bureau statistics mining, manufacturing, construction and energy industries as South Africa's industrial divisions, mineral exports, exports account for about 50 per cent of their income, about 12% of the workforce is engaged in mining in South African Mining Bureau statistics .
,2007 The explored mineral reserves: 36,000 tons of gold (all of the 40. 1%, the same below), a platinum group metal 7 tons (87. 7%), 40 million tons of manganese (80%), vanadium 1200 tonnes (32%), vermiculite 8000 tons (40%), Cr - 55 tonnes (72. 4%), uranium (34. 1 million tons (7. 2%), coal 279 tonnes (6. 1%), 15 million tons of iron ore (0. 9%), and titanium 2. 44 gigatonnes (16.9%), zirconium 1400 tons (19. 4%), 8,000 tons of fluorspar (16. 7%),25 million tons of phosphate (5. 0%), 20 tons of antimony (4. 7%), 300 tons of lead (2. 0%), zinc 1500 tons (3. 3%), copper (1300 tons 1. 4%)

Geomorphic Feature

South Africa and southernmost of the plateau, south, north, east and west of the edge region is coastal lowland, surrounded by mountains to the north with the northern inland South Africa and southernmost of the plateau, south, north, east and west of the edge region is coastal lowland, surrounded by mountains to the north with the northern inland which is located in Kalahari Desert, mostly shrubby grassland or desert, with an altitude of about 650 to 1250 altitude metres
the surrounding heights exceeding 1200 m at its highest point in eastern South Africa the surrounding heights exceeding 1200 m at its highest point in eastern South Africa . Great Escarpment of the Tagbana Mountain, at an elevation of 3482 m Great Escarpment of the Tagbana Mountain, at an elevation of 3482 m .
is the eastern Drakensberg runs is the eastern Drakensberg runs .

River Area

Orange River flows through central South Africa, westward to the Atlantic Ocean, Cornwall and the River Dun River is its main tributary Orange River flows through central South Africa, westward to the Atlantic Ocean, Cornwall and the River Dun River is its main tributary .

Population

Population: approximately 5059 million () in the first half of 2011, the mostly black, white, coloured and Asian - - one of the four races, Blacks are Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Sotho, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Venda, Ndebele etc. 9 tribes, mainly used by Bantu mainly white Dutch Afrikaner and British descent of whites, the language Afrikaans and English mainly white Dutch Afrikaner and British descent of whites, the language Afrikaans and English .
is a white coloured people during the colonial period, indigenous and mixed - race descendants of slaves, mainly using Afrikaans is a white coloured people during the colonial period, indigenous and mixed - race descendants of slaves, mainly using Afrikaans . Asian people, mainly ethnic Chinese and Indians Asian people, mainly ethnic Chinese and Indians .
There are 11 official languages.English and Afrikaans (Afrikaans) is a universal language residents believe the main Protestant Christianity, Catholicism, Islam and the Primitive Religion residents believe the main Protestant Christianity, Catholicism, Islam and the Primitive Religion .

National Symbol

Flies The Flag Of The People's Republic Of China

enable flag of the People's Republic of South Africa on 27 April 1994 enable flag of the People's Republic of South Africa on 27 April 1994 . flag was rectangular, length to width ratio of 3: 2 flag was rectangular, length to width ratio of 3: 2 .
by red, green, blue, white, black, yellow, composed of six colors, Y - shaped (the official explanation was the V and then to the flat - line, rather than the Y by red, green, blue, white, black, yellow, composed of six colors, Y - shaped (the official explanation was the V and then to the flat - line, rather than the Y .) surface area is a red flag, and the lower region is blue, each occupying one - third of the width of the flag, to signify blood ) surface area is a red flag, and the lower region is blue, each occupying one - third of the width of the flag, to signify blood .
flag in the center of the surface being a transverse Y - shaped three - color strip, which accounts for one - third of the width of the flag symbolizes flag in the center of the surface being a transverse Y - shaped three - color strip, which accounts for one - third of the width of the flag symbolizes . polymerizing different South African peoples and common development, walk to the future of polymerizing different South African peoples and common development, walk to the future of .
road for this red region, blue region and the cover cloth is connected to the flagpole at the black triangle road for this red region, blue region and the cover cloth is connected to the flagpole at the black triangle . Three color bars of the intermediate color is green,has a width corresponding to one - fifth of the width of the flag, representing the earth, green is flanked by gold and white, each accounting for about one - fifteenth of the width of the flag, and gold stands for gold, and white - the colour of white dress and gold is connected to one end of the black triangle, black represents the black Three color bars of the intermediate color is green,has a width corresponding to one - fifth of the width of the flag, representing the earth, green is flanked by gold and white, each accounting for about one - fifteenth of the width of the flag, and gold stands for gold, and white - the colour of white dress and gold is connected to one end of the black triangle, black represents the black .

National Emblem

South Africa's national emblem is enabled to 27 April 2000 South Africa's national emblem is enabled to 27 April 2000 . sun means its bright future;Eagle wings of the heron was God's representative, the symbol of the defence forces;kaleidoscopic patterns symbolize beautiful terrain, to the revival of Africa, as well as the strength of the set;Heron eagle replaced with both feet of the spear with a knobkerrie symbolizes peace and the defence and sovereignty;in a drum shape as a heraldic symbol of the rich and the spirit of the defence;the shield is taken from the famous stone - carving art of character patterns symbolize unity;to find a wheatear which is the symbol of fecundity, growth, development of their potential, people, food and clothing, and agricultural features;Ivory symbolizes wisdom, strength, moderation and eternity.ivory between both sides of the text is the "national unity"

National Anthem Of The People's Republic Of China

In May 1995, formally adopted the new national anthem of South Africa, the new national anthem lyrics Zulu, Hausa, Tswana, Afrikaans and English written in five languages, including the former national anthem "God Bless Africa" the words of the prayer, the full song lasting 1 minute 35 seconds, and the original anthem "of South Africa were" magnificent soprano melody and concludes with a In May 1995, formally adopted the new national anthem of South Africa, the new national anthem lyrics Zulu, Hausa, Tswana, Afrikaans and English written in five languages, including the former national anthem "God Bless Africa" the words of the prayer, the full song lasting 1 minute 35 seconds, and the original anthem "of South Africa were" magnificent soprano melody and concludes with a . original anthem called "God Bless Africa", on 15 March 1994 with the approval of the song by a black pastor Nock original anthem called "God Bless Africa", on 15 March 1994 with the approval of the song by a black pastor Nock .
Sanford and Tonga in 1897, she wrote, in 1912 for the first time in the South African Native National Congress on black nationalism as a hymn in Africa by blacks to welcome Sanford and Tonga in 1897, she wrote, in 1912 for the first time in the South African Native National Congress on black nationalism as a hymn in Africa by blacks to welcome .

Guo Shi

diamonddiamond.

Guohua

. imperial flowers shrubs, aka the linden flower, commonly known as the wood lily or Longan Spend imperial flowers shrubs, aka the linden flower, commonly known as the wood lily or Longan Spend .

Political Constitution

Polity

On 18 November 1993, the multi - party negotiations in South Africa through the interim constitution draft, 27 April 1994 and entered into force on On 18 November 1993, the multi - party negotiations in South Africa through the interim constitution draft, 27 April 1994 and entered into force on . South Arica. This is the first manifestation of racial equality in the Constitution
8 May 1996, the Constituent Assembly by the new draft Constitution, as revised on 7 October, and December 4 8 May 1996, the Constituent Assembly by the new draft Constitution, as revised on 7 October, and December 4 . ratification of the Constitutional Court on 10 December, President Mandela signed the decree of approval of a new constitution, new constitution in 1997 to begin the phased implementation of the new Constitution ratification of the Constitutional Court on 10 December, President Mandela signed the decree of approval of a new constitution, new constitution in 1997 to begin the phased implementation of the new Constitution .
retained in the interim constitution bill of rights, separation of powers system,federal government administration and the judiciary is a major constitutional principles and the contents of the retained in the interim constitution bill of rights, separation of powers system,federal government administration and the judiciary is a major constitutional principles and the contents of the . to the interim constitution amendment in 1999, after the election, the political parties in proportion to the power - sharing in the general election instead of the majority to govern alone to the interim constitution amendment in 1999, after the election, the political parties in proportion to the power - sharing in the general election instead of the majority to govern alone .
the new provisions of the Constitution, without distinction as to race, sex, religion, equality before the law and the judiciary by the new provisions of the Constitution, without distinction as to race, sex, religion, equality before the law and the judiciary by . the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, High Court, District Court and state prosecution and procuratorial organs at all levels consists of the Constitutional Court to interpret constitutional the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, High Court, District Court and state prosecution and procuratorial organs at all levels consists of the Constitutional Court to interpret constitutional .
is the highest judicial body;in addition to the Supreme Court for constitutional matters, the highest judicial body;State prosecution to the Attorney - General Directorate - General responsible for procuratorial work, each set corresponding to the High Court;procuratorial organs at all levels needs to sue of court of is the highest judicial body;in addition to the Supreme Court for constitutional matters, the highest judicial body;State prosecution to the Attorney - General Directorate - General responsible for procuratorial work, each set corresponding to the High Court;procuratorial organs at all levels needs to sue of court of . by national parliaments and local legislature composed of the National Assembly parliament Bundestag by national parliaments and local legislature composed of the National Assembly parliament Bundestag .
divided into provincial affairs and a National Committee for the National Assembly has a total of 400 seats, with 200 seats through nationwide general election; the other 200 seats are elected by the provincial government divided into provincial affairs and a National Committee for the National Assembly has a total of 400 seats, with 200 seats through nationwide general election; the other 200 seats are elected by the provincial government . levels: central, provincial and local levels, for a term of 5 years, and implemented president - parliamentary system, the president elected by the voters, the prime minister, is also the deputy president, appointed by the President of the National Assembly Majority Leader in the produce, the pleasure of the President,Other containing not more than 27 ministers appointed by the President and also President for a term not exceeding two levels: central, provincial and local levels, for a term of 5 years, and implemented president - parliamentary system, the president elected by the voters, the prime minister, is also the deputy president, appointed by the President of the National Assembly Majority Leader in the produce, the pleasure of the President,Other containing not more than 27 ministers appointed by the President and also President for a term not exceeding two .
. to the ANC as the main body of the national unity government to pursue reconciliation, stability, development of policies, properly handle ethnic conflicts, the full implementation of social reform, the implementation of the reconstruction and development plan "," black economic strength "or the" affirmative action ". In the recent past, blacks as a political, economic and social status, realized by the white power structure to the multi - racial coalition government for a smooth transition of power
1996, quit the unity government of the Kuomintang, under the leadership of the ANC's tripartite alliance has basically been governed alone 1996, quit the unity government of the Kuomintang, under the leadership of the ANC's tripartite alliance has basically been governed alone . the ANC continued to pursue a policy of ethnic reconciliation,efforts to maintain social stability, and constantly improve the black social status and standard of living, in a row to win the 1999 and 2007 the ANC continued to pursue a policy of ethnic reconciliation,efforts to maintain social stability, and constantly improve the black social status and standard of living, in a row to win the 1999 and 2007 .
of the 2004 election, the ANC has proposed building a "developmental state", to emphasize accelerated economic development, poverty, crime and other social problems, 2008 of the 2004 election, the ANC has proposed building a "developmental state", to emphasize accelerated economic development, poverty, crime and other social problems, 2008 ., , .
there is a substantial change in the political situation in South Africa on 21 September, Thabo Mbeki, President Thabo Mbeki announced his resignation there is a substantial change in the political situation in South Africa on 21 September, Thabo Mbeki, President Thabo Mbeki announced his resignation . 25 September, the National Assembly election the ANC deputy leader Kgalema Motlanthe, Kalai Ma () is a new president November 25 September, the National Assembly election the ANC deputy leader Kgalema Motlanthe, Kalai Ma () is a new president November .
,the portion of the front cabinet and a local dignitary from the ANC, and the founding of the People's Congress ,the portion of the front cabinet and a local dignitary from the ANC, and the founding of the People's Congress . 22 April 2009, South Africa held the fourth democratically elected ANC to 22 April 2009, South Africa held the fourth democratically elected ANC to .
65. 9% share of the popular vote wins re - election victory, and in addition to the outside of the Western Cape Provincial Council and eight in the victory of the opposition Democratic Alliance acquired .
Western Cape parliamentary election victory on 6 May, the National Assembly elections for the new ANC leader Jacob Zuma president Western Cape parliamentary election victory on 6 May, the National Assembly elections for the new ANC leader Jacob Zuma president . Nan in 2011 held on 18 May of the new local elections, the ANC to 61. 95% of the vote wins again

Constitution

In 1994 the Interim Constitution of South Africa is the first manifestation of racial equality In 1994 the Interim Constitution of South Africa is the first manifestation of racial equality . Constitution of 1996, the interim constitution on the basis of drafting a new constitution was approved, and in 1997 began a phased implementation Constitution of 1996, the interim constitution on the basis of drafting a new constitution was approved, and in 1997 began a phased implementation .
Constitution providing for administrative, legislative, and judiciary system, the central, provincial and local governments are interdependent, the rows whose right Constitution providing for administrative, legislative, and judiciary system, the central, provincial and local governments are interdependent, the rows whose right . Bill of Rights in the Constitution and Bill of Right) are referred to as the cornerstone of democracy in South Africa, an explicit guarantee of citizens' rights amendments to the Constitution is Bill of Rights in the Constitution and Bill of Right) are referred to as the cornerstone of democracy in South Africa, an explicit guarantee of citizens' rights amendments to the Constitution is .
shall be three - quarters of the National Assembly Members and Provincial Secretary by rising to a height of six provinces;Other such terms as to the National Assembly to amend the constitution by two - thirds of the lawmakers.As part of the ministry involves amending clauses, shall be the level rising to a height of six provinces by

Parliament

bicameral, divided into the National Assembly and Provincial Affairs Committee (hereinafter referred to as" LAWS), both for a term of 5 years bicameral, divided into the National Assembly and Provincial Affairs Committee (hereinafter referred to as" LAWS), both for a term of 5 years . the parliament held in April 2009 by the National and Provincial Assembly elections produced 9 the parliament held in April 2009 by the National and Provincial Assembly elections produced 9 .
National Assembly consists of 400, with 200 seats allocated according to the national result, another 200 seats in the provincial elections according to the result of allocating the ANC won National Assembly consists of 400, with 200 seats allocated according to the national result, another 200 seats in the provincial elections according to the result of allocating the ANC won . 264 seats (65. 9% and the Democratic Union of 67, the Yemen 30 seats, the Inkatha Freedom Party 18 seats, the Independent Democratic Party, United Democratic movement, the new Freedom Front 4 seats each,the remaining seats from the African Christian Democratic Party and other parties took possession of the National Assembly and the President of the
Max (Max Albertina Sisulu, the ANC's secretary of the province) Max (Max Albertina Sisulu, the ANC's secretary of the province) . 90 representatives and 10 representatives from each province, of which 6 were PRs, governor and other 4 persons in the Special Representative of the Chairman of the House Sam 90 representatives and 10 representatives from each province, of which 6 were PRs, governor and other 4 persons in the Special Representative of the Chairman of the House Sam .
Provincial Secretary and Minister Johannes Mach Ning Gu Lan (Johannes, Provincial Secretary and Minister Johannes Mach Ning Gu Lan (Johannes, . ANC) of South Africa's National Assembly and provincial sub - divisions of the Department of Government and departments corresponding to the special committee, the interim committee of the House and Senate Joint Committee on ANC) of South Africa's National Assembly and provincial sub - divisions of the Department of Government and departments corresponding to the special committee, the interim committee of the House and Senate Joint Committee on .

Judicial

judicial system is basically divided into the courts, criminal judicial and procuratorial organs 3 large judicial system is basically divided into the courts, criminal judicial and procuratorial organs 3 large . court system by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court, the District Court, the Constitutional Court is composed of court system by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court, the District Court, the Constitutional Court is composed of .
Sandy Boulay Engcobo) Sandy Boulay Engcobo) . (the highest court of appeal was delivered by Chief Justice Lex Patty (Lex) (the highest court of appeal was delivered by Chief Justice Lex Patty (Lex) .
Attorney - door D.H. Melanie West ( Simelane) within Simelane) within.

Political Party

multi - party National Assembly now had 13 States parties multi - party National Assembly now had 13 States parties . .
(1) on the ANC (African National Congress of South Africa): hereinafter referred to as the ANC's main ruling party, the largest black nationalist parties (1) on the ANC (African National Congress of South Africa): hereinafter referred to as the ANC's main ruling party, the largest black nationalist parties . advocated the establishment of a united, democratic and non - racial new South Africa, led the anti - racism struggle advocated the establishment of a united, democratic and non - racial new South Africa, led the anti - racism struggle .
was founded in 1912, 1925 until its name change, members of more than 100 million was founded in 1912, 1925 until its name change, members of more than 100 million . had long advocated nonviolent struggle had long advocated nonviolent struggle .
in 1960 for "illegal" organization, in 1960 for "illegal" organization,. exile the main leaders decided that the armed struggle in 1961, the founding of Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation "military organizations, served as the Commander in Chief of the exile the main leaders decided that the armed struggle in 1961, the founding of Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation "military organizations, served as the Commander in Chief of the .
1962 Mandela, Mandela and other ANC 1962 Mandela, Mandela and other ANC . people arrested under extremely difficult conditions in its struggle, obtains the domestic and foreign widespread sympathy and support, gradually to become South Africa's biggest influence of blacks in the 1970s and 1980s after people arrested under extremely difficult conditions in its struggle, obtains the domestic and foreign widespread sympathy and support, gradually to become South Africa's biggest influence of blacks in the 1970s and 1980s after .
Eelam struggle strategy adjustment, it is determined that a political solution to the question of South Africa and the flexibility strategy of the constitutional negotiations, of a smooth transition in South Africa has played an instrumental role in the April 1994 Eelam struggle strategy adjustment, it is determined that a political solution to the question of South Africa and the flexibility strategy of the constitutional negotiations, of a smooth transition in South Africa has played an instrumental role in the April 1994 . .
became the ruling party in December 1997, held at the 50th executive meeting of the convention,Mandela has resigned from his post, elected Mbeki to the rest of the new Chinese leadership with became the ruling party in December 1997, held at the 50th executive meeting of the convention,Mandela has resigned from his post, elected Mbeki to the rest of the new Chinese leadership with . June 1999 the new South Africa's second general election won again, for the continuation of the June 1999 the new South Africa's second general election won again, for the continuation of the .
December 2002 held the 51st Congress, reelected President Mbeki December 2002 held the 51st Congress, reelected President Mbeki . in the 2004 election, the ANC won 69. 68 percent of the vote, the incumbent
to be held in December 2007 the 52nd National Congress, Jacob Zuma, elected party chairman, deputy chairman of Carlisle, Kgalema Motlanthe, the national chairman of Lycra, St. James Bate (females),General Secretary of the ANC's secretary - general, Gwede Mantashe () in April 2009 a fourth general election, the ANC to 65. 9% of the vote to win re - election victory, for the continuation of the
In 18 May 2011 local elections in 61. 95% of the vote wins again 2012 held in December at the 53rd Congress, President Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa (Cyril Ramaphosa was elected as Vice - Chairman of the Committee,Sam Bateman and Mantashe respectively reelection 2012 held in December at the 53rd Congress, President Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa (Cyril Ramaphosa was elected as Vice - Chairman of the Committee,Sam Bateman and Mantashe respectively reelection .
(2), the Democratic Alliance): the first big opposition (2), the Democratic Alliance): the first big opposition . predecessor the Democratic Party, and in June 2000 after the merger with the new Kuomintang (KMT) 395 - 5107; fax ( predecessor the Democratic Party, and in June 2000 after the merger with the new Kuomintang (KMT) 395 - 5107; fax (.
key members were white, represents the interests of the business and financial communities to open a non - Anglo white key members were white, represents the interests of the business and financial communities to open a non - Anglo white . describe the concept of a "liberal" left - wing parties, the abolition of apartheid, South Africa actively participated in the peace process in the describe the concept of a "liberal" left - wing parties, the abolition of apartheid, South Africa actively participated in the peace process in the .
in October 2001, the new Kuomintang withdrew from the league for in October 2001, the new Kuomintang withdrew from the league for . is grow, the strategic transformation of the NLD's efforts to include blacks, whites, including members of the people's party is grow, the strategic transformation of the NLD's efforts to include blacks, whites, including members of the people's party .
in September 2003,with black political party Inkatha Freedom Party formed a coalition for change "to cope with the 2004 election, and a National Council to elect 12. 37% of the vote, won the 50 - seat In an April 2009 a fourth general election, winning the National Assembly election 16. 66% of the vote, won 67 seats in the parliamentary election in the Western Cape
52 percent of the vote, 52 percent of the vote,. win the consulship in the province on May 18, 2011 local elections the vote 21. 97%
leader Helen Zille (Helen) leader Helen Zille (Helen) . (3) the All Peoples Congress of the People: November 2008 by the portion of the front cabinet and local government officials from the ANC came into power after (3) the All Peoples Congress of the People: November 2008 by the portion of the front cabinet and local government officials from the ANC came into power after .
stands for the establishment of a truly non - racial, class and gender of the people's party, to reform the electoral system and the system for the appointment of government officials;develop agriculture and export - oriented and labour - intensive industries;Strong to fight crime and foster social security consciousness stands for the establishment of a truly non - racial, class and gender of the people's party, to reform the electoral system and the system for the appointment of government officials;develop agriculture and export - oriented and labour - intensive industries;Strong to fight crime and foster social security consciousness . In an April 2009 a fourth general election, winning the election for 7. 42 percent of the vote, won 30 seats, and emerged in third place and
chairman Mosiuoa Lekota ( chairman Mosiuoa Lekota (.) (4) the Inkatha Freedom Party (Freedom Party): Kwazulu / Natal to the Zulu - based black nationalist parties ) (4) the Inkatha Freedom Party (Freedom Party): Kwazulu / Natal to the Zulu - based black nationalist parties .
is the predecessor of the "National Cultural Liberation Movement", was founded in 1928, the 1990 race open to all,replaced the party was renamed the is the predecessor of the "National Cultural Liberation Movement", was founded in 1928, the 1990 race open to all,replaced the party was renamed the . for black liberation, through peaceful negotiations to resolve the question of South Africa for black liberation, through peaceful negotiations to resolve the question of South Africa .
April 1994 vote in national elections, the Government of National Unity to enter April 1994 vote in national elections, the Government of National Unity to enter . after 1996 in KwaZulu / Natal took the reins of power after the election of after 1996 in KwaZulu / Natal took the reins of power after the election of .
1999 continue to participate in the Central, with the ANC in the province of Kwa / 1999 continue to participate in the Central, with the ANC in the province of Kwa / . coalition in September 2003 with the Democratic Alliance formed a coalition for change "to cope with the 2004 election, won a 6. 97 per cent of the popular vote and 28 seats;In its traditional sphere of influence in the provincial parliament praised / selected, dropped 36 percent, and for the loss of the province's first major - party status
In an April 2009 a fourth general election, winning election for 4.55 percent of the vote, won 18 seats;During the parliamentary elections in the province of / the vote further dropped to 20. 5% 25 January 2011, former national chairman of the IFP in Zha Naylor, St. James's Park West than Zanele (-), which declared independence from the party and the other new party "National Liberal Party (the National Freedom Party",so that IFP and its actual strength was greatly weaken
leader is Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi ( leader is Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi (.) (5) is a South African Communist Party (CPSA): with the ANC, COSATU General Assembly formed a "tripartite alliance" ) (5) is a South African Communist Party (CPSA): with the ANC, COSATU General Assembly formed a "tripartite alliance" .
ANC members of its membership and to contest the election, joined the cabinet in 1921 ANC members of its membership and to contest the election, joined the cabinet in 1921 . .
It is establish in 1950 for "illegal" organization It is establish in 1950 for "illegal" organization . February 1990 to regain legal status February 1990 to regain legal status .
always realize communism as its final goal,"socialist party of the" nature, but believed that South Africa is essentially a special development of colonialism, the strong dependence of capitalism, the task at hand is still moving forward to the complete liberation of blacks as a target of nationalist revolutionary always realize communism as its final goal,"socialist party of the" nature, but believed that South Africa is essentially a special development of colonialism, the strong dependence of capitalism, the task at hand is still moving forward to the complete liberation of blacks as a target of nationalist revolutionary . 2012 July 13 th National Congress general secretary 2012 July 13 th National Congress general secretary .
Brad En Qi - el - Mandeb (Blade), and in 2009 took the post of Minister of Higher Education ( Brad En Qi - el - Mandeb (Blade), and in 2009 took the post of Minister of Higher Education (. 6) United Democratic movement (United Democratic Movement: Founded in September 1997,is the original and new motion sequence of the National Consultative Forum, a merger of the inter - racial political party 6) United Democratic movement (United Democratic Movement: Founded in September 1997,is the original and new motion sequence of the National Consultative Forum, a merger of the inter - racial political party .
June 1999 general election to become the fifth - largest party in the 2004 election - June 1999 general election to become the fifth - largest party in the 2004 election - . obtained in 2. 28% of the votes, and won 6 seats, the National Assembly to become the fourth largest party
In an April 2009 a fourth general election, winning the election for a 1 per cent of the popular vote and won 4 seats In an April 2009 a fourth general election, winning the election for a 1 per cent of the popular vote and won 4 seats . Chairman Bantu, Rex Misa ( Chairman Bantu, Rex Misa (.
) Furthermore, the other party: Independent Democratic Party (the Independent Democrats,The new Freedom Front Plus (Freedom Front), the African Christian Democratic Party and the African Christian Democratic Party, the Christian Democratic Union (the United Christian Democratic Party, the PAC (Pan of Congress), the minority's Minority Front (Front),Azanian Peoples Organization (People's Organization, African people, the Congress of African People's Convention) ) Furthermore, the other party: Independent Democratic Party (the Independent Democrats,The new Freedom Front Plus (Freedom Front), the African Christian Democratic Party and the African Christian Democratic Party, the Christian Democratic Union (the United Christian Democratic Party, the PAC (Pan of Congress), the minority's Minority Front (Front),Azanian Peoples Organization (People's Organization, African people, the Congress of African People's Convention) .

Dignitaries

President Jacob Zuma, born 1942 President Jacob Zuma, born 1942 . 1958 came to the ANC, in 1963 by the white regime to imprisonment for 10 years, after living in exile, a former ANC intelligence 1958 came to the ANC, in 1963 by the white regime to imprisonment for 10 years, after living in exile, a former ANC intelligence .
Director, Deputy General Secretary, National chairman, praised / Director, Deputy General Secretary, National chairman, praised / . Prida, chairman of the 1997 election as Vice - President of the Prida, chairman of the 1997 election as Vice - President of the .
from 1999 to 2005 as vice president from from 1999 to 2005 as vice president from . December 2007 election as December 2007 election as .
May 2009 President - elect May 2009 President - elect . 2012 re - election, Ramaphosa 2012 re - election, Ramaphosa .
Zeng in 1996, 1998 to local officials, in 2004 as Vice President,2008 to the President of the ANC's visit, in August 2010 for the first time as president to visit China 2011 Zeng in 1996, 1998 to local officials, in 2004 as Vice President,2008 to the President of the ANC's visit, in August 2010 for the first time as president to visit China 2011 . 4 months is here to attend the BRICS Leaders Meeting and Boao Forum for Asia 2011 Opening Ceremony of the 2012 4 months is here to attend the BRICS Leaders Meeting and Boao Forum for Asia 2011 Opening Ceremony of the 2012 .
7 months is here to attend the Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Parties serving as the opening ceremony and visit 7 months is here to attend the Fifth Ministerial Conference of the Parties serving as the opening ceremony and visit . Vice President 1949 Born in early years imprisoned on Robben Island for conspiring to Vice President 1949 Born in early years imprisoned on Robben Island for conspiring to .
. New South Africa before the establishment of the national mining union and ANC secretary - general of the Gauteng region President New South Africa before the establishment of the national mining union and ANC secretary - general of the Gauteng region President .
1997 election as general secretary, 1997 election as general secretary,. 2002 re - election to the December 2007 election as Vice - President of the 2002 re - election to the December 2007 election as Vice - President of the .
in September 2008 following the ouster of Thabo Mbeki for the presidency in May, 2009 in September 2008 following the ouster of Thabo Mbeki for the presidency in May, 2009 . Zuma became president, and appointed Vice - President of Mo is Zuma became president, and appointed Vice - President of Mo is .
2011 China on an official visit to 2011 China on an official visit to . December 2012 at the 53rd ANC national convention after no longer served as the Vice - Chairman of the African National Congress (ANC) December 2012 at the 53rd ANC national convention after no longer served as the Vice - Chairman of the African National Congress (ANC) .

Military Power

National Defense

If according to the comparative military strength, South Africa is Africa's most powerful military in the country, a lot of things in their own manufactured by South Africa, the representative of the horn's main battle tank, armed helicopters from CSH - 2 If according to the comparative military strength, South Africa is Africa's most powerful military in the country, a lot of things in their own manufactured by South Africa, the representative of the horn's main battle tank, armed helicopters from CSH - 2 . President the supreme commander of the armed forces with President the supreme commander of the armed forces with .
Supreme national committee on national security matters are decided, which comes under the National Defense Advisory Commission and the Ministry of Defence Defence Supreme national committee on national security matters are decided, which comes under the National Defense Advisory Commission and the Ministry of Defence Defence . represents the president is handling the day - to - day affairs of the army commander of the army of the Wehrmacht represents the president is handling the day - to - day affairs of the army commander of the army of the Wehrmacht .
presided over operations, command and military training and other affairs, appointed by the President, the secretary of defense responsible for peacetime, wartime by the President of the presided over operations, command and military training and other affairs, appointed by the President, the secretary of defense responsible for peacetime, wartime by the President of the .

Military

F - FDTL Commander in Chief of the Enge Wen - Gen. G. N.) National Armed Forces among security forces and the police forces of the Wehrmacht National Armed Forces among security forces and the police forces of the Wehrmacht .
by Land, Sea and Air Force were built during the 1912, 1920 and 1922 by Land, Sea and Air Force were built during the 1912, 1920 and 1922 . South Africa's development after the establishment of the former apartheid - era F - FDTL and the ANC, Pan - African, former bantustan for the national liberation armed part of the merger integration, and determines which task is to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, to fulfil international obligations, and help to maintain internal security etc South Africa's development after the establishment of the former apartheid - era F - FDTL and the ANC, Pan - African, former bantustan for the national liberation armed part of the merger integration, and determines which task is to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States, to fulfil international obligations, and help to maintain internal security etc .
1997, conscription and voluntary enlistment instead with the 1997, conscription and voluntary enlistment instead with the .

Military

SADF troops 7. 4 million people in the army, which is about 5. 3 million people, about 6,000 people in the Navy, the Air Force about 1.1 million people, with the remainder being sanitary police forces 13. 2 million people
police chief: Becky Sele (Bheki Cele) police chief: Becky Sele (Bheki Cele) .

Foreign Policy

Basic Policy

South Africa's adherence to the new omnidirectional independent foreign policy, advocating respect for sovereignty and the rights based on equality and mutual benefit with all countries to maintain and develop bilateral friendly relations are foreign relations South Africa's adherence to the new omnidirectional independent foreign policy, advocating respect for sovereignty and the rights based on equality and mutual benefit with all countries to maintain and develop bilateral friendly relations are foreign relations ., , .
has been raised in the country to establish diplomatic relations with 186 has been raised in the country to establish diplomatic relations with 186 . actively participated in the Great Lakes region peace process as well as Zimbabwe, Sudan and South Sudan to resolve hotspot issues such as the African Union in its efforts to promote the integration of Africa and the African Union in building South - South cooperation and North - South dialogue actively participated in the Great Lakes region peace process as well as Zimbabwe, Sudan and South Sudan to resolve hotspot issues such as the African Union in its efforts to promote the integration of Africa and the African Union in building South - South cooperation and North - South dialogue .
is the United Nations, the African Union, the Commonwealth,G20 and other international organisations or multilateral mechanisms in the Member States in 2004 is the United Nations, the African Union, the Commonwealth,G20 and other international organisations or multilateral mechanisms in the Member States in 2004 . became became .
Pan - African Parliament, a permanent site in 2006 was elected to the United Nations Human Rights Council (2010) for the 2007 - 2008, 2011 - 2012 worked as a nonpermanent member of the 2010 Pan - African Parliament, a permanent site in 2006 was elected to the United Nations Human Rights Council (2010) for the 2007 - 2008, 2011 - 2012 worked as a nonpermanent member of the 2010 . 12 months of enrolling by members of the BRICS members, in March 2012 in Durban hosted the Fifth BRICS Leaders Meeting 12 months of enrolling by members of the BRICS members, in March 2012 in Durban hosted the Fifth BRICS Leaders Meeting .
in November 2011 and undertaken by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change "of the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties have signed with in November 2011 and undertaken by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change "of the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties have signed with . 186 countries establishing diplomatic relations 186 countries establishing diplomatic relations .

Russia

South Africa's apartheid regime, which, due to the former Soviet Union's support for the ANC and the Communist Party and the anti - apartheid struggle, the two countries severed diplomatic relations in 1957, after diplomatic relations are reestablished or South Africa's apartheid regime, which, due to the former Soviet Union's support for the ANC and the Communist Party and the anti - apartheid struggle, the two countries severed diplomatic relations in 1957, after diplomatic relations are reestablished or . parties signed an agreement on military cooperation, the intergovernmental Joint Committee parties signed an agreement on military cooperation, the intergovernmental Joint Committee .
1999 President Mandela's visit to Russia, the signing of South Africa and Russia friendly and cooperative partnership "is the statement of principles", from the bilateral, regional and global aspects of planning for our future relationship development direction 1999 President Mandela's visit to Russia, the signing of South Africa and Russia friendly and cooperative partnership "is the statement of principles", from the bilateral, regional and global aspects of planning for our future relationship development direction . 2006 September, Russian President Vladimir Putin in the southern part of the state visit, the two sides signed a" friendship treaty ", which established the China - Canada strategic partnership 2006 September, Russian President Vladimir Putin in the southern part of the state visit, the two sides signed a" friendship treaty ", which established the China - Canada strategic partnership .
in March 2007,Vice - Premier of Flanders Cove in March 2007,Vice - Premier of Flanders Cove . conducted an official mission to South Africa in May 2008, Mbeki sent a congratulatory message to President Dmitry Medvedev is sworn in as the new Russian president.Dlamini - Zuma, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China paid an official visit to Russia in July 2010
, Mashaba inside and outside the long trip to Russia, in August of the Russia's President Jacob Zuma paid an official visit to the , Mashaba inside and outside the long trip to Russia, in August of the Russia's President Jacob Zuma paid an official visit to the . In July 2011, President Zuma paid a working visit to Russia In July 2011, President Zuma paid a working visit to Russia .

China

Bilateral political relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa on 1 January 1998, Bilateral political relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa on 1 January 1998, . diplomatic relations since the establishment of diplomatic ties, bilateral all - round and rapid development of diplomatic relations since the establishment of diplomatic ties, bilateral all - round and rapid development of .
2000, allowed them to establish a bilateral high - level national committee has held four plenary meetings and the convening of a diplomatic, economic, technological, defense, education, energy, minerals, Cooperation Subcommittee meeting 2000, allowed them to establish a bilateral high - level national committee has held four plenary meetings and the convening of a diplomatic, economic, technological, defense, education, energy, minerals, Cooperation Subcommittee meeting . 2004 zeng qinghong, vice chairman of the South during the visit, the two sides established equality and mutual benefit and common development of the strategic partnership between 2004 zeng qinghong, vice chairman of the South during the visit, the two sides established equality and mutual benefit and common development of the strategic partnership between .
2006 during the visit of Premier Wen Jiabao to the south, the two countries signed the "china - yugoslavia on deepening the strategic partnership of cooperation between the two sides,The next few years bilateral cooperation in all areas planned for a 2007 2006 during the visit of Premier Wen Jiabao to the south, the two countries signed the "china - yugoslavia on deepening the strategic partnership of cooperation between the two sides,The next few years bilateral cooperation in all areas planned for a 2007 . President Hu Jintao's state visit to the south, the China - South Africa Strategic Partnership to new heights President Hu Jintao's state visit to the south, the China - South Africa Strategic Partnership to new heights .
in January 2008, to build a strategic dialogue mechanism, and in April, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and September 2012 for the November 5 in January 2008, to build a strategic dialogue mechanism, and in April, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and September 2012 for the November 5 . strategic dialogues in August 2010, during a visit by President Jacob Zuma, the two presidents signed the "beijing declaration" that will upgrade bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership strategic dialogues in August 2010, during a visit by President Jacob Zuma, the two presidents signed the "beijing declaration" that will upgrade bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership .
in March 2013, President Xi Jinping on his state visit to the South,the two sides issued a joint communique, the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and South Africa on in March 2013, President Xi Jinping on his state visit to the South,the two sides issued a joint communique, the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and South Africa on . economic and trade relations and economic and technical cooperation, and China is South Africa's largest trade partner, South Africa is China's largest African trading partner with bilateral trade of 2011 economic and trade relations and economic and technical cooperation, and China is South Africa's largest trade partner, South Africa is China's largest African trading partner with bilateral trade of 2011 .
599 billion, a year - on - year growth of 31. 8%, China exported goods to Mozambique to 153 billion and imports $446 South China mainly exports electrical appliances and electronic products, textile products and metal products etc., from the south mainly import
2004 June, South Africa to grant China market economy status 2004 June, South Africa to grant China market economy status . .
expanding mutual investment between the two countries by the end of 2012,I'm in South Africa's direct investment in the $3, to the south and the actual investment in China. 6. 4 billion cultural and educational cooperation the two countries signed a cultural cooperation agreement and its implementation plan, multi - level and multi - cultural exchanges and cooperation have developed smoothly since the establishment of a "Chinese Culture in Africa", "South Africa Experiences China" row "and other events held in the South proved to be a huge number of troupes cultural and educational cooperation the two countries signed a cultural cooperation agreement and its implementation plan, multi - level and multi - cultural exchanges and cooperation have developed smoothly since the establishment of a "Chinese Culture in Africa", "South Africa Experiences China" row "and other events held in the South proved to be a huge number of troupes .
Nan group attending the International festival" Meet in Beijing "- The guest of honour at the African continent through activities like Nan group attending the International festival" Meet in Beijing "- The guest of honour at the African continent through activities like . China had over 10 universities and university in South Africa and established cooperation relationship China had over 10 universities and university in South Africa and established cooperation relationship .
Hunan University and the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa,Northeast Normal University and the University of Pretoria, South Africa was elected to the Forum on China - Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) within the framework of the "20 + 20 Cooperation Plan for Universities in China", respectively, have partnered to Hunan University and the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa,Northeast Normal University and the University of Pretoria, South Africa was elected to the Forum on China - Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) within the framework of the "20 + 20 Cooperation Plan for Universities in China", respectively, have partnered to . hitherto I had about 6,500 persons to the south, and South Africa received a total of scholarship students included 71 hitherto I had about 6,500 persons to the south, and South Africa received a total of scholarship students included 71 .
South Africa 5 are respectively provided with colleges and universities where Confucius Institutes or classrooms, Xinhua, China Daily, Economic Daily and China Central Television (CCTV) with offices in the south, "China and Africa" magazine as well as representative offices in the south, the "Beijing Review" in the South to set up the "China - Africa Media Publishing Co., Ltd" South African satellite TV Wutai in China it has South African satellite TV Wutai in China it has .
28 provinces junction on the two sides have established good friends in the province (municipality) in the relationship, there are mainly the province with Beijing, Shanghai and Kwazulu / Natal, Western Cape and Shandong Province, Zhejiang Province and Eastern Cape, Free State province and Jiangsu province, and Hangzhou city like 28 provinces junction on the two sides have established good friends in the province (municipality) in the relationship, there are mainly the province with Beijing, Shanghai and Kwazulu / Natal, Western Cape and Shandong Province, Zhejiang Province and Eastern Cape, Free State province and Jiangsu province, and Hangzhou city like . Cape Town, South Africa, 2002 to become the tourism destinations for Chinese citizens are now catering to Chinese visitors the most african countries to Cape Town, South Africa, 2002 to become the tourism destinations for Chinese citizens are now catering to Chinese visitors the most african countries to .
2010, South Africa Tourism, the Resident Representative Offices Established in China 2010, South Africa Tourism, the Resident Representative Offices Established in China . 2012, Chinese travelers visited the south tourist number is 8. 2 million people,South 7.
over 20,000 students came to China in 2010, South Africa actively participated in the Shanghai World Expo, the South Africa Pavilion in the Expo Garden is the largest independent leasing one around over 20,000 students came to China in 2010, South Africa actively participated in the Shanghai World Expo, the South Africa Pavilion in the Expo Garden is the largest independent leasing one around . exhibitors during the South Africa pavilion attracted a total of 410 million visitors exhibitors during the South Africa pavilion attracted a total of 410 million visitors .

US

. close relationship between the two countries signed a "mutual defense treaty" with the military agreements and close relationship between the two countries signed a "mutual defense treaty" with the military agreements and .
President Mandela and Mbeki were repeatedly visit President Mandela and Mbeki were repeatedly visit . Nan and the Clinton Administration provided a Vice President at Level Bilateral Commission, Bush came to the Ministerial Forum on China - US bilateral coordination Nan and the Clinton Administration provided a Vice President at Level Bilateral Commission, Bush came to the Ministerial Forum on China - US bilateral coordination .
is the South's second - largest trading partner, largest source of investment, South is a Beauty in sub - Saharan Africa's largest export market, is the United States and the African growth and opportunity Bill, "the second largest recipient is the South's second - largest trading partner, largest source of investment, South is a Beauty in sub - Saharan Africa's largest export market, is the United States and the African growth and opportunity Bill, "the second largest recipient . President Obama to further strengthen the relationship in South America President Obama to further strengthen the relationship in South America .

Europe

South Africa and Europe (mainly in Western Europe, the Nordic countries) kept good political and economic relationship South Africa and Europe (mainly in Western Europe, the Nordic countries) kept good political and economic relationship . EU is South Africa's largest regional trading partners, investors and aid donors EU is South Africa's largest regional trading partners, investors and aid donors .
EU investment in South Africa's inward direct investment of more than half of South Africa EU investment in South Africa's inward direct investment of more than half of South Africa . agreements with EU trade, development and cooperation agreement, and has set up a cooperation mechanism of the Board, and in May 2007 to establish strategic partnership 2012 agreements with EU trade, development and cooperation agreement, and has set up a cooperation mechanism of the Board, and in May 2007 to establish strategic partnership 2012 .
Aug, Mashaba outside long met with visiting EU high representative for foreign and security policy, the Commission Vice - President Ashton, and held in South Africa - European Union ministerial political dialogue 9 month Aug, Mashaba outside long met with visiting EU high representative for foreign and security policy, the Commission Vice - President Ashton, and held in South Africa - European Union ministerial political dialogue 9 month .,5th South Africa - EU summit in Brussels, Belgium, President Zuma, European Council President Herman Van Rompuy, European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso attend the pre - session and the like, the two sides held inaugural South - Europe Business Forum ,5th South Africa - EU summit in Brussels, Belgium, President Zuma, European Council President Herman Van Rompuy, European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso attend the pre - session and the like, the two sides held inaugural South - Europe Business Forum .
in March 2010, President Zuma on a state visit to the United Kingdom;Sweden's deputy prime minister maud olofsson in March 2010, President Zuma on a state visit to the United Kingdom;Sweden's deputy prime minister maud olofsson . conducted an official mission to South Africa in April, Germany's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle visited South conducted an official mission to South Africa in April, Germany's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle visited South .
in March 2011, President Jacob Zuma's state visit to France in March 2011, President Jacob Zuma's state visit to France . June, Mashaba long inside and outside the UK to attend the ninth South - UK forum June, Mashaba long inside and outside the UK to attend the ninth South - UK forum .
7 months, Mashaba long outside Germany is paying a working visit to China, British Prime Minister David Cameron for a working visit to Nan 7 months, Mashaba long outside Germany is paying a working visit to China, British Prime Minister David Cameron for a working visit to Nan . 11 months, French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe 11 months, French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe .
visited South Africa in February 2012, British Foreign Secretary William Hague visited South Africa visited South Africa in February 2012, British Foreign Secretary William Hague visited South Africa . May, Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president will visit Germany and Finland May, Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president will visit Germany and Finland .
September, Mashaba outside long working visit to Cyprus on September, Mashaba outside long working visit to Cyprus on . 10 months,Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president, who is on a working visit to 10 months,Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president, who is on a working visit to .

Africa

South Africa as the foothold and its foreign policy to play major role in the strategy, the maintenance of security and development in southern Africa, to promote southern African integration as a priority of its diplomacy, and participated in the formulation and is actively promoting the implementation of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) has actively participated in mediation in Zimbabwe, the Sudan, Madagascar etc in multilateral occasions as part of the efforts of African countries to actively promote South Africa as the foothold and its foreign policy to play major role in the strategy, the maintenance of security and development in southern Africa, to promote southern African integration as a priority of its diplomacy, and participated in the formulation and is actively promoting the implementation of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) has actively participated in mediation in Zimbabwe, the Sudan, Madagascar etc in multilateral occasions as part of the efforts of African countries to actively promote . endorsements for an enhanced United Nations - AU cooperation, committed to the promotion of peace and security in July 2012 endorsements for an enhanced United Nations - AU cooperation, committed to the promotion of peace and security in July 2012 .
,Southern Interior Minister Dlamini - Zuma was elected Chairperson of the AU Commission, African countries South Africa ,Southern Interior Minister Dlamini - Zuma was elected Chairperson of the AU Commission, African countries South Africa . and and .
regular high - level visits in January 2010, President Zuma visited Maputo in Mozambique to attend the president - elect's inauguration ceremonies for regular high - level visits in January 2010, President Zuma visited Maputo in Mozambique to attend the president - elect's inauguration ceremonies for . 3 months, President Zuma about Zimbabwe and Uganda respectively for a working visit and pay a state visit;Na independent Namibia to attend the 20th anniversary, during which H 3 months, President Zuma about Zimbabwe and Uganda respectively for a working visit and pay a state visit;Na independent Namibia to attend the 20th anniversary, during which H .
inauguration as president in April, the Republic of Congo President Denis Sassou - Nguesso visited Nan inauguration as president in April, the Republic of Congo President Denis Sassou - Nguesso visited Nan . August, President Zuma on a state visit to Lesotho August, President Zuma on a state visit to Lesotho .
10 months, President Zuma on a state visit to Egypt.Botswana's president, Ian Khama on a state visit to South Africa;Mashaba long inside and outside the Sudan working visit in November, President Zuma paid a working visit to Namibia;Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe on an official visit to Kenya working visit in November, President Zuma paid a working visit to Namibia;Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe on an official visit to Kenya .
December, Angolan President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos on a state visit to South Africa;Zambia President Rupiah Banda on December, Angolan President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos on a state visit to South Africa;Zambia President Rupiah Banda on . on a state visit to South Africa in January 2011, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni on a state visit to South Africa for on a state visit to South Africa in January 2011, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni on a state visit to South Africa for .
6 months, President Zuma's visit to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Mali - mashaba outside long working visit 6 months, President Zuma's visit to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Mali - mashaba outside long working visit . July, President Zuma paid a working visit to the Sudan, and Tanzania President Jakaya Kikwete, who is on a state visit to Nan July, President Zuma paid a working visit to the Sudan, and Tanzania President Jakaya Kikwete, who is on a state visit to Nan .
11 months, Benin President Yayi to China on a state visit to South Africa 12 months 11 months, Benin President Yayi to China on a state visit to South Africa 12 months ., , .
President Zuma visited Mozambique in February 2012, President Zuma to Botswana and Namibia working visit President Zuma visited Mozambique in February 2012, President Zuma to Botswana and Namibia working visit . April, Malawi President Banda, conducted an official mission to South Africa in May April, Malawi President Banda, conducted an official mission to South Africa in May .
,Nigerian Vice President Bo Sang's visit to South and south of the National Committee to attend the eighth bilateral ,Nigerian Vice President Bo Sang's visit to South and south of the National Committee to attend the eighth bilateral . August, President Zuma on a state visit to Botswana August, President Zuma on a state visit to Botswana .
10 months, Prime Minister of Lesotho Pakalitha Mosisili Taba in the south on a working visit 10 months, Prime Minister of Lesotho Pakalitha Mosisili Taba in the south on a working visit . the same month, the Democratic Republic of the Congo President Kabila's visit to South the same month, the Democratic Republic of the Congo President Kabila's visit to South .

With Other

South Africa attached great importance to the development of Asia - Pacific, Middle East and Latin America relations, cooperation in the fields of South Africa and Japan built South Africa attached great importance to the development of Asia - Pacific, Middle East and Latin America relations, cooperation in the fields of South Africa and Japan built . ministerial "Japan - South Africa Partnership Forum" ministerial "Japan - South Africa Partnership Forum" .
in both of the traditional trade relations, Japan is South Africa's fourth - largest trade partner and South Africa is an important investor one in both of the traditional trade relations, Japan is South Africa's fourth - largest trade partner and South Africa is an important investor one . 2001 prime minister yoshiro mori s visit to the South;President Mbeki paid a state visit to Japan 2001 prime minister yoshiro mori s visit to the South;President Mbeki paid a state visit to Japan .
in April 2006, the Deputy President of South Africa nuka in April 2006, the Deputy President of South Africa nuka . visited Japan in May 2008, President Mbeki in Japan held the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development, visited Japan in May 2008, President Mbeki in Japan held the Fourth Tokyo International Conference on African Development, .
June 2011, Mashaba long outside Japan under the auspices of the 11th "South - day Partner's Forum," Meeting June 2011, Mashaba long outside Japan under the auspices of the 11th "South - day Partner's Forum," Meeting . South Africa Asia - Pacific cooperation with India South Africa Asia - Pacific cooperation with India .
Nan has traditional friendly relations, the parties established the Joint Bilateral Commission, and in 1997 President Mandela's visit to India, which established the strategic partnership between Nan has traditional friendly relations, the parties established the Joint Bilateral Commission, and in 1997 President Mandela's visit to India, which established the strategic partnership between . in September 2006, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh paid an official visit to the south;Southern Vice President's visit to india in September 2006, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh paid an official visit to the south;Southern Vice President's visit to india .
Kanuka in April 2007, the Singapore President SR Nathan's visit to the South;in May, said in an on - card vice president to visit South Korea, President Mbeki Kanuka in April 2007, the Singapore President SR Nathan's visit to the South;in May, said in an on - card vice president to visit South Korea, President Mbeki . visited Vietnam in February 2008, the Indian Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee's visit to the South and attend the 7th South Indian Ministerial Board;March, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono paid a state visit to the South;April, President Mbeki attended the Indian leg of the India - Africa summit visited Vietnam in February 2008, the Indian Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee's visit to the South and attend the 7th South Indian Ministerial Board;March, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono paid a state visit to the South;April, President Mbeki attended the Indian leg of the India - Africa summit .
June, President Jacob Zuma's state visit to india June, President Jacob Zuma's state visit to india . 10 months, Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president of South Korea paid a working visit 10 months, Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president of South Korea paid a working visit .
2011, Vietnamese Vice President Nguyen Thi edge access 2011, Vietnamese Vice President Nguyen Thi edge access . 9 months in South Africa, Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president of the New Zealand paid a working visit 9 months in South Africa, Kgalema Motlanthe, deputy president of the New Zealand paid a working visit .
May 2012, the President of India Pratibha Patil in the southern part of the state visit May 2012, the President of India Pratibha Patil in the southern part of the state visit . September, Mashaba long outside of Thailand, Myanmar working visit September, Mashaba long outside of Thailand, Myanmar working visit .
South Africa expressed its readiness to cooperate with all countries in the Middle East and to development and enhancement of the friendly relations with Saudi Arabia, Iran and other countries in the fields of defence,energy and other areas of cooperation, trade and growth South Africa expressed its readiness to cooperate with all countries in the Middle East and to development and enhancement of the friendly relations with Saudi Arabia, Iran and other countries in the fields of defence,energy and other areas of cooperation, trade and growth . fixated on the Middle East peace process in the hope that the parties of the principle of land for peace negotiations to solve the problem;condemn Israel in the Palestinian - Israeli conflict in the use of force "and the killing of innocent Palestinian civilians, and demanded to stop using force, follow the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, a peaceful negotiated settlement of the dispute fixated on the Middle East peace process in the hope that the parties of the principle of land for peace negotiations to solve the problem;condemn Israel in the Palestinian - Israeli conflict in the use of force "and the killing of innocent Palestinian civilians, and demanded to stop using force, follow the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, a peaceful negotiated settlement of the dispute .
strongly critical of the US, Britain to war with Iraq, believed that the fight is" multilateralism" hit hard, and believe the United Nations in post - war reconstruction of Iraq take the lead on the strongly critical of the US, Britain to war with Iraq, believed that the fight is" multilateralism" hit hard, and believe the United Nations in post - war reconstruction of Iraq take the lead on the . in March 2006, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas should invite President Mbeki's visit in March 2007 in March 2006, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas should invite President Mbeki's visit in March 2007 .
Nan, Nan, . President Mbeki visited Saudi Arabia in February 2008, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait Sabah President Mbeki visited Saudi Arabia in February 2008, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait Sabah .
Nan's visit in July 2009,President Zuma went to Egypt to attend the Non - Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit Nan's visit in July 2009,President Zuma went to Egypt to attend the Non - Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit . 15 January 2010, UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah visited Nan 15 January 2010, UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah visited Nan .
11 January 2011, President Jacob Zuma's visit to the United Arab Emirates and Oman 11 January 2011, President Jacob Zuma's visit to the United Arab Emirates and Oman . South Africa and Brazil, Argentina and other Latin American relations South Africa and Brazil, Argentina and other Latin American relations .
in December 2000, South Africa to become a member of the Mercosul "MERCOSUR" in December 2000, South Africa to become a member of the Mercosul "MERCOSUR" . 2003 South Africa, Brazil, India, established "between india and pakistan - South Dialogue Forum (IBSA), in October 2011 in South Africa held the 5th summit 2003 South Africa, Brazil, India, established "between india and pakistan - South Dialogue Forum (IBSA), in October 2011 in South Africa held the 5th summit .
in September 2006,President Mbeki to Cuba to attend the 14th summit of the Non - Aligned Movement in September 2006,President Mbeki to Cuba to attend the 14th summit of the Non - Aligned Movement . in April 2007, Vice - President of Bolivia Garcia Leigh pulled within Yugoslavia in April 2007, Vice - President of Bolivia Garcia Leigh pulled within Yugoslavia .
in July 2008, Nuka Vice President, Foreign Minister Zuma paid separate visits to Mexico, Cuba;In September, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez's visit to Nan in July 2008, Nuka Vice President, Foreign Minister Zuma paid separate visits to Mexico, Cuba;In September, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez's visit to Nan . in September 2009, President Zuma visited Venezuela to attend the Second Africa - South America Summit, with Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, President of Chile Michelle Bachelet and President of the Republic of Uruguay is hereby quis a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the in September 2009, President Zuma visited Venezuela to attend the Second Africa - South America Summit, with Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, President of Chile Michelle Bachelet and President of the Republic of Uruguay is hereby quis a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the .
10 months, President Zuma on a state visit to Brazil last month 10 months, President Zuma on a state visit to Brazil last month . 12, 12, .
Mashaba inside and outside the long trip to Cuba in July 2010, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva on a state visit to South Africa 2010 Mashaba inside and outside the long trip to Cuba in July 2010, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva on a state visit to South Africa 2010 . 12 months, President Zuma on a state visit to Cuba, and Mexico to the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the 16th July 2011 12 months, President Zuma on a state visit to Cuba, and Mexico to the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the 16th July 2011 .
,Brazil's foreign minister to visit South ,Brazil's foreign minister to visit South .

Economic System

South Africa is Africa's largest economy, living standards per capita in Africa is leading the way, Africa is the most perfect industrial system, deep underground mining techniques is one of the highest in the world, is South Africa's mineral economy as well as the sources of South Africa is Africa's largest economy, living standards per capita in Africa is leading the way, Africa is the most perfect industrial system, deep underground mining techniques is one of the highest in the world, is South Africa's mineral economy as well as the sources of .

Energy

In February 2014, the President of the Republic of South Africa, Zuma admitted to falling in love with the nuclear energy development projects in the Russian Federation In February 2014, the President of the Republic of South Africa, Zuma admitted to falling in love with the nuclear energy development projects in the Russian Federation . IAEA has cooperation with the Government of South Africa on the construction of eight nuclear reactors with each reactor agreement IAEA has cooperation with the Government of South Africa on the construction of eight nuclear reactors with each reactor agreement .
generating capacity of 120 megawatts at a cost of $500 generating capacity of 120 megawatts at a cost of $500 . expected in mid - February 2014 and officially signed the Cooperation Agreement by expected in mid - February 2014 and officially signed the Cooperation Agreement by .
at the same time, the President of the Republic of South Africa, Zuma is also keen to acknowledge nuclear energy development projects at the same time, the President of the Republic of South Africa, Zuma is also keen to acknowledge nuclear energy development projects .

Institutional

South Africa belongs to middle - income developing countries rich in natural resources South Africa belongs to middle - income developing countries rich in natural resources . .
financial, legal systems, such as communications, transportation and energy infrastructure complete financial, legal systems, such as communications, transportation and energy infrastructure complete . mining, manufacturing, agriculture, industry and services are the pillars of the economy, such as deep underground mining technology play a leading role in the world mining, manufacturing, agriculture, industry and services are the pillars of the economy, such as deep underground mining technology play a leading role in the world .
but the branchs of national economy, China has seen uneven regional development, urban and rural areas, the black economy is obviously but the branchs of national economy, China has seen uneven regional development, urban and rural areas, the black economy is obviously . in the 1980s to the early 1990s under international sanctions, the economy slumps, in the 1980s to the early 1990s under international sanctions, the economy slumps, .
New South Africa had set a "reconstruction and development plans, emphasizing the need to improve the black community, economic status New South Africa had set a "reconstruction and development plans, emphasizing the need to improve the black community, economic status . released in 1996 and" growth, employment and re - distribution plan " released in 1996 and" growth, employment and re - distribution plan ".
implemented in 2006 by the "South Africa's Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative" implemented in 2006 by the "South Africa's Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative" . 1994 South Africa's development since its establishment, the annual economic growth of 3 per cent, from 2005 to 2007 exceeds 5% 1994 South Africa's development since its establishment, the annual economic growth of 3 per cent, from 2005 to 2007 exceeds 5% .
2008 international financial crisis affect South Africa's economic growth decelerated to 3. 1% South Africa since December 2008 to cut interest rates six times, and the incremental tax cuts, stimulate investment and consumption, strengthening social security, etc. A comprehensive policy, in order to stem the economic downturn and
2009 South Africa's economy has gradually rebounded, and the four quarters of economic growth was - 7. 4%, 2. 8%,0. 9% and 3. 2% 2010 first - quarter growth of 4. 6%
In addition, the government also in mid - March, "a new industrial policy for the implementation of the Plan of Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China, in order to solve the South economy in the long term there is unreasonable industrial structure and high unemployment and structural problems like In addition, the government also in mid - March, "a new industrial policy for the implementation of the Plan of Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China, in order to solve the South economy in the long term there is unreasonable industrial structure and high unemployment and structural problems like .

Total Amount

2011 major economic data as follows: GDP: $408 billion in GDP per capita: $6532 annual GDP: 2. 1 per cent of those currencies: the rand currency (April 2010): US $1 = 7. 3 rand inflation (March 2010): 5.1 percent official unemployment rate (May 2010): 24. 2%

Industrial

Manufacturing, construction, energy and mining industry in South Africa for the four segments on Manufacturing, construction, energy and mining industry in South Africa for the four segments on . manufacturing accounted for about 16 percent of gross domestic product manufacturing accounted for about 16 percent of gross domestic product .
mainly iron and steel products, metal products, chemicals, transport equipment, machine manufacturing, food processing, textile, garment, etc mainly iron and steel products, metal products, chemicals, transport equipment, machine manufacturing, food processing, textile, garment, etc . the iron and steel industry is the pillar of South Africa's manufacturing, owns six major integrated steel company, over 130 mills the iron and steel industry is the pillar of South Africa's manufacturing, owns six major integrated steel company, over 130 mills .
South Africa has become the world's largest gold producer and exporter of electricity across Africa South Africa has become the world's largest gold producer and exporter of electricity across Africa .% % .
60 building industry accounted for about 3.8 per cent of gross domestic product 1994 - 1999, the Government of South Africa raised more than $125 billion rand investment in building low - cost housing,in an effort to ease urban housing as a component of the black South African 1994 - 1999, the Government of South Africa raised more than $125 billion rand investment in building low - cost housing,in an effort to ease urban housing as a component of the black South African .
due to speeding up the implementation of the 2010 Football World Cup venue construction and property development, construction industry is developing fast, but obsolete and the lack of skilled workers is highly problematic: due to speeding up the implementation of the 2010 Football World Cup venue construction and property development, construction industry is developing fast, but obsolete and the lack of skilled workers is highly problematic: . to the financial crisis, the South's 2009 announced over the next three years 787 billion rand investment for infrastructure construction, the construction progressed further to the financial crisis, the South's 2009 announced over the next three years 787 billion rand investment for infrastructure construction, the construction progressed further .
energy industry contributed about South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP) of 15% energy industry contributed about South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP) of 15% . industry more developed, the amount of carbon in the continent as a whole of the 2 / 3, in which approximately 92% is thermal,the world and one of the lowest electricity rate out of the state - owned power company ESKOM industry more developed, the amount of carbon in the continent as a whole of the 2 / 3, in which approximately 92% is thermal,the world and one of the lowest electricity rate out of the state - owned power company ESKOM .
(South Africa) is the world's seventh largest and ninth - largest electric power production sale enterprise, has the world's largest dry powerhouse, South Africa and 95 per cent of the total non - (South Africa) is the world's seventh largest and ninth - largest electric power production sale enterprise, has the world's largest dry powerhouse, South Africa and 95 per cent of the total non - . 60 per cent due to the power production and management reasons, the phenomenon of severe nationwide power shortages 60 per cent due to the power production and management reasons, the phenomenon of severe nationwide power shortages .
in Cape Town, built near the continent's only nuclear power plant - Koeberg nuclear power station (), the remaining 184 million Kw in Cape Town, built near the continent's only nuclear power plant - Koeberg nuclear power station (), the remaining 184 million Kw . Furthermore,Sasol of South Africa (SASOL) company of the coal synthesis gas fuel and synthetic fuel technology commercialization level as the center of the world, its production of liquid fuel in South Africa about the supply of fuel to the total amount of the 1 / 4 Furthermore,Sasol of South Africa (SASOL) company of the coal synthesis gas fuel and synthetic fuel technology commercialization level as the center of the world, its production of liquid fuel in South Africa about the supply of fuel to the total amount of the 1 / 4 .
mining history, with well - established system of modern mining and smelting of advanced mining technology, is South Africa's economy relies on mining history, with well - established system of modern mining and smelting of advanced mining technology, is South Africa's economy relies on . 2008 annual GDP of 8%, about 52 million direct jobs and 2008 annual GDP of 8%, about 52 million direct jobs and .
minerals exports as an important component part of the 2008 minerals exports in total exports, about 31% minerals exports as an important component part of the 2008 minerals exports in total exports, about 31% . South Africa and China are of gold,platinum group metals and chromium producer and exporter of South Africa and China are of gold,platinum group metals and chromium producer and exporter of .
diamond production in the world and the 9% diamond production in the world and the 9% . South Africa De Beers (De Beers, the world's largest diamond production and sales company, control the world rough diamond trade of 60% South Africa De Beers (De Beers, the world's largest diamond production and sales company, control the world rough diamond trade of 60% .
2008 yield the following minerals: gold 204. 9 tons, 276 tons of platinum group metal, chromium 9863 kiloton (2007), 6807 tons manganese, including 4891.7 thousand iron ore, coal 1. 97 billion tons, copper 97. 2 kiloton, diamonds pulled 12901 kg

Fishery

Total aquaculture production accounted for 5 per cent in Africa and the world of 0. 03% South Africa's commercial fishing fleet has 500 vessels of various vessel South Africa's commercial fishing fleet has 500 vessels of various vessel .
about 2. 8 million people engaged in marine fishing. The main types of fishing for mussels, trout, oysters and Cape hake The main types of fishing for mussels, trout, oysters and Cape hake .
annual haul of about 58 million tons, the output value of nearly 20 billion rand annual haul of about 58 million tons, the output value of nearly 20 billion rand . Furthermore, South Africa, the annual output of 2,000 rand Furthermore, South Africa, the annual output of 2,000 rand .
apiculture apiculture.

Foreign Capital

mainly from Europe, mainly in Europe mainly from Europe, mainly in Europe . against South Africa in accumulation accounts for nearly 70% in Europe, the Americas accounted for nearly 20% against South Africa in accumulation accounts for nearly 70% in Europe, the Americas accounted for nearly 20% .
Britain's cumulative direct investment in South Africa, the most of any country, accounting for about two - fifths of Britain's cumulative direct investment in South Africa, the most of any country, accounting for about two - fifths of . foreign securities to capital, foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa less foreign securities to capital, foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa less .
assets owned by a foreign company investment is mostly concentrated on mining, manufacturing, financial, petroleum processing and marketing sector etc. 2008 South Africa absorb foreign direct investment of 10 billion 2008 South Africa absorb foreign direct investment of 10 billion .

Foreign Assistance

Since 1994, Governments, international organizations pledged assistance to the Government of South Africa, is used to support the reconstruction and development plan "Since 1994, Governments, international organizations pledged assistance to the Government of South Africa, is used to support the reconstruction and development plan ". major donors are the United States, Britain, Germany, etc major donors are the United States, Britain, Germany, etc .
multilateral organizations such as the World Bank and IMF to assistance for South Africa multilateral organizations such as the World Bank and IMF to assistance for South Africa . 2002 South Africa received a total of 6 types of assistance. 568 billion on non - reimbursable assistance 5. 049
$ $.

In Science, Technology

Information Communication

South Africa's telecommunications and information technology industries developed rapidly, the telecom development level is the world's No. 20 a total of 460 million units in the fixed telephone .
. 1500 million mobile phone users about 510 million Internet user 1500 million mobile phone users about 510 million Internet user .
TELKOM Telkom South Africa is Africa's largest telecom company, the two largest information technology company and has been in the UK market place TELKOM Telkom South Africa is Africa's largest telecom company, the two largest information technology company and has been in the UK market place . its satellite live network technology and strong competitiveness in the world,Millard South Africa International Holdings (MIH) had built a monopoly in Sub - Saharan Africa the majority of direct broadcasting satellite service its satellite live network technology and strong competitiveness in the world,Millard South Africa International Holdings (MIH) had built a monopoly in Sub - Saharan Africa the majority of direct broadcasting satellite service .
software industry also began to enter international markets and software industry also began to enter international markets and . South Africa in 1994 that new government, have begun to improve the postal system, in order to adapt to the fast growing business delivery South Africa in 1994 that new government, have begun to improve the postal system, in order to adapt to the fast growing business delivery .
later in South Africa has some of the private company specializes in delivering later in South Africa has some of the private company specializes in delivering .

Social Etiquette

Since the long - standing racial reasons, South Africa social etiquette can be classified as" white ", and" British dominated "Since the long - standing racial reasons, South Africa social etiquette can be classified as" white ", and" British dominated ". so - called" black "is influenced by race, religion, the restriction of marriage custom in South Africa's black and white people to comply with the different social etiquette;English mainly refers to: the very often of a historical period of time, master of the South African regime whites, whites of social etiquette is a particularly English social etiquette is widely prevalent in South African society.

Postcard

South Africa was a remarkable place, not only because of her special history and because of her special location South Africa was a remarkable place, not only because of her special history and because of her special location . here there's a lot to send a postcard and share the Joy of Local: Cape of Good Hope and dipping into the Agulhas castles, etc here there's a lot to send a postcard and share the Joy of Local: Cape of Good Hope and dipping into the Agulhas castles, etc .
the warmth of the Sun City in South Africa, there is no fixed postage stamps from all over, selling price, which hit the Cape of Good Hope to 6 rand, even off - the - beaten - path attractions also requires only 4 the warmth of the Sun City in South Africa, there is no fixed postage stamps from all over, selling price, which hit the Cape of Good Hope to 6 rand, even off - the - beaten - path attractions also requires only 4 . rand rand.

Internet

The World's Best hotel in South Africa Cape Grace Hotel, South Africa, the Internet is still not developed, so the prices are relatively high The World's Best hotel in South Africa Cape Grace Hotel, South Africa, the Internet is still not developed, so the prices are relatively high . post office which provides residents with online services, but the price is the most expensive, about 300 rand / hour while post office which provides residents with online services, but the price is the most expensive, about 300 rand / hour while .
hotel room provided by the Internet service, a toll project, but in the part of the hotel's lounge will provide free Internet service hotel room provided by the Internet service, a toll project, but in the part of the hotel's lounge will provide free Internet service . South Africa, the nine major airports, respectively is: Bloemfontein and Johannesburg International Airport, Cape Town International Airport), Kimberley, Durban (International Airport), Port Elizabeth, East London, Upington, George South Africa, the nine major airports, respectively is: Bloemfontein and Johannesburg International Airport, Cape Town International Airport), Kimberley, Durban (International Airport), Port Elizabeth, East London, Upington, George .
numerous flights connect South Africa's major cities,there are also regular flights and charter services to visitors and guests are able to travel to other cities and major tourist attraction in numerous flights connect South Africa's major cities,there are also regular flights and charter services to visitors and guests are able to travel to other cities and major tourist attraction in . airport buses, taxis provide service for visiting guests, visitors can also rent a car airport buses, taxis provide service for visiting guests, visitors can also rent a car .

The Media

regular publication of newspapers and the number has more than 700 species, ranking first in the regular publication of newspapers and the number has more than 700 species, ranking first in the . Africa a total of 19 kinds of daily, weekly and over 10, and another 200 in a variety of provincial and local newspapers, and magazines with a circulation of more than 800 Africa a total of 19 kinds of daily, weekly and over 10, and another 200 in a variety of provincial and local newspapers, and magazines with a circulation of more than 800 .
large - circulation process are: the "Sunday Times" (English)," Daily Sun "(English)," reported "(Afrikaans)," Soweto newspaper wrote that "(English)," City Paper "(English)," Star "(English)," Citizen " large - circulation process are: the "Sunday Times" (English)," Daily Sun "(English)," reported "(Afrikaans)," Soweto newspaper wrote that "(English)," City Paper "(English)," Star "(English)," Citizen ". (English) in which the" Sunday Times","reports" and the" Sunday Independent "national newspaper (English) in which the" Sunday Times","reports" and the" Sunday Independent "national newspaper .
is a South African news agency Press Association (South) is a non - governmental, and non - profit, the only national news agency of the South African Broadcasting Corporation ( is a South African news agency Press Association (South) is a non - governmental, and non - profit, the only national news agency of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (. .
), radio and television broadcasters shared the 18 sets domestic program, in 11 languages and broadcast nationwide, has 20 million listeners;External program "Africa" with four levels of language to the foreign broadcast TV ), radio and television broadcasters shared the 18 sets domestic program, in 11 languages and broadcast nationwide, has 20 million listeners;External program "Africa" with four levels of language to the foreign broadcast TV . has four channels, two public - service programmes, 2 sets of commercial television has four channels, two public - service programmes, 2 sets of commercial television .
M - NET is Africa's most influential subscription television M - NET is Africa's most influential subscription television .

Education

due to long - term education system under apartheid, black education was far below the White due to long - term education system under apartheid, black education was far below the White . in January 1995, South Africa formally implemented free and compulsory education to 16 years old, and the abolition of the apartheid - era textbook in January 1995, South Africa formally implemented free and compulsory education to 16 years old, and the abolition of the apartheid - era textbook .
increasing government investment in education, teaching curriculum, educational funding system and higher education system reform of schooling increasing government investment in education, teaching curriculum, educational funding system and higher education system reform of schooling . divided into preschool, primary, secondary, tertiary, graduate student in 5 stages divided into preschool, primary, secondary, tertiary, graduate student in 5 stages .
21 existing universities, the student 40. 2 million people;Institute of Technology, 15, 20. 3 million people;College of Education and College of the 157, with 15 million people;Primary 27850, 1214 million teachers devote to 366,000 1214 million teachers devote to 366,000 .
2006 adult literacy is 82%, college - educated population of about 9.1 per cent in 2007 / 2008 fiscal year 1055 rand education spending, increasing the share of total expenditure by 18% 1055 rand education spending, increasing the share of total expenditure by 18% .
famous universities in the University of the Witwatersrand, the University of Pretoria, South Africa's University, the University of Cape Town (2013QS world university ranking 101 - 200 of paragraph 54 bits), the University of Zululand and famous universities in the University of the Witwatersrand, the University of Pretoria, South Africa's University, the University of Cape Town (2013QS world university ranking 101 - 200 of paragraph 54 bits), the University of Zululand and .

Sports

the nineteenth session of the World Cup (official name: 2010 FIFA World Cup finals in South Africa on June 11, 2010 in nine of the ten cities of the South Africa Stadium, this is the first time in Africa World Cup 2010 South Africa World Cup (See the nineteenth session of the World Cup (official name: 2010 FIFA World Cup finals in South Africa on June 11, 2010 in nine of the ten cities of the South Africa Stadium, this is the first time in Africa World Cup 2010 South Africa World Cup (See .) in all of the 32 - team tournament, conducted a total of 64 matches in the title decider with team ) in all of the 32 - team tournament, conducted a total of 64 matches in the title decider with team .
except in South Africa, the other teams need to try and qualify for the finals tournament of the 2009 except in South Africa, the other teams need to try and qualify for the finals tournament of the 2009 . seats on Dec. 5,South Africa World Cup were drawn, and determines the group stage of the race due to
international football rules this African country to host the World Cup, 2010 World Cup was awarded to the five countries that had been wholly African countries: Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia international football rules this African country to host the World Cup, 2010 World Cup was awarded to the five countries that had been wholly African countries: Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia . 8 May 2004), Tunisia and Libya because it may not be possible to co - hosting the World Cup when it announced the bid 8 May 2004), Tunisia and Libya because it may not be possible to co - hosting the World Cup when it announced the bid .
on March 15, 2004, in Zurich, Switzerland held the International Football Association Executive Committee meeting, South Africa was adopted by 14 votes against 10 overwhelm Morocco, to host the 2010 World Cup hosting rightsbecomes the 16th World Cup hosts, and Egypt, have made no votes due to only hope on March 15, 2004, in Zurich, Switzerland held the International Football Association Executive Committee meeting, South Africa was adopted by 14 votes against 10 overwhelm Morocco, to host the 2010 World Cup hosting rightsbecomes the 16th World Cup hosts, and Egypt, have made no votes due to only hope . Libya and Tunisia co - hosted the World Cup, wasn't alone, that Libya also would not let them participate in the tournament, eliminated Libya and Tunisia co - hosted the World Cup, wasn't alone, that Libya also would not let them participate in the tournament, eliminated .
competed for qualification for the opener in June 11, 2010 night 22: 00 (Beijing Time), Both sides in South Africa vs Mexico, Johannesburg's FNB stadium competed for qualification for the opener in June 11, 2010 night 22: 00 (Beijing Time), Both sides in South Africa vs Mexico, Johannesburg's FNB stadium . finals in 2010, 12, early morning July 02: 30 (Beijing Time), on the two sides is Spain vs the Netherlands,Johannesburg Stadium finals in 2010, 12, early morning July 02: 30 (Beijing Time), on the two sides is Spain vs the Netherlands,Johannesburg Stadium .
Spain final in the 2010 South Africa World Cup champion Spain final in the 2010 South Africa World Cup champion .

Transportation

Africa has the most perfect transportation system in the country and its neighbors are playing an important role to Africa has the most perfect transportation system in the country and its neighbors are playing an important role to . railway, by road, air transport has developed rapidly and strengthened the town railway, by road, air transport has developed rapidly and strengthened the town .
Economic Development Zone Economic Development Zone . railway transportation infrastructure construction: of a total length of 41 km, of which 82 km is electrified, with electric locomotives (out of over 2000 railway transportation infrastructure construction: of a total length of 41 km, of which 82 km is electrified, with electric locomotives (out of over 2000 .
annual freight volume is about 1 75 million metric tons annual freight volume is about 1 75 million metric tons . Pretoria to Cape Town by the luxury blue bus a international Pretoria to Cape Town by the luxury blue bus a international .
, is currently building connected the administrative capital of Pretoria and Johannesburg's Oliver Tambo International Airport by rail,, is currently building connected the administrative capital of Pretoria and Johannesburg's Oliver Tambo International Airport by rail,. 80 km and the total length of the train - which was divided into two chambers, and the like, there are a variety of trains, including the trans, trans - Natal, trans - Express and the prestigious Blue Express luxury train, worth a try, free for children under two, 2 - 11 - year - old half - off 80 km and the total length of the train - which was divided into two chambers, and the like, there are a variety of trains, including the trans, trans - Natal, trans - Express and the prestigious Blue Express luxury train, worth a try, free for children under two, 2 - 11 - year - old half - off .
highway: at the national, provincial and local level in the national road highway: at the national, provincial and local level in the national road . .
9,600 - kilometer highway 1440 km, Highway 440 km one - way, unidirectional 56967 km highway, 9,600 - kilometer highway 1440 km, Highway 440 km one - way, unidirectional 56967 km highway,. 2400 kilometers toll road about 4.5 million passengers per year, the amount of freight cars
310 until - and several of the company, also have different levels, with Greyhound, (luxury), such as 310 until - and several of the company, also have different levels, with Greyhound, (luxury), such as . taxi - out most of the street in the wagons, holding that the call from the car, plus a taxi at night - left service, Road highway network covers the whole of South Africa, and laying the perfect, ideal for a tour by car, there is also a camper rental garage taxi - out most of the street in the wagons, holding that the call from the car, plus a taxi at night - left service, Road highway network covers the whole of South Africa, and laying the perfect, ideal for a tour by car, there is also a camper rental garage .
South Africa drives on the left - hand sides of the area of the speed limit is 60KM,motorway of the speed limit at 120KM South Africa drives on the left - hand sides of the area of the speed limit is 60KM,motorway of the speed limit at 120KM . in South Africa drivers must wear a seat belt, drunken driving as a serious violation of the taxi here in South Africa drivers must wear a seat belt, drunken driving as a serious violation of the taxi here .
division patrol and touting free bus and train, if you want to block, erected a small, carefully some drivers driving rampage division patrol and touting free bus and train, if you want to block, erected a small, carefully some drivers driving rampage . generally have larger scale of the rental company in all urban areas and within the airport, with offices, metropolitan regions, there was a long distance bus passenger service generally have larger scale of the rental company in all urban areas and within the airport, with offices, metropolitan regions, there was a long distance bus passenger service .
sea: the ocean transportation industry developed, about 98% of its exports to lean marine will finish, Nuevitas, Cape Town, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay,Saldanha Bay and Mercy sea: the ocean transportation industry developed, about 98% of its exports to lean marine will finish, Nuevitas, Cape Town, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay,Saldanha Bay and Mercy . 990 - of - war and trading vessels, and gross tonnage of 75 tons 990 - of - war and trading vessels, and gross tonnage of 75 tons .
in the port's throughput is about 12 tons in the port's throughput is about 12 tons . Durban is the busiest port in Africa and the biggest container distributing center, handling an annual throughput of up to 120 million Durban is the busiest port in Africa and the biggest container distributing center, handling an annual throughput of up to 120 million .
Starlight cruise at major ports have parked Starlight cruise at major ports have parked . Aviation: There are various types of aircraft 10189 rack, wherein the SAA's fleet includes more than 30 aircraft and 15 Boeing Airbus airliner - - including a total of 48 frame, the continent's biggest airline,of the largest in the world's 50 Aviation: There are various types of aircraft 10189 rack, wherein the SAA's fleet includes more than 30 aircraft and 15 Boeing Airbus airliner - - including a total of 48 frame, the continent's biggest airline,of the largest in the world's 50 .
one of the airline now has about 27 airports, 11 of which are international airport one of the airline now has about 27 airports, 11 of which are international airport . a week more than 600 domestic flights and 70 international flights, to Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East, Latin America direct shipping with a week more than 600 domestic flights and 70 international flights, to Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East, Latin America direct shipping with .
average annual passenger capacity up to 12m was average annual passenger capacity up to 12m was . the main international airport, with Oliver Tambo International Airport (formerly Johannesburg International Airport), Cape Town International Airport and a new operation of Durban International Airport, Wang Xia card like the main international airport, with Oliver Tambo International Airport (formerly Johannesburg International Airport), Cape Town International Airport and a new operation of Durban International Airport, Wang Xia card like .
With trade between africa and china, with nonstop routes between China and dozens of pieces increases,wherein the Ethiopian airlines quickly signed the Beijing Transport Services Limited as a source of international freight agency enterprises, cargo between China and South Africa and South - South cooperation was gaining With trade between africa and china, with nonstop routes between China and dozens of pieces increases,wherein the Ethiopian airlines quickly signed the Beijing Transport Services Limited as a source of international freight agency enterprises, cargo between China and South Africa and South - South cooperation was gaining . pipeline transportation: South Africa pipeline transportation networks in the aggregate length of 3000km, conveying the country 85 per cent of refined products to pipeline transportation: South Africa pipeline transportation networks in the aggregate length of 3000km, conveying the country 85 per cent of refined products to .

Tourism

Robben Island Robben Island is South Africa's apartheid - era South African President Nelson Mandela and his fellow trooper was imprisoned in a decades - worth of local Robben Island Robben Island is South Africa's apartheid - era South African President Nelson Mandela and his fellow trooper was imprisoned in a decades - worth of local . this historic island has become the world's ruins, and has been designated a nature reserve this historic island has become the world's ruins, and has been designated a nature reserve .
Garden Avenue (The Garden Route) garden route length of 600 km from Cape Town along the coastline and extend as far as the Tsitsikamma Forest (Forest), along with the distribution of variations to the town, a brewery,Farm and fishing village Garden Avenue (The Garden Route) garden route length of 600 km from Cape Town along the coastline and extend as far as the Tsitsikamma Forest (Forest), along with the distribution of variations to the town, a brewery,Farm and fishing village . Beach South Africa of the 3,000 - kilometer - long coastline, from the East coast of KwaZulu - Natal - KwaZulu () until the Wild Coast the Wild Coast, Eastern Cape, extending to the West Coast Beach South Africa of the 3,000 - kilometer - long coastline, from the East coast of KwaZulu - Natal - KwaZulu () until the Wild Coast the Wild Coast, Eastern Cape, extending to the West Coast .
Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site "the Cradle of Humankind" is located in Johannesburg in the west, it includes a lot of attractions, which have become famous Stoke Fontaine caves (Caves) Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site "the Cradle of Humankind" is located in Johannesburg in the west, it includes a lot of attractions, which have become famous Stoke Fontaine caves (Caves) . 1936,Anthropologist Robert & S226; Bloom, Dr Robert Broom) was found in this cave, "Ms. Price (Mrs.)", a 300 - million - year - old hominid cranium
at the time, she is considered as the most close to the "missing link" of evidence at the time, she is considered as the most close to the "missing link" of evidence . Kruger national park (Kruger National Park, South Africa, many national parks, the Kruger national park (Kruger National Park is one of the largest,is the size of the entire Israeli Kruger national park (Kruger National Park, South Africa, many national parks, the Kruger national park (Kruger National Park is one of the largest,is the size of the entire Israeli .
Head to Soweto in Johannesburg in the south lies the Head to Soweto, South Africa's largest "town" ("apartheid" - era is set to black townships) Head to Soweto in Johannesburg in the south lies the Head to Soweto, South Africa's largest "town" ("apartheid" - era is set to black townships) .

Famous Person

. Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, former ANC leader, a prominent black leader Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa, former ANC leader, a prominent black leader .
1918 was born in the Transkei region that lies in the Oum his family 1918 was born in the Transkei region that lies in the Oum his family . tribal chiefs in his youth, devoted to black liberation, and forgo his inheritance chieftainshipchieftaincy tribal chiefs in his youth, devoted to black liberation, and forgo his inheritance chieftainshipchieftaincy .
joined the ANC in 1944, and served as national secretary of the Youth Union, the national chairman of the ANC's deputy leader joined the ANC in 1944, and served as national secretary of the Youth Union, the national chairman of the ANC's deputy leader . 1961 co - founded the military wing of the ANC Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation "and served as its commander, led the armed struggle against the South African racist regime 1961 co - founded the military wing of the ANC Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation "and served as its commander, led the armed struggle against the South African racist regime .
. June 1962 1963 arrest in June 2007 for" conspiracy to subvert the sin " June 1962 1963 arrest in June 2007 for" conspiracy to subvert the sin ".
has been sentenced to life in prison in February 1990, was released on 2 March re - election as deputy leader, the elected leader of the July 1991 and May 1994 has been sentenced to life in prison in February 1990, was released on 2 March re - election as deputy leader, the elected leader of the July 1991 and May 1994 . .
became president in December 1997 to resign the ANC leader became president in December 1997 to resign the ANC leader . .
retired after the 1999 elections the main works are "liberty is not flat", "The struggle is my life" like retired after the 1999 elections the main works are "liberty is not flat", "The struggle is my life" like . 1993 with then - South African President F.W. de Klerk share the Nobel Peace Prize 2009
, which South Africa's birthday on July 18 as the "Mandela Day", and urged the public to engage in philanthropic activities in commemoration of the ', which South Africa's birthday on July 18 as the "Mandela Day", and urged the public to engage in philanthropic activities in commemoration of the '.' Historic' Historic.

National Rankings

On 9 June 2016, the world's most vulnerable to the hacking of the countries and regions, South Africa ranked No 9 On 9 June 2016, the world's most vulnerable to the hacking of the countries and regions, South Africa ranked No 9 .

Sovereign Credit Rating

On April 7, 2017, the international ratings agency Fitch downgraded South Africa's sovereign credit rating downgraded to junk by On April 7, 2017, the international ratings agency Fitch downgraded South Africa's sovereign credit rating downgraded to junk by . This is the first SP, second to South Africa's sovereign credit rating downgraded to junk status by major international agency This is the first SP, second to South Africa's sovereign credit rating downgraded to junk status by major international agency .
The, Fitch downgraded South Africa's long - term foreign currency sovereign credit rating from BBB - to BB + The, Fitch downgraded South Africa's long - term foreign currency sovereign credit rating from BBB - to BB + . drop this and on April 3, Standard and Poor 'South Africa's foreign currency sovereign credit rating of the operation completely like drop this and on April 3, Standard and Poor 'South Africa's foreign currency sovereign credit rating of the operation completely like .
But, Fitch downgraded South Africa's rand currency credit rating downgraded to junk status by Standard Poors just from BBB to BBB - grade But, Fitch downgraded South Africa's rand currency credit rating downgraded to junk status by Standard Poors just from BBB to BBB - grade . by Standard and Poor' South Africa's prospects for maintaining a negative outlook,And then the outlook as" stable " by Standard and Poor' South Africa's prospects for maintaining a negative outlook,And then the outlook as" stable ".
South Africa has been confronted with international rating agencies downgrade, the Ministry of Finance of South Africa on 7 April to respond, says South Africa still has great potential:" Through hard work, we will give South Africa a fast - growing segment of attracting investment in the country of destination for South Africa has been confronted with international rating agencies downgrade, the Ministry of Finance of South Africa on 7 April to respond, says South Africa still has great potential:" Through hard work, we will give South Africa a fast - growing segment of attracting investment in the country of destination for . 'unwavering support of the ANC Jacob Zuma reshuffled his cabinet, the president of the Youth Mainé said President Zuma is the only location by reorganizing his cabinet - - fundamental economic transformation of the President, the ANC Youth League South Africa would welcome foreign junk as: "to re - invigorate the economy, the control is in our hands and 'unwavering support of the ANC Jacob Zuma reshuffled his cabinet, the president of the Youth Mainé said President Zuma is the only location by reorganizing his cabinet - - fundamental economic transformation of the President, the ANC Youth League South Africa would welcome foreign junk as: "to re - invigorate the economy, the control is in our hands and .
" 1" 1.