Basic Concept
People's Republic of China on the Administration of RMB is the legal currency symbol People's Republic of China on the Administration of RMB is the legal currency symbol . People's Bank of China is the competent entity that administers RMB on behalf of the state, responsible for the design of Renminbi, People's Bank of China is the competent entity that administers RMB on behalf of the state, responsible for the design of Renminbi, .
People's Bank of China (PBOC), the printed and issued in 1948 on 1 December since its inception, issued a five - year period, including metal coins and banknotes, coins and precious metal commemorative coins and other kinds of currency of RMB People's Bank of China (PBOC), the printed and issued in 1948 on 1 December since its inception, issued a five - year period, including metal coins and banknotes, coins and precious metal commemorative coins and other kinds of currency of RMB . in ISO 4217 abbreviation is CNY (China Yuan), commonly abbreviated as Ren Min Bi (RMB);RMB currency symbol\ is" (the 'Y' + '="), the pronunciation is" YUAN " in ISO 4217 abbreviation is CNY (China Yuan), commonly abbreviated as Ren Min Bi (RMB);RMB currency symbol\ is" (the "Y' + '="), the pronunciation is" YUAN ".
RMB according to the nature of the material, a metal coin (also referred to as coin), the banknote (banknotes) RMB according to the nature of the material, a metal coin (also referred to as coin), the banknote (banknotes) . regardless of banknotes, coins are equivalent circulation regardless of banknotes, coins are equivalent circulation .
Manufacturing Process
The yuan, is China"s legal currency, known as the "Republic" The yuan, is China's legal currency, known as the "Republic" . China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation affiliated to the People's Bank of China is engaged in the printing of the statutory business of large state - owned enterprise, China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation affiliated to the People's Bank of China is engaged in the printing of the statutory business of large state - owned enterprise, .
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, General Manager He Lin said the renminbi from the production of multi - colored design draft until the product is subjected to plate making, ink, paper, printing and other printing presses China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, General Manager He Lin said the renminbi from the production of multi - colored design draft until the product is subjected to plate making, ink, paper, printing and other printing presses . dozens of working procedure of the first program is selected and the printing of banknotes such dozens of working procedure of the first program is selected and the printing of banknotes such .
paper special paper specially made by Jin - xi, not only has the superb, acidproof, anti - like characteristics, there are many high - tech technologies, such as a security thread, fluorescent fibres, etc.The most critical is the paper which is fixed to the watermark pattern in the lamphouse with workers check the quality of the paper sheet by sheet, the sheet each watermark pattern in the direction of the other, with the punch positioning workers check the quality of the paper sheet by sheet, the sheet each watermark pattern in the direction of the other, with the punch positioning .
paper checks are good, they will enter the stage paper checks are good, they will enter the stage . He Lin said, the money - printing process roughly in four steps, an offset gravure printing code inspection He Lin said, the money - printing process roughly in four steps, an offset gravure printing code inspection .
is the first step, be print up the shading and the basic pattern is the second - step is the first step, be print up the shading and the basic pattern is the second - step . gravure, intaglio patterns on the striated portion is recessed, at the time of printing, and filling into the ink, when printed on paper, the pattern of ink to be three - dimensional stacked one above the other, this is a counterfeit banknote is difficult for the fake,Because the common use of photomechanical printing is a printing step and the third is gravure, intaglio patterns on the striated portion is recessed, at the time of printing, and filling into the ink, when printed on paper, the pattern of ink to be three - dimensional stacked one above the other, this is a counterfeit banknote is difficult for the fake,Because the common use of photomechanical printing is a printing step and the third is .
imprints on the currency of the banknotes is encoded by the "identity card", each yuan of encoding is different imprints on the currency of the banknotes is encoded by the "identity card", each yuan of encoding is different . Yin codes also have been printed in a fluorescent ink, i. e. that we use in the fluorescent lamp in the presence of Arabic numerals
. Now the seal inspection is the last step, the on - line detection of printed product quality, the number, the watermark, the scheme of qualified packaging warehoused finally, banknote production of RMB will be sent to the People's Bank of China, issued by the Central Bank, is caused to flow into the hands of the people s bank of china must uphold finally, banknote production of RMB will be sent to the People's Bank of China, issued by the Central Bank, is caused to flow into the hands of the people s bank of china must uphold .
Excelsior.Beijing Banknote Printing Co., Ltd., a portion of the offset, an assistant director of the Li Rong Chun, for example, a printing workshop within the temperature must be maintained at 23 C (minus 3 degrees Celsius) within the range, because once the temperature is too high or too low, the sheet is deformed, the position of the printed image will possibly offset 
Printing Anti - Theft
For the workshop of renminbi products, people don't want to print money, can't do, dares to reporters during a visit to a Beijing Banknote Printing Co., Ltd of workshops, high on the roof of the workshop layout are densely packed with surveillance cameras, about every two meters there is a camera, criss - crossed, and no blind spot monitoring and omission of is used in banknote security anti - theft problem, Beijing Banknote Printing Co., Ltd asked Yang Tian says 3 sentences, "will not, cannot, and dare not take
", "not", because "it's not the money, it's our product," The idea of money printing by the integration of human bone marrow in ", "not", because "it's not the money, it's our product," The idea of money printing by the integration of human bone marrow in . "cannot pick",because in addition to the camera - based monitoring device, and the banknote also adopted the "handles" number" and "dual control" of the civil defense measures "cannot pick",because in addition to the camera - based monitoring device, and the banknote also adopted the "handles" number" and "dual control" of the civil defense measures .
"handled" number "shall mean banknotes through each worker's hand, one can't, even if there are wasters, must also be singled out, genuine, and waste a lot is transferred to the next step;"double control" shall mean printed money in the process, the product delivery and warehouse management must be more than one person, not a single person at a "higher up" because the state law has strict provisions, making theft of RMB products than general larceny is facing more severe penalties for "handled" number "shall mean banknotes through each worker's hand, one can't, even if there are wasters, must also be singled out, genuine, and waste a lot is transferred to the next step;"double control" shall mean printed money in the process, the product delivery and warehouse management must be more than one person, not a single person at a "higher up" because the state law has strict provisions, making theft of RMB products than general larceny is facing more severe penalties for .
Currency Printing Workers
financial sector the only frontline workers, have very strong political quality and great enthusiasm for the work he had been called, printing RMB are an ex - con, handcuffed, shackled by printing money, go out to financial sector the only frontline workers, have very strong political quality and great enthusiasm for the work he had been called, printing RMB are an ex - con, handcuffed, shackled by printing money, go out to . frisked. "It's been some speculation that the Bank, actually that was just not the case", the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, the Ministry of Culture said Wang Hui, director of the corporate, money - printing industry employees are patriotic, organized, disciplined and industrial workers, and it can be said that the financial industry is the only production workers
in recent years, the entire banknote printing industry are a bunch of new employees at undergraduate level and above, the machine is on front - line workers are the Bachelor Degree in recent years, the entire banknote printing industry are a bunch of new employees at undergraduate level and above, the machine is on front - line workers are the Bachelor Degree ."Qian mountain area, the Deli is a thousand meters;money flow such as Sichuan, one's mind in ""Qian mountain area, the Deli is a thousand meters;money flow such as Sichuan, one's mind in ".
printing money man paper money printing has very deep feelings, about a very strong political quality and a great work ethic, is willing to for printing RMB shall be silent dedication, a lot of people in the offset - printing machine, thread package on the court for decades printing money man paper money printing has very deep feelings, about a very strong political quality and a great work ethic, is willing to for printing RMB shall be silent dedication, a lot of people in the offset - printing machine, thread package on the court for decades . 8.0 - magnitude earthquake, the epicenter 55 kilometers of Chengdu Banknote Printing
strong tremors in the building shook violently and fell of the ceiling on an emergency basis, checking and inspection of the workshop with hundreds of employees of the first reaction is not to escape, but the first time I covered the product, cut off power and lock the door after the shop, only to evacuate in order after the earthquake statistics strong tremors in the building shook violently and fell of the ceiling on an emergency basis, checking and inspection of the workshop with hundreds of employees of the first reaction is not to escape, but the first time I covered the product, cut off power and lock the door after the shop, only to evacuate in order after the earthquake statistics .the entire enterprise, a product is not lost the entire enterprise, a product is not lost .
Anti - Counterfeiting Technology
China's anti - counterfeiting technology has been in the world in recent years, the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation has been pursuing the study of international advanced anti - counterfeiting technology, constantly enhance the currency's 2005 edition of the defending fake technical level and China's anti - counterfeiting technology has been in the world in recent years, the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation has been pursuing the study of international advanced anti - counterfeiting technology, constantly enhance the currency's 2005 edition of the defending fake technical level and . yuan in addition to the traditional methods, such as watermarks, security threads, intaglio carving antiforge technique, but also with more new popular anti - counterfeiting technology, as well as relevant foreign banknote design idea, the anti - counterfeiting technology be applied sufficiently to the banknote in function of the machine - readable, so that the fifth series of the anti - counterfeiting technology for enhanced yuan in addition to the traditional methods, such as watermarks, security threads, intaglio carving antiforge technique, but also with more new popular anti - counterfeiting technology, as well as relevant foreign banknote design idea, the anti - counterfeiting technology be applied sufficiently to the banknote in function of the machine - readable, so that the fifth series of the anti - counterfeiting technology for enhanced .
"Currently, China's anti - counterfeiting technology in using the upper - middle - level", He said, "Right now,We have yet to identify a counterfeit note is gravure or 'papermaking' of watermark, a watermark look - alikes are printed after the "Currently, China's anti - counterfeiting technology in using the upper - middle - level", He said, "Right now,We have yet to identify a counterfeit note is gravure or 'papermaking' of watermark, a watermark look - alikes are printed after the . fakers who want to do very high simulation becomes nearly impossible fakers who want to do very high simulation becomes nearly impossible .
" ".
Counterfeit Identification
One is the theme of "ray", the authentic watermark is very strong stereo feeling;Second is the "tilt", the true coin of the denomination of the optically variable ink and the digital vertical angles is green, and blue is inclined at an angle;the third is" gentle touch ", in low light, you can use your finger to lightly touch the bill face the right side of the gravure printed hand feeling lines, above the" People's Bank of China (PBOC), the mark ", the middle medallion, Mao Zedong, etc., the real coin like relief upon depression of the handle
Worn Coin Exchange
Incomplete refers to the RMB yuan for one reason or another has been a notable absence of part of a single note, referred to as incomplete Incomplete refers to the RMB yuan for one reason or another has been a notable absence of part of a single note, referred to as incomplete . RMB in daily life, many people are faced with incomplete banknotes, issued by the People's Bank of China for exchanging incomplete banknotes stipulates that: Where the incomplete banknotes are of the following two conditions shall, on the strength of the currency with the bank's business department full redemption RMB in daily life, many people are faced with incomplete banknotes, issued by the People's Bank of China for exchanging incomplete banknotes stipulates that: Where the incomplete banknotes are of the following two conditions shall, on the strength of the currency with the bank's business department full redemption .
1, the face value of the defective portion is not more than a fifth, which is part of the pattern, in which words as they are connected;2, the face value of the defacement, fumigation, water wet, oil immersion, discoloration, but friends, face complete or incomplete part shall not exceed one - fifth, which portion is capable of directly connecting the 1, the face value of the defective portion is not more than a fifth, which is part of the pattern, in which words as they are connected;2, the face value of the defacement, fumigation, water wet, oil immersion, discoloration, but friends, face complete or incomplete part shall not exceed one - fifth, which portion is capable of directly connecting the . Where incomplete banknotes in the following cases, the coupon can be redeem half Where incomplete banknotes in the following cases, the coupon can be redeem half .
incomplete when more than one - fifth to one - half of the portion of the pattern, in which words connected as - is, may hold their currency to the banking operation for half - convertible, it is not negotiable, "the use of the incomplete when more than one - fifth to one - half of the portion of the pattern, in which words connected as - is, may hold their currency to the banking operation for half - convertible, it is not negotiable, "the use of the . Where incomplete banknotes in the following cases, the non - convertibility Where incomplete banknotes in the following cases, the non - convertibility .
1, in which more than half of face deformity;2, in the face of it an insult, the smoked Jiao, Yang - deficiency, discoloration cannot falsehood;Third, deliberately, supplement, alter, collage, pastiche, and uncovering one of 1, in which more than half of face deformity;2, in the face of it an insult, the smoked Jiao, Yang - deficiency, discoloration cannot falsehood;Third, deliberately, supplement, alter, collage, pastiche, and uncovering one of . unchangeable deformed and / or composited RMB notes by the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the retrieved and destroyed, not negotiable, "using the unchangeable deformed and / or composited RMB notes by the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the retrieved and destroyed, not negotiable, "using the .
and the timely recovery of the market circulation of in injury, incomplete banknotes, to keep clean and tidy, safeguarding national reputation, and requires coordination from all parts of society and the timely recovery of the market circulation of in injury, incomplete banknotes, to keep clean and tidy, safeguarding national reputation, and requires coordination from all parts of society . individuals linked to the units if there is not suitable for circulation of the injury, incomplete, and should not re - use or pay - to - find, but it is picking up, and the patch which, at any time or returned to the bank to redeem the individuals linked to the units if there is not suitable for circulation of the injury, incomplete, and should not re - use or pay - to - find, but it is picking up, and the patch which, at any time or returned to the bank to redeem the .
Issuance Principle
RMB issuance of three principles: (1) issuing the principle of centralized RMB issuance of three principles: (1) issuing the principle of centralized . means the RMB's distribution rights to the State Council;Uniform as used in this law refers to the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the monopoly on currency issue, except the People is special, any areas, any units and individuals shall have the authority to issue currency; or if the No disguised currency means the RMB's distribution rights to the State Council;Uniform as used in this law refers to the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the monopoly on currency issue, except the People is special, any areas, any units and individuals shall have the authority to issue currency; or if the No disguised currency .
(2) plans to introduce the principle of (2) plans to introduce the principle of . means the currency of issue must be brought to the whole of the national planning system, in accordance with the national economy development, make a plan to issue, in order to ensure currency and price stability, in particular by the People's Bank of China (PBOC) means the currency of issue must be brought to the whole of the national planning system, in accordance with the national economy development, make a plan to issue, in order to ensure currency and price stability, in particular by the People's Bank of China (PBOC) .
proposed currency issuance program, implemented after the approval of the State Council (3) proposed currency issuance program, implemented after the approval of the State Council (3) . .
economic issue is the principle of the national economic development situation, according to the actual needs of the commodity circulation, through the issuance of bank credit channel,This is the issuance of the most basic economic principle and the principle of economic issue is the principle of the national economic development situation, according to the actual needs of the commodity circulation, through the issuance of bank credit channel,This is the issuance of the most basic economic principle and the principle of . issued corresponding to the fiscal issue, i.e., according to
fiscal expenditures before issuing currency issuance can play a role of a budget gap, but it undermines the value of the currency is a kind of non - rational methods of issuing fiscal expenditures before issuing currency issuance can play a role of a budget gap, but it undermines the value of the currency is a kind of non - rational methods of issuing . So, must uphold the principle of economic issue So, must uphold the principle of economic issue .
Publication History
in addition to the 1, 2, 5 is divided into three kinds of coins, the first, second and third edition of RMB out of circulation, the circulation of the yuan is the fourth series and fourth series, and the fifth set, sets the ordinary 10 - yuan simultaneously;Circulation of banknotes are: 1, 5 jiao, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 yuan;There are coin 5 jiao, 1 yuan and angle in addition to the 1, 2, 5 is divided into three kinds of coins, the first, second and third edition of RMB out of circulation, the circulation of the yuan is the fourth series and fourth series, and the fifth set, sets the ordinary 10 - yuan simultaneously;Circulation of banknotes are: 1, 5 jiao, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 yuan;There are coin 5 jiao, 1 yuan and angle . in the China Numismatic Museum out of series 5, with the back four, which is different from the first set of renminbi on the "People's Bank of China (PBOC), the" six characters are arranged from right to left, while reviewing the 1952 edition of Mao's votes, while suggesting the name shall be arranged from the left side, in 1953, the "People's Bank of China with respect to a line from left to right across these were all rename in the China Numismatic Museum out of series 5, with the back four, which is different from the first set of renminbi on the "People's Bank of China (PBOC), the" six characters are arranged from right to left, while reviewing the 1952 edition of Mao's votes, while suggesting the name shall be arranged from the left side, in 1953, the "People's Bank of China with respect to a line from left to right across these were all rename .
Commemorative Coin
50 million coins was themed, limited edition of the People's Bank of China from RMB 50 million coins was themed, limited edition of the People's Bank of China from RMB . 1984 first issue coins was up to now, has issued a total of 63 medals (Zhang) sleeve 75 million coins, with a circulation of about 8. 5 billion pieces of these coins (Zhang)
topics and colorful, unique in design, material specifications, thanks to a variety of novel and attractive patterns, the denomination has 1 horn, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan, the People's Republic of China 50 years of brilliant achievements and significant historical events are concentrated to the tiny numismatic coins are RMB topics and colorful, unique in design, material specifications, thanks to a variety of novel and attractive patterns, the denomination has 1 horn, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan, 100 yuan, the People's Republic of China 50 years of brilliant achievements and significant historical events are concentrated to the tiny numismatic coins are RMB . these series of important part,enriches and perfects its currency system, carry forward the Chinese monetary culture, and continuous exploration and innovation, promote the circulation of commodities and economic development, expand foreign exchange has played an active part in the these series of important part,enriches and perfects its currency system, carry forward the Chinese monetary culture, and continuous exploration and innovation, promote the circulation of commodities and economic development, expand foreign exchange has played an active part in the .
ordinary commemorative currencies and precious metal commemorative coins belong to two different categories of self - government are legal tender, but both have a lot of difference: first, the material of the ordinary commemorative currencies and precious metal commemorative coins belong to two different categories of self - government are legal tender, but both have a lot of difference: first, the material of the . coins was typically made from brass alloys such as conventional metal casting material, while the precious metal commemorative coins are generally made of gold, silver, platinum and other noble metal casting, from the material of the latter than the former are more precious second coins was typically made from brass alloys such as conventional metal casting material, while the precious metal commemorative coins are generally made of gold, silver, platinum and other noble metal casting, from the material of the latter than the former are more precious second .
,,. circulation coins circulated in the currency market with the renminbi having the same functions, with the same denomination as the ordinary 10 - yuan;while the precious metal commemorative coins of the denomination of the currency is just a symbol, which is not included in the calculation of the currency in circulation on the market, it is not participating in the currency, but has a national liquidating third circulation coins circulated in the currency market with the renminbi having the same functions, with the same denomination as the ordinary 10 - yuan;while the precious metal commemorative coins of the denomination of the currency is just a symbol, which is not included in the calculation of the currency in circulation on the market, it is not participating in the currency, but has a national liquidating third .
, , . circulation coins in circulation is generally much larger than the precious metal commemorative coins ( circulation coins in circulation is generally much larger than the precious metal commemorative coins (.
of the People "s Republic of China for details of circulation commemorative coins") of the People "s Republic of China for details of circulation commemorative coins").
Issuing Procedure
Peoples Bank of China shall establish a Renminbi issue treasury and shall establish subsidiary issue treasuries at its branches, in charge of storage of RMB issuance funds Peoples Bank of China shall establish a Renminbi issue treasury and shall establish subsidiary issue treasuries at its branches, in charge of storage of RMB issuance funds . RMB issuance funds shall refer to the note prepared by the factory turned over to the People's Bank of China (PBOC) kept not in circulation or RMB issuance funds shall refer to the note prepared by the factory turned over to the People's Bank of China (PBOC) kept not in circulation or .
RMB issuance funds in turn according to the People's Bank of China shall be handled according to provisions of the People's Bank of China (PBC) ( RMB issuance funds in turn according to the People's Bank of China shall be handled according to provisions of the People's Bank of China (PBC) (. issued mainly by ordinary business activities of cash commercial banks must realize issued mainly by ordinary business activities of cash commercial banks must realize .
withdrawal sub - branches of PBC open deposit account withdrawal sub - branches of PBC open deposit account . PBC in the business hours of commercial banks, cash deposit and withdrawal of commercial banks access cash PBC in the business hours of commercial banks, cash deposit and withdrawal of commercial banks access cash .
to the People's Bank of China, to commercial banks for the account opening entities;Account opening banks at the grass - roots (the subordinate) in cash, by bank account after formulation with unified access to PBC to the People's Bank of China, to commercial banks for the account opening entities;Account opening banks at the grass - roots (the subordinate) in cash, by bank account after formulation with unified access to PBC . when commercial Bank at a cash shortage, the commercial banks shall fill in a cheque, to the local People's Bank of China in their deposit accounts within the cash withdrawal amount, then the renminbi issuance from a repository to a commercial Bank at the service of the library, which means that this part of the currency in circulation or when commercial Bank at a cash shortage, the commercial banks shall fill in a cheque, to the local People's Bank of China in their deposit accounts within the cash withdrawal amount, then the renminbi issuance from a repository to a commercial Bank at the service of the library, which means that this part of the currency in circulation or .
when commercial Bank at cash beyond its business library inventory limits, the exceeding part of the commercial banks shall fill in Cash Payment Bill, which would be sent to the People's Bank of China (PBC) ( when commercial Bank at cash beyond its business library inventory limits, the exceeding part of the commercial banks shall fill in Cash Payment Bill, which would be sent to the People's Bank of China (PBC) (. this portion into the renminbi issuance treasury, means that the withdrawal from circulation of this portion into the renminbi issuance treasury, means that the withdrawal from circulation of .
Fluorescent Technique
In the third, the fourth series, there is a part of the fluorescence of the coin (Bookman) In the third, the fourth series, there is a part of the fluorescence of the coin (Bookman) . But now all have considerable hidden friends don't know what to make of this fluorescence, from all of us, from the basis for everybody to disabuse But now all have considerable hidden friends don't know what to make of this fluorescence, from all of us, from the basis for everybody to disabuse .
yuan a fluorescent technical knowledge, what is" fluorescence "?Fluorescent, luminescent, photoluminescent means is a cold light emitting phenomenon occurs when a substance via yuan a fluorescent technical knowledge, what is" fluorescence "?Fluorescent, luminescent, photoluminescent means is a cold light emitting phenomenon occurs when a substance via . room temperature of a certain wavelength of the incident light (typically ultraviolet rays or X - ray irradiation, the absorbed light energy into an excited state, and immediately excited and emits incident light by the wavelength of the reflected light (typically with wavelengths in the visible band);and as soon as the stop of the incident light, the light - emitting phenomenon disappears immediately room temperature of a certain wavelength of the incident light (typically ultraviolet rays or X - ray irradiation, the absorbed light energy into an excited state, and immediately excited and emits incident light by the wavelength of the reflected light (typically with wavelengths in the visible band);and as soon as the stop of the incident light, the light - emitting phenomenon disappears immediately .
also have this property of the reflected light is called fluorescence also have this property of the reflected light is called fluorescence . in daily life, people usually generalized and other various lit are referred to as fluorescence, instead of pursuing the subject and to distinguish its light emitting principle in daily life, people usually generalized and other various lit are referred to as fluorescence, instead of pursuing the subject and to distinguish its light emitting principle .
substance after ultraviolet irradiation emitted by the fluorescence phenomenon can be classified into two types, first is the spontaneous fluorescence, such as chlorophyll, heme or the like by exposure to ultraviolet light, can emit red fluorescence, is referred to as fluorescence;And the second is the induced fluorescence, i.e. the objects via the fluorescence dye and then by irradiating with ultraviolet rays to emit fluorescence, laser induced fluorescence (referred to as II, on the fluorescence of the banknote fluorescence is what?Should belong to the induced fluorescence will be chosen from among the banknotes of the logies analyzed II, on the fluorescence of the banknote fluorescence is what?Should belong to the induced fluorescence will be chosen from among the banknotes of the logies analyzed .
ink is printed banknotes of one of the most major component of ink is printed banknotes of one of the most major component of . with anti - counterfeiting performance of the ink is generally called security inks or security ink with anti - counterfeiting performance of the ink is generally called security inks or security ink .
commonly used are mostly as following: 1, a colored fluorescent ink is printed with such ink pattern in ordinary light is a kind of color, but the irradiation of the ultraviolet light is seen as it fluoresce brightly, even took on another color commonly used are mostly as following: 1, a colored fluorescent ink is printed with such ink pattern in ordinary light is a kind of color, but the irradiation of the ultraviolet light is seen as it fluoresce brightly, even took on another color . colored fluorescent inks are typically applied in a fixed position of a banknote or a certain pattern on the colored fluorescent inks are typically applied in a fixed position of a banknote or a certain pattern on the .
2, colorless fluorescent ink is an ink - printed patterns in the common light which is invisible.And in ultraviolet light, visible light can emit bright fluorescence as yuan each denomination bill have utilized this yuan each denomination bill have utilized this .
3 ink, magnetic ink a magnetic ink of the application of the more historic, but mostly as a qualitative index 3 ink, magnetic ink a magnetic ink of the application of the more historic, but mostly as a qualitative index . modern banknote more magnetic inks as a quantitative index for machine reading, but also increases the difficulty of forgery modern banknote more magnetic inks as a quantitative index for machine reading, but also increases the difficulty of forgery .
4, optically variable ink OVI ink used special optically variable material, on which the pattern has been printed, with different angles of view, the pattern of color variations by change color as 4, optically variable ink OVI ink used special optically variable material, on which the pattern has been printed, with different angles of view, the pattern of color variations by change color as . yuan and 100 yuan.50 - yuan note and front - right corner of the denomination is the use of optically variable ink printed
5, copy - ink with a color copier or copy the banknote, which is an ink - printed pattern is subject to color changes, to the extent that a copy of the original color tone on the face of a completely different hue such as yen on 5, copy - ink with a color copier or copy the banknote, which is an ink - printed pattern is subject to color changes, to the extent that a copy of the original color tone on the face of a completely different hue such as yen on . was used by was used by .
6 ink, infrared ink, infrared ink print patterns in the common light, color - - you can see there, but the infrared light for scope observation is invalid if the color 6 ink, infrared ink, infrared ink print patterns in the common light, color - - you can see there, but the infrared light for scope observation is invalid if the color . 7, pearlescent pearlescent ink printing of the pattern with different angles of view will appear bright metallic luster or effect of a variety of rainbow effect 7, pearlescent pearlescent ink printing of the pattern with different angles of view will appear bright metallic luster or effect of a variety of rainbow effect .
yen and the euro adopted in yen and the euro adopted in .
Circulation
China
RMB in mainland China is legal tender in mainland China RMB in mainland China is legal tender in mainland China . of of .
All the banks support RMB yuan in Hong Kong and Macao and Macao, China, they are not legal tender All the banks support RMB yuan in Hong Kong and Macao and Macao, China, they are not legal tender . subject to the discretion of the issuing of HK and Macao pataca subject to the discretion of the issuing of HK and Macao pataca .
but some stores to accept the use of yuan trading, while some Hong Kong banks to open RMB window, allowing citizens to transfer or deposit, extracting but some stores to accept the use of yuan trading, while some Hong Kong banks to open RMB window, allowing citizens to transfer or deposit, extracting . cashes in on 24 December 2003, the People's Bank of China appointed Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited as the Clearing Bank for Renminbi business in Hong Kong and Taiwan Taiwan cashes in on 24 December 2003, the People's Bank of China appointed Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited as the Clearing Bank for Renminbi business in Hong Kong and Taiwan Taiwan .
fiat currency is valued at NT $,All of the transactions performed at the loss of NT $ fiat currency is valued at NT $,All of the transactions performed at the loss of NT $ Therefore, in the territory of Taiwan general merchant does not accept the use of RMB
Taiwanese law also believe the yuan is only "securities", do not have the identity of the currency Taiwanese law also believe the yuan is only "securities", do not have the identity of the currency . Taiwan banks were generally not receiving the yuan's convertibility, Kinmen and Matsu of financial institutions, and wharf terminal respectively of 3 October 2005 and 4 October run to exchange RMB, and an upper limit of 20,000 yuan each time Taiwan banks were generally not receiving the yuan's convertibility, Kinmen and Matsu of financial institutions, and wharf terminal respectively of 3 October 2005 and 4 October run to exchange RMB, and an upper limit of 20,000 yuan each time .
on 4 July 2008 onwards, with the mainland and Taiwan on a" weekend charter flights" as" three links" is realized, in the island of Taiwan may be financial institutions, and wharf terminal freely convertible but has certain limit on 4 July 2008 onwards, with the mainland and Taiwan on a" weekend charter flights" as" three links" is realized, in the island of Taiwan may be financial institutions, and wharf terminal freely convertible but has certain limit .
The Rest Of Asia
Singapore's renminbi clearing business in Singapore, Singapore absorb renminbi deposits the second largest in mainland China and Hong Kong Singapore's renminbi clearing business in Singapore, Singapore absorb renminbi deposits the second largest in mainland China and Hong Kong . estimate may have a large number of international trade settled in dollars, the dollar shortage when the financial crisis, which caused the dollar's trade financing costs increase, while the renminbi between china and other countries for trade settlement provides new selection for estimate may have a large number of international trade settled in dollars, the dollar shortage when the financial crisis, which caused the dollar's trade financing costs increase, while the renminbi between china and other countries for trade settlement provides new selection for .
South Korea July 2, 2014, the South Korean presidential office announced, this week's summit between China and South Korea signed the won / yuan direct trading agreement South Korea July 2, 2014, the South Korean presidential office announced, this week's summit between China and South Korea signed the won / yuan direct trading agreement . in the direct trading agreement will be signed, in reducing reliance on the dollar, reducing exchange rate risks,and promote bilateral local currency internationalization, the renminbi's international liquidity in markets, activity is expected to further raise the level of investment, is also expected to broaden utilization channel of in the direct trading agreement will be signed, in reducing reliance on the dollar, reducing exchange rate risks,and promote bilateral local currency internationalization, the renminbi's international liquidity in markets, activity is expected to further raise the level of investment, is also expected to broaden utilization channel of .
in the 22 years since they established diplomatic ties, bilateral relations have grown rapidly, with the establishment of strategic partnership in many areas have become important partners in the 22 years since they established diplomatic ties, bilateral relations have grown rapidly, with the establishment of strategic partnership in many areas have become important partners . 2013 China and South Korea trade reached $2742 2013 China and South Korea trade reached $2742 .
Media, a research company,For the business community and the like of the two countries has direct currency trading positive attitude Media, a research company,For the business community and the like of the two countries has direct currency trading positive attitude . yuan in Mongolia and is commonly used in North Korea of yuan in Mongolia and is commonly used in North Korea of .
renminbi foreign exchange shops are free to use renminbi foreign exchange shops are free to use . yuan in Vietnam's northern border minority areas are mainly the use of yuan in Vietnam's northern border minority areas are mainly the use of .
yuan in Singapore shops can use the yuan in Singapore shops can use the . RMB Kokang in Burma, the Wa area can use the RMB Kokang in Burma, the Wa area can use the .
Africa
In January 2010, China and South Africa between first using cross - border trade settled in yuan, according to In January 2010, China and South Africa between first using cross - border trade settled in yuan, according to . society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunications data, As of January 2013, trade between China and Africa are adopting the renminbi for countries have set 18, while in 2010 there are only five society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunications data, As of January 2013, trade between China and Africa are adopting the renminbi for countries have set 18, while in 2010 there are only five .
although 2012 renminbi - settled trade has only accounted for Sino - African trade and that of 0. 5%, but a report by Standard Chartered Bank, predicts that by 2015, adopting the renminbi for trade between China and Africa reached 385 billion, accounting for 10% of the total trade between China and Africa offshore renminbi use in Africa countries is growing steadily and offshore renminbi use in Africa countries is growing steadily and .
Europe
UK 31 March 2014, the Bank of England and the Bank of England and the People's Bank of China signed in London in the London establishment of renminbi clearing arrangements in the memorandum of understanding for the UK 31 March 2014, the Bank of England and the Bank of England and the People's Bank of China signed in London in the London establishment of renminbi clearing arrangements in the memorandum of understanding for the . will help banks and other institutions in the international trade in the yuan will be used to promote global trade and investment will help banks and other institutions in the international trade in the yuan will be used to promote global trade and investment .
London yuan clearing arrangements established, would play into the hands of Chinese and British businesses and financial institutions using the renminbi for cross - border trade, further promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation London yuan clearing arrangements established, would play into the hands of Chinese and British businesses and financial institutions using the renminbi for cross - border trade, further promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation . of the two countries will determine the London clearing bank for RMB business in of the two countries will determine the London clearing bank for RMB business in .
France, Luxembourg between April and June 2014, "Europe"RMB internationalization is a well - deserved France, Luxembourg between April and June 2014, "Europe"RMB internationalization is a well - deserved . keywords central bank voted to authorize the China Construction Bank, Bank of London and Frankfurt respectively act as the clearing bank for RMB business, and subsequently announced on the 29th, has recently come to the Banque de France and Luxembourg, respectively, with the central bank, signed in Paris, and Luxembourg for the establishment of renminbi clearing arrangements in the memorandum of understanding for the keywords central bank voted to authorize the China Construction Bank, Bank of London and Frankfurt respectively act as the clearing bank for RMB business, and subsequently announced on the 29th, has recently come to the Banque de France and Luxembourg, respectively, with the central bank, signed in Paris, and Luxembourg for the establishment of renminbi clearing arrangements in the memorandum of understanding for the .
London and Frankfurt has been added to China's Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Singapore and Malaysia, which has become the official renminbi clearing business of the city,France and Luxembourg the progress in the offing London and Frankfurt has been added to China's Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Singapore and Malaysia, which has become the official renminbi clearing business of the city,France and Luxembourg the progress in the offing . RMB internationalization are important to the development of offshore renminbi deposit base RMB internationalization are important to the development of offshore renminbi deposit base .
Deutsche Bank expects the offshore yuan deposit base in 2014 before the end of the year and up to 25,000 yuan Deutsche Bank expects the offshore yuan deposit base in 2014 before the end of the year and up to 25,000 yuan .
Other Areas
RMB in Russia and China on the frontier by use of RMB in Russia and China on the frontier by use of . November 4, 2014, the People's Bank of China authorized ICBC Doha Qatar branch as the clearing bank for RMB business, marking Qatar will become the first renminbi clearing center, which in the long term may help Gulf oil exporters reduce their reliance on the dollar November 4, 2014, the People's Bank of China authorized ICBC Doha Qatar branch as the clearing bank for RMB business, marking Qatar will become the first renminbi clearing center, which in the long term may help Gulf oil exporters reduce their reliance on the dollar .
Wei Zimbabwe Finance Minister Patrick Chinamasa on Dec. 21, 2015, saying it will "trade between China and Zimbabwe, to play a role in", said Jin Fang and seeking to increase trade with China;The country's central bank governor John Mangum's working with the Ministry of the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the consultations with a view to expanding the use of the RMB in Zimbabwe 1 1.
Trade Financing
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, published data shows that, in October 2013, the yuan in global trade finance (credit and collection) in market share by 2012 and January 1. 89% increased to 8. 66% market share after the dollar, the second from the In contrast, the euro in global trade finance by market share in January 2012 for 7. 87% decline in 2013 to October 6. 64%, market share in the third - ranking
in October 2013, the U.S. dollar in global trade finance in a market share of 81 0.08%, market share as the dominant form of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, a growing number of exporters and importers of China and its trading partners to use Renminbi as pricing currency in credit and collection of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication market share as the dominant form of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, a growing number of exporters and importers of China and its trading partners to use Renminbi as pricing currency in credit and collection of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication .
Asia Pacific payments and trade marketing chief, Frank noted that the yuan in global trade finance has become the currency of choice for the system, especially in Asia Asia Pacific payments and trade marketing chief, Frank noted that the yuan in global trade finance has become the currency of choice for the system, especially in Asia . China, Singapore, Germany and Australia are using renminbi trade finance most of the countries China, Singapore, Germany and Australia are using renminbi trade finance most of the countries .
on July 20, 2014 issue of the "RMB Internationalization Report 2014" by "the RMB offshore market in the construction and development."Theme, the focus of the offshore market for the construction and development of the yuan's internationalization and significance, and discuss the influence of the capital account are not yet fully open to push the RMB internationalization path, the offshore renminbi market and the rational distribution of RUC President Chen Yulu in an interpretation report noted that the yuan internationalization index (RII) in 2013 has maintained rapid growth, the yuan in the next 3 years and to become the third largest international currency RUC President Chen Yulu in an interpretation report noted that the yuan internationalization index (RII) in 2013 has maintained rapid growth, the yuan in the next 3 years and to become the third largest international currency .
SWIFT 28, 2015 released a new report from the U.S.The yuan has in November 2014 replacing the Canadian and Australian dollar, making it the fifth - largest payment currency, the dollar, euro, pound and yen
The Devaluation Of The
Renminbi's depreciation on China?RMB devaluation, For ordinary citizens, the most direct feeling is visiting the US for shopping, studying like want to spend more money, and daily life in the same money to purchase goods that are fewer in the Renminbi's depreciation on China?RMB devaluation, For ordinary citizens, the most direct feeling is visiting the US for shopping, studying like want to spend more money, and daily life in the same money to purchase goods that are fewer in the . economists, the falling exchange rate, China's exports and imports, liquidity, and so the pressure will have an impact economists, the falling exchange rate, China's exports and imports, liquidity, and so the pressure will have an impact .
renminbi devaluation of the Chinese economy. It directly affects the cost, thereby inducing an imported inflation factors Given a number of important raw materials and spare parts have shown a high degree of import dependency, the devaluation of the yuan, which certainly constitutes the downstream until the terminal consumer Given a number of important raw materials and spare parts have shown a high degree of import dependency, the devaluation of the yuan, which certainly constitutes the downstream until the terminal consumer .
are the pressures at the same time, if the depreciation of the renminbi into the cycle,Would push a lot of one - way bet of international short term capital outflow China are the pressures at the same time, if the depreciation of the renminbi into the cycle,Would push a lot of one - way bet of international short term capital outflow China . which will cause a local insufficient domestic liquidity and boost market interest rates, ultimately resulting in an increase in housing prices, stocks and other asset prices which will cause a local insufficient domestic liquidity and boost market interest rates, ultimately resulting in an increase in housing prices, stocks and other asset prices .
Why the renminbi against the dollar plunge?The trigger in the spot rate close to the limit behind the run - up, is undoubtedly the euro and the dollar index of devaluations have skyrocketed by Why the renminbi against the dollar plunge?The trigger in the spot rate close to the limit behind the run - up, is undoubtedly the euro and the dollar index of devaluations have skyrocketed by . Moreover, Friday evening that the renminbi offshore market plunge and January's reading of weak performance, is the Dec. 2, the spot rate of the main reasons for the drastic decline of
Distinguish The True From The False
market circulation is largely the result of the fifth series of the 1999 version and 2005 version RMB, RMB as compared with the previous version of the main features are as following: First, highlight the "big three" characteristics i.e. like an adult, large watermark. Larger numbers, both to facilitate identification, or to enhance the anti - counterfeit function;Second, cancelled the traditional banknote type of the block design, ticket with an open structure, the increase in anti - counterfeiting design space;Three, take on the reverse side in such a way that a combination of Scenery, embody Chinese characteristics;Four, nicknamed the concise, clear and bright color;Fifth, increase the machine - readable technology, which is beneficial to clean - up tools, sort
a counterfeit mainly include two categories, one of the altered notes, chiefly on the basis of the genuine note by altering, collage, pastiche means to change the nature or the denomination of the banknote;Second is a counterfeit banknote, including ordinary forged banknotes and counterfeit banknotes refined a counterfeit mainly include two categories, one of the altered notes, chiefly on the basis of the genuine note by altering, collage, pastiche means to change the nature or the denomination of the banknote;Second is a counterfeit banknote, including ordinary forged banknotes and counterfeit banknotes refined . ordinary forged banknote is adopted, copying, scanning, by a color printer, offset and adopting the counterfeit banknote (counterfeit) ordinary forged banknote is adopted, copying, scanning, by a color printer, offset and adopting the counterfeit banknote (counterfeit) .
refining is completely true imitate bank note paper, ink, printing techniques, the production process of printed counterfeit money (mostly fake dollars, euros) refining is completely true imitate bank note paper, ink, printing techniques, the production process of printed counterfeit money (mostly fake dollars, euros) . discovered counterfeit renminbi are ordinary forged banknote discovered counterfeit renminbi are ordinary forged banknote .
by look, touch, three, four etc. a simple method can identify false Look: fixed) is designated as a watermark, a watermark, the offset pattern corresponding, optically variable ink and the denomination numbersadelomorphic denomination numbers Look: fixed) is designated as a watermark, a watermark, the offset pattern corresponding, optically variable ink and the denomination numbersadelomorphic denomination numbers .
(1) before the three taken into light perspective observation method (1) before the three taken into light perspective observation method . Genuine note: fixed portrait watermark and three - dimensional, very clear;high light - transmitting reflective white watermark is quite strong;offset corresponding to the pattern consists of a round hole pattern coins of Genuine note: fixed portrait watermark and three - dimensional, very clear;high light - transmitting reflective white watermark is quite strong;offset corresponding to the pattern consists of a round hole pattern coins of .
This all in the face of the light can be seen in perspective This all in the face of the light can be seen in perspective . counterfeit: mao zedong mug is often a pale watermark is printed with ink, this false watermark visible light observation, but not stereoscopically, and the light is good, this false often in planar view, a watermark can also be seen in the sheet having on a side thereof, is not disposed on the face;white denomination (digital watermark), and the genuine banknotes, the forgeries are generally opaque, with pale yellow ink is printed, not with light perspective, it can be laid flat on a table saw;Offset corresponding to the pattern of the perspective piece with light when there is a further apparent offset, uneven, often was counterfeit counterfeit: mao zedong mug is often a pale watermark is printed with ink, this false watermark visible light observation, but not stereoscopically, and the light is good, this false often in planar view, a watermark can also be seen in the sheet having on a side thereof, is not disposed on the face;white denomination (digital watermark), and the genuine banknotes, the forgeries are generally opaque, with pale yellow ink is printed, not with light perspective, it can be laid flat on a table saw;Offset corresponding to the pattern of the perspective piece with light when there is a further apparent offset, uneven, often was counterfeit .
(2) optically variable ink and the denomination in the digital observation angle, the angle of the light source in the event of a change in the 100 - yuan note and have green - and blue - graded, 50 - yuan note and golden - yellow and green of the graded (2) optically variable ink and the denomination in the digital observation angle, the angle of the light source in the event of a change in the 100 - yuan note and have green - and blue - graded, 50 - yuan note and golden - yellow and green of the graded . (3) with parallel eye invisible digital denomination it upside down, it is seen that there are 100, 50 and the handwriting of Arabic numerals (3) with parallel eye invisible digital denomination it upside down, it is seen that there are 100, 50 and the handwriting of Arabic numerals .
if viewed vertically, as can be seen from the often was counterfeit if viewed vertically, as can be seen from the often was counterfeit . (4) to observe the "People's Bank of China (PBOC), the" name, Mao Zedong, the real one more three - dimensional, flat plate offset printing is most of the counterfeit money,The lack of stereopsis ( (4) to observe the "People's Bank of China (PBOC), the" name, Mao Zedong, the real one more three - dimensional, flat plate offset printing is most of the counterfeit money,The lack of stereopsis (.
(5) to observe whether the banknotes have traces of reductions in collage, often with counterfeit money in the front - left is a collage of counterfeit, denomination and pretending to be white light digital watermark (5) to observe whether the banknotes have traces of reductions in collage, often with counterfeit money in the front - left is a collage of counterfeit, denomination and pretending to be white light digital watermark . (6) of RMB - denominated authenticity identification of principles: the true - false (6) of RMB - denominated authenticity identification of principles: the true - false .
not sure when I 'il get a ticket and the authenticity of a coin, it will either be compared with true coin not sure when I 'il get a ticket and the authenticity of a coin, it will either be compared with true coin . counterfeit coupon size is often inconsistent, the patterns are offset from the counterfeit coupon size is often inconsistent, the patterns are offset from the .
touch: "People's Bank of China (PBOC), the" name, Mao Zedong, gravure printed hand feeling lines, braille markings, the back of the Great Hall of the pattern (the real one) touch: "People's Bank of China (PBOC), the" name, Mao Zedong, gravure printed hand feeling lines, braille markings, the back of the Great Hall of the pattern (the real one) . 1: the above - mentioned areas will feel they are with the aid of a magnifying glass and look closely at 1: the above - mentioned areas will feel they are with the aid of a magnifying glass and look closely at .
,can see the image, text, so as to protrude from the paper, which is an offset lithographic printing fake money but you don't. 2 (counterfeit): In the past the place feels very smooth, may be directly determined as a counterfeit fraud 2 (counterfeit): In the past the place feels very smooth, may be directly determined as a counterfeit fraud .
molecules, nails etc. using a tool for the location of the "processing", or as they are, too, need to carefully screen new counterfeit money feels, at these sites compare one hand, the other hand, have an undercut, with the real one is significantly different, it feels relatively smooth new counterfeit money feels, at these sites compare one hand, the other hand, have an undercut, with the real one is significantly different, it feels relatively smooth .
under magnification, it is possible to see these images of the region, there is no text, so as to protrude from the plane of the paper, but full of created a pit, which is a row of nail"Processing" a trace of blockage by under magnification, it is possible to see these images of the region, there is no text, so as to protrude from the plane of the paper, but full of created a pit, which is a row of nail"Processing" a trace of blockage by . 3: 3: .
gently shake the banknote (1) Genuine note: clear, crisp sound (counterfeit) gently shake the banknote (1) Genuine note: clear, crisp sound (counterfeit) . 2: 2: .
four measured sounds: a simple little tool to detect, e.g., UV lamp, and a rule or counting machine, which detects the (1) of an authentic note: violet light, the front face of the "People's Bank of China" with the name of the following, there will be a golden Arabic numeral of 100, the upper part of the pattern on the reverse side, the elliptical light patterns will appear orange (1) of an authentic note: violet light, the front face of the "People's Bank of China" with the name of the following, there will be a golden Arabic numeral of 100, the upper part of the pattern on the reverse side, the elliptical light patterns will appear orange .
additionally noted that, the real one of the watermark in the UV lamp is not visible under the (fake) additionally noted that, the real one of the watermark in the UV lamp is not visible under the (fake) . 2: under the irradiation of the UV lamp, the whole banknote paper is often white, "the People's Bank of Chinaname illustrated beneath the Arabic numeral and the real one than the pale color, pattern or no skew at 2: under the irradiation of the UV lamp, the whole banknote paper is often white, "the People's Bank of Chinaname illustrated beneath the Arabic numeral and the real one than the pale color, pattern or no skew at .
under the UV lamp may often be seen printed on the sheet of paper for false portrait watermark pattern, typically disposed on the face, no, this is funny money in the violet examination under a distinct signature under the UV lamp may often be seen printed on the sheet of paper for false portrait watermark pattern, typically disposed on the face, no, this is funny money in the violet examination under a distinct signature . finally, Watch the security thread, a security thread is embedded in a papermaking process of the interior of the sheet, the sheet is joined together of finally, Watch the security thread, a security thread is embedded in a papermaking process of the interior of the sheet, the sheet is joined together of .
if security thread, is often the counterfeit money to the safety level is removed, in such a manner as to sandwich the intermediate if security thread, is often the counterfeit money to the safety level is removed, in such a manner as to sandwich the intermediate . counterfeit banknotes of the 05 version of the security thread is a holographic windowed security thread,In welcoming light observation should is a far cry from the real line counterfeit banknotes of the 05 version of the security thread is a holographic windowed security thread,In welcoming light observation should is a far cry from the real line .
the counterfeit security thread which are mostly printed in the surface of the banknote is tilted, the light observed when obvious intermittent the counterfeit security thread which are mostly printed in the surface of the banknote is tilted, the light observed when obvious intermittent . the security thread, watermark, ancient coins, digital color, smooth to the touch line, with a nominal size of the combined observation the security thread, watermark, ancient coins, digital color, smooth to the touch line, with a nominal size of the combined observation .
Exchange Rates
Exchange Rate Change
From 1949 to 1952 with floating rate From 1949 to 1952 with floating rate . from 1953 to 1973, the dollar at 2.46 yuan level
1973, pegging the yuan to Western countries the currency float, "basket" method of calculation of the adjusted weighted average 1973, pegging the yuan to Western countries the currency float, "basket" method of calculation of the adjusted weighted average . to the dollar from the 1973 1 USD = 2. 46 yuan gradually adjusted to the 1980 1. 50 yuan, strengthened against the US dollar was 39. 2 percent, compared with the pound sterling from the exchange 1 5 91 yuan RMB and the solution was adjusted to 44 yuan,revaluation of currencies and a 41. 6%
between 1980 and 1994, the People's Republic of China has a dual exchange rate regime between 1980 and 1994, the People's Republic of China has a dual exchange rate regime . from 1981 to 1984, primarily the dual exchange rate system, i.e. in addition to the official exchange rate, China's territory. Situations that are stipulated for import and export trade settlement and foreign trade economic accounting unit of the internal trade of foreign exchange settlement price, which at the time of the export price in accordance with the determined costs, fixed at 2.
80 yuan per ton, official RMB exchange rate and the impact of the dollar from 1981 and July 1. $50 to be adjusted down in July 1984 for 2. 30 yuan,RMB against the US dollar was 53. 3% 1985 to April 1991 was reverted to a single exchange rate system of exchange rates 1985 to April 1991 was reverted to a single exchange rate system of exchange rates .
continued downward adjustments, from July 1984 2. 30, 1985 to January 2. 80, after repeatedly slashed April 1991 to the end of 1993, the exchange rate for Renminbi April 1991 to the end of 1993, the exchange rate for Renminbi .
fine - tune the yuan's value against the dollar the official exchange rate and exchange rate respectively toner is 5. 7 and 8. 7 yuan in 1994 and unofficially pegged to the dollar, floating exchange rates in the U.S. dollar to 8.28 yuan range
on 21 July 2005,RMB exchange rate change with reference to a basket of currencies, the currency's value to 1 dollar add 8. 11 yuan, to appreciate by 2 per cent, and no longer pegged to the dollar dated 23 September 2005, the People's Bank of China issued a notice, has expanded to the inter - bank foreign exchange spot market of non - dollar currencies were trading at the midpoint of the range, from the original down 1.5 per cent and down 3%
dated 3 January 2006, the People's Bank of China on the inter - bank foreign exchange spot market bulletin "(People's Bank of China Announcement No. 1 (2006), from January 4, 2006,In the foreign exchange spot market on the introduction of transaction by inquiry (hereinafter referred to as the OTC), while retaining the medium price on May 18, 2007, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said in a statement, on Dec. 21, the inter - bank spot foreign currency band by 0.3 percent to 0.5 percent of the
2012 14 April 2011, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said in a statement,16th President of the People's Republic of China on the inter - bank spot foreign exchange market the yuan trading band against the dollar by expanding, from 1.5 percent to 1, i.e., yuan - dollar spot rate at the pedestrian may be authorized by the Foreign Trade System (CFETS) published on the day fixed the yuan's floating up and down 1% since June 2012, China and Japan started direct trading between the yuan and the yen, the dollar performed a detour, saves the intermediate fee, also is the internationalization of the RMB step yuan - dollar spot rate at the pedestrian may be authorized by the Foreign Trade System (CFETS) published on the day fixed the yuan's floating up and down 1% since June 2012, China and Japan started direct trading between the yuan and the yen, the dollar performed a detour, saves the intermediate fee, also is the internationalization of the RMB step .
in October 2012, the Australian government released "Australia in the Asian Century White Paper, will" drive the Australian and Japanese currencies directly into yuan. "listed as a priority issue and on April 10, 2013, the Australian dollar against the yuan with direct transaction on April 10, 2013, the Australian dollar against the yuan with direct transaction .
officially launched on December 31, 2013, the yuan to report 6. 0969, 6. 10, sets a new record in July 2005 since its record for so far in 2014, the yuan again to the "6" with so far in 2014, the yuan again to the "6" with .
1 / 10 / 2014, RMB against US dollar reported 6. 1008, 2014 hit a record low of 21 February, the dollar again fell 30 basis points at 6. 1176,create a new low since 2014
RMB spot exchange rate also has fallen for four days, was an accumulated depreciation of 0. 45% on the day the renminbi non - deliverable (NDF) 1 year forward exchange rate quotes for the latest 6. 1342 from the day before, the devaluation of the 0. 19 As of February 25, 2014 Friday, the dollar / renminbi spot rate at 6. 1240;domestic interbank dollar / renminbi transaction inquiry, it closed at 6.
1266 As of February 25, RMB exchange rate has depreciated for a sixth day, half a year of record lows in late February 2014 1266 As of February 25, RMB exchange rate has depreciated for a sixth day, half a year of record lows in late February 2014 ., , .
a larger decline in the dollar in the spot rate and the central bank of its value against the dollar middle price of 0. 4% and 0. 2%, off - shore RMB depreciated 1. 1% in the depreciation of the RMB exchange rate, inter - bank short - term market interest rates have also eased, with overnight interest rates before the Spring Festival of 4. 4% and 1. 8%
2014 Nov. 14, the RMB against US dollar reported 6. 1653,More on a higher daily rate (6. 1636) fell 17 basis points published by China Foreign Exchange Trade System upon authorization of the People's Bank of China, on 14 May 2014 in the inter - bank foreign currency: 1 dollar against the RMB 6. 1653 yuan, EUR 1.00 = RMB 8. 4468 yuan, 100 yen and renminbi 6. 0531, one Hong Kong dollar against RMB 0. 79535 yuan, 1 pound of RMB 10. 3768 yuan, 1 dollar - renminbi 5. 7880 yuan, 1 yuan, 5 cents. 3355 yuan,1 against the Canadian dollar RMB 5. 6521 Yuan, RMB 1 yuan to 0. 52163 ringgit, RMB 1 yuan on the 5. 6084 RUR
2014 on Aug. 19, the yuan's value against the dollar early 98.33 breaking 6. 14, a record high since March 13 Beijing Time (13: 45 of the renminbi against the dollar in the spot report 6. 1370 yuan, on the day at 6.
1437 1437.
Name Dispute
Since 2007, RMB name issues hotly disputed, a member of the Chinese Lin strategy, economic scholars left the river are put forward that the RMB should be renamed the "to" Chinese dollar "or" Hua Yuan "," Chinese yuan ", on the recommendation of its reason: 1," the people of "non - unique to China;2, with the internationally renowned Chinese name decoupling to the detriment of international recognition, is not called up on the port;3. You only need to change a name, does not require Gaiyin banknote is easy and 4, to be addressed sooner rather than later, as the Chinese currency on the international early on ready.5, to expand in the Chinese currency in the scope of the concepts, the enhancement of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and other regions of
6, "" abbreviated as" CN $", with international shorthand for identifying the currency, with the prevailing standards of international financial markets on a currency symbol" CNY "close to 6, "" abbreviated as" CN $", with international shorthand for identifying the currency, with the prevailing standards of international financial markets on a currency symbol" CNY "close to . and the like but also of the one who opposed it, the opposing viewpoint is: 1, to respect history, respect the customary and the like but also of the one who opposed it, the opposing viewpoint is: 1, to respect history, respect the customary .
2, embodying, the People's Republic of China and the People's Government, and feature 3 2, embodying, the People's Republic of China and the People's Government, and feature 3 ., RMB appellation of subject concept clear, shouldn't be changed like , RMB appellation of subject concept clear, shouldn't be changed like .
to the end of 2012, Chinese officials have not made a formal to the end of 2012, Chinese officials have not made a formal .
Related Laws
1, of the Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China according to relevant provisions stipulated in Chapter IV, Article 170 of the crimes of: forgery of currency, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years, and concurrently impose a fine from 50,000 to 500,000 yuan.one of the following circumstances, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or the death penalty, and impose a fine from 50,000 to 500,000 yuan or confiscation of property: (1) those principal criminals of a currency counterfeit group;(2) having counterfeited currencies in especially huge, amounts; or(3) there are other especially serious circumstances Article 171 Whoever sells or buys a substantial amount of counterfeit money or transports it with the full knowledge that it is counterfeit shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and shall also be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan;If the amount involved is huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and impose a fine from 50,000 to 500,000 yuan.If the amount is especially huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment or life imprisonment, and concurrently impose a fine from 50,000 to 500,000 yuan or confiscation of property
Employees of banks or other financial institutions who buy counterfeit money or take advantage of their positions to trade counterfeit money for real currency shall be the currency, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan;When the amount is enormous or other circumstances are serious, be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan or be sentenced to confiscation of property;If the circumstances are relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than, yuan but not more than Employees of banks or other financial institutions who buy counterfeit money or take advantage of their positions to trade counterfeit money for real currency shall be the currency, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years and shall also be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan;When the amount is enormous or other circumstances are serious, be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment, with a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan or be sentenced to confiscation of property;If the circumstances are relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than, yuan but not more than . Whoever counterfeits currency and sells or transports counterfeit currencies shall be convicted and given a heavier punishment according to the provisions in article 170 of the Whoever counterfeits currency and sells or transports counterfeit currencies shall be convicted and given a heavier punishment according to the provisions in article 170 of the .
Article 172: Whoever knowingly possesses or uses a substantial amount of counterfeit money shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and shall also, or shall only, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan;if the amount involved is huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10, less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan;If the amount is especially huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than a decade to be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than RMB 50,000 yuan and RMB 500,000 yuan or be sentenced to confiscation of property Article 172: Whoever knowingly possesses or uses a substantial amount of counterfeit money shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and shall also, or shall only, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan;if the amount involved is huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10, less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 yuan;If the amount is especially huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than a decade to be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than RMB 50,000 yuan and RMB 500,000 yuan or be sentenced to confiscation of property . Article 173: Whoever alters currencies shall, if the amount involved is relatively large, be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and shall also, or shall only, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan;if the amount involved is huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10, less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 Article 173: Whoever alters currencies shall, if the amount involved is relatively large, be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention and shall also, or shall only, be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan;if the amount involved is huge, he shall be sentenced to fixed - term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10, less than 20,000 yuan and not more than 200,000 .
2, of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China of the relevant provisions of Article 18 Any counterfeiting, altering or illegal printing or minting of Renminbi is 2, of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China of the relevant provisions of Article 18 Any counterfeiting, altering or illegal printing or minting of Renminbi is . It is prohibited to sell or purchase counterfeitor altered renminbi It is prohibited to sell or purchase counterfeitor altered renminbi .
It is prohibited to transport, hold or use counterfeit or altered Renminbi is prohibited to destroy Renminbi intentionally It is prohibited to transport, hold or use counterfeit or altered Renminbi is prohibited to destroy Renminbi intentionally . .
Article 19: Any unit or individual shall print and vend currency institutional coupons to replace circulation of RMB in markets Article 19: Any unit or individual shall print and vend currency institutional coupons to replace circulation of RMB in markets . Article 41 Anyone who counterfeits Renminbi or sells counterfeit Renminbi, or knowingly transports counterfeit Renminbi shall be investigated forhe shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to lawif the circumstances are minor, the offender shall be punished by the public security organs shall be detained for a maximum of fifteen days, fined a maximum of 42 Article 41 Anyone who counterfeits Renminbi or sells counterfeit Renminbi, or knowingly transports counterfeit Renminbi shall be investigated forhe shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to lawif the circumstances are minor, the offender shall be punished by the public security organs shall be detained for a maximum of fifteen days, fined a maximum of 42 .
: Anyone who buys counterfeit or altered Renminbi or knowingly forged, altered or illegally printed or minted Renminbi, are used to constitute a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law;if the circumstances are minor, the offender shall be punished by the public security organs shall be detained for a maximum of fifteen days, fined a maximum of : Anyone who buys counterfeit or altered Renminbi or knowingly forged, altered or illegally printed or minted Renminbi, are used to constitute a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law;if the circumstances are minor, the offender shall be punished by the public security organs shall be detained for a maximum of fifteen days, fined a maximum of . Article 43 If anyone illegally uses the patterns of Renminbi in propaganda materials, publications or other commodities, the PBC shall order him to make corrections, and shall destroy the illegally used patterns of Renminbi, confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of no more than 44 Article 43 If anyone illegally uses the patterns of Renminbi in propaganda materials, publications or other commodities, the PBC shall order him to make corrections, and shall destroy the illegally used patterns of Renminbi, confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of no more than 44 .
: printed issue promissory notes as substitutes for Renminbi for circulation on the open market, PBC shall order to stop the illegal act and impose a fine of no more : printed issue promissory notes as substitutes for Renminbi for circulation on the open market, PBC shall order to stop the illegal act and impose a fine of no more .
