Introduction
Curiosity rover is a car - sized Mars telecontrol equipment Curiosity rover is a car - sized Mars telecontrol equipment . projects with a total investment of 25 billion (2012) is by far the most expensive of the Mars Exploration Program projects with a total investment of 25 billion (2012) is by far the most expensive of the Mars Exploration Program .
November 26, 2011, Curiosity was launched, thereafter successfully entered Mars orbit November 26, 2011, Curiosity was launched, thereafter successfully entered Mars orbit . Beijing time on August 6, 2012 13: 31 "Curiosity" Mars' Gale crater in the vicinity of the center of the mountain landing Beijing time on August 6, 2012 13: 31 "Curiosity" Mars' Gale crater in the vicinity of the center of the mountain landing .
Curiosity rover will be launched one Martian year (approximately 687 Earth days, almost two years), the main task is to identify whether there are past or present Mars life Curiosity rover will be launched one Martian year (approximately 687 Earth days, almost two years), the main task is to identify whether there are past or present Mars life .
Background
Since the early 20th century began, the people of Mars seen by telescope in the image in the mind and imagination, thinks there may be life on Mars, the Martians Since the early 20th century began, the people of Mars seen by telescope in the image in the mind and imagination, thinks there may be life on Mars, the Martians . however, when the earliest landers Viking 1 and 2 touch the surface of Mars in 1976, the people disillusioned, pirates from the No. 2 is a photograph showing a cold, barren, dry, apparently died of planetary
however, is also in the same period, the scientists back on Earth at the bottom of the deep sea vents, has been found in the extreme for the presence of a microorganism, as demonstrated by the fact that life can adapt to various environments however, is also in the same period, the scientists back on Earth at the bottom of the deep sea vents, has been found in the extreme for the presence of a microorganism, as demonstrated by the fact that life can adapt to various environments . since the 20 th century,NASA's Mars probe over ten times, only to realize the 6 times Mars landing in 1996, NASA launched the Mars Prospector since the 20 th century,NASA's Mars probe over ten times, only to realize the 6 times Mars landing in 1996, NASA launched the Mars Prospector .
This global detector hours to start exploring Mars Trilogy, a series of orbiter and a lander to be sent to Mars This global detector hours to start exploring Mars Trilogy, a series of orbiter and a lander to be sent to Mars . detection result lets scientists know, Mars, in fact there are vigor detection result lets scientists know, Mars, in fact there are vigor .
2004 Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity have been found, in past Mars was once far warmer and wetter, and possibly even across the ocean 2004 Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity have been found, in past Mars was once far warmer and wetter, and possibly even across the ocean . but it later came to the environment has changed drastically since then but it later came to the environment has changed drastically since then .
,NASA's Mars mission's scientific goals are to investigate whether around Mars once supported life, Curiosity rover and NASA also further promote the "follow the water" strategy of ,NASA's Mars mission's scientific goals are to investigate whether around Mars once supported life, Curiosity rover and NASA also further promote the "follow the water" strategy of .
Naming
Children are named by the rover of NASA Children are named by the rover of NASA . Practices of 18 November 2008, the United States for a five - year - old to 18 - year - old student of the rover is named at the beginning of the 2009 Practices of 18 November 2008, the United States for a five - year - old to 18 - year - old student of the rover is named at the beginning of the 2009 .
23 March to 29 April, the general public into decision nine names on the ballot, was eventually named as a reference from the lander 23 March to 29 April, the general public into decision nine names on the ballot, was eventually named as a reference from the lander . May 27, 2009, NASA announced the introduction of chinese girls ma tianqi "curiosity" bears the name of the rover May 27, 2009, NASA announced the introduction of chinese girls ma tianqi "curiosity" bears the name of the rover .
Design
Plutonium Nuclear Fuel
Curiosity Rover car is quite tall and weighs about 900 kg, and landed in 2004, Opportunity rover and Mars Spirit rover compared to plutonium nuclear fuel for the power of the "Curiosity" rover has a mass of them 3 times, the volume thereof is twice as much as Curiosity Rover car is quite tall and weighs about 900 kg, and landed in 2004, Opportunity rover and Mars Spirit rover compared to plutonium nuclear fuel for the power of the "Curiosity" rover has a mass of them 3 times, the volume thereof is twice as much as . Curiosity carries 10 equipments, is the "Opportunity" and "courage" for carrying out the quantity of twice to 10 times mass of Curiosity carries 10 equipments, is the "Opportunity" and "courage" for carrying out the quantity of twice to 10 times mass of .
plutonium nuclear - powered Curiosity to carry more of the detection device, and more advanced, the continuous travel of the surface of Mars and the ability to " plutonium nuclear - powered Curiosity to carry more of the detection device, and more advanced, the continuous travel of the surface of Mars and the ability to "." curiosity items with a total investment of 25 billion dollars,(2012) is by far the most expensive of the Mars Exploration Program " curiosity items with a total investment of 25 billion dollars,(2012) is by far the most expensive of the Mars Exploration Program .
Floating Landing
"Curiosity" landed at No. One of the difficulties lies in the fact that the lander must be 6 minutes and a half from the speed per hour 12 km down to zero Curiosity landed on Mars, the most gripping when are aerial suspension link Curiosity landed on Mars, the most gripping when are aerial suspension link .
NASA used a new "sky crane" system, in the planet's surface is about 20 m of height made curiosity still suspended, then lay it down NASA used a new "sky crane" system, in the planet's surface is about 20 m of height made curiosity still suspended, then lay it down . due to this system was never previously practice run, landing the biggest suspense due to this system was never previously practice run, landing the biggest suspense .
within 7 minutes, it is desire to move at speeds of about 2. 09 400,000km to 0, it is necessary to successfully complete a series of actions, including the use of a parachute to slow its descent,Firing of the rocket landing and carefully because it's a crater to avoid generating dust clouds, etc., so as to include the Rover up to 3 tons, including the mass of the lander from the bullet - like speed is reduced to a smooth landing.It must be accurately executed as program, half a million lines of program code, as long as an error occurs, the rover could well would impact the surface of mars, Firdos 
The Tip Of The Instrument
Curiosity on Mars of equipment sent to Mars is by far the most professional and advanced instruments to Curiosity on Mars of equipment sent to Mars is by far the most professional and advanced instruments to . curiosity to equipment capable of lifting heavy weights curiosity to equipment capable of lifting heavy weights .
its" head "on the two eyes is an array of cameras, which can span a distance of seven football fields tell the opposite of a basketball or football? its" head "on the two eyes is an array of cameras, which can span a distance of seven football fields tell the opposite of a basketball or football? . another curiosity, arrived at a new location, the water for 25 minutes in a 150 photographs, and then synthesizing one panoramic photo another curiosity, arrived at a new location, the water for 25 minutes in a 150 photographs, and then synthesizing one panoramic photo .
Curiosity also carry a chemical camera" of the instrument, it is capable of emitting a laser, which hit the 7 meters of rock or soil Curiosity also carry a chemical camera" of the instrument, it is capable of emitting a laser, which hit the 7 meters of rock or soil . laser light strikes a substance will generate a plasma,The "camera" by observing the plasma spectral, Keulen composition of laser light strikes a substance will generate a plasma,The "camera" by observing the plasma spectral, Keulen composition of .
in the spectrometer device can be measured to 6144 different wavelength of light, while the different substances are ionized by the emitted light having a specific wavelength in the spectrometer device can be measured to 6144 different wavelength of light, while the different substances are ionized by the emitted light having a specific wavelength . this chemical cameras to have sufficient range to help scientists search for the next sampling and analysis of the close - range target this chemical cameras to have sufficient range to help scientists search for the next sampling and analysis of the close - range target .
Another "alpha particle X - ray spectrometer" can be a 10 - minute fast detection, the detected rock in content as low as 1. 5% of ingredient if it is given three hours time, it can be detected in one ten - thousandth order of content of the substance it if it is given three hours time, it can be detected in one ten - thousandth order of content of the substance it .
especially for sulfur, chlorine,bromine salt had a significant correlation with sensitivity to substances, from which there are likely to be seen whether they ever did anything at all with water especially for sulfur, chlorine,bromine salt had a significant correlation with sensitivity to substances, from which there are likely to be seen whether they ever did anything at all with water . Curiosity has two direct analysis of rock and soil samples of the instrument, respectively, is a "chemical and mineralogical analyzer" and "Mars sample analytical equipment", they rely on Curiosity's robotic arm sampling sample analysis Curiosity has two direct analysis of rock and soil samples of the instrument, respectively, is a "chemical and mineralogical analyzer" and "Mars sample analytical equipment", they rely on Curiosity's robotic arm sampling sample analysis .
Lai in search for water on the effort, Curiosity is also a weapon, called "dynamic neutron albedo equipment rate of" Lai in search for water on the effort, Curiosity is also a weapon, called "dynamic neutron albedo equipment rate of" . this device actually earlier around the world for oil exploration, and it turns out the neutron,Then by observing the interaction of neutrons and hydrogen nuclei after the occurrence of the change in energy that determines the presence of hydrogen this device actually earlier around the world for oil exploration, and it turns out the neutron,Then by observing the interaction of neutrons and hydrogen nuclei after the occurrence of the change in energy that determines the presence of hydrogen .
later - the scientists who designed it for lunar and Mars exploration later - the scientists who designed it for lunar and Mars exploration . in 2002, the Mars Odyssey spacecraft in the face with this equipment found in high - latitude Mars subsurface water ice in 2002, the Mars Odyssey spacecraft in the face with this equipment found in high - latitude Mars subsurface water ice .
Sounding Plan
"Curiosity, this goal is to find a carbon - based organics "Curiosity, this goal is to find a carbon - based organics . Curiosity in the Martian surface," Parade ", completing a period of about two years of experimental projects Curiosity in the Martian surface," Parade ", completing a period of about two years of experimental projects .
" Opportunity "and" Courage "was previously entered the small crater on Mars, capable of climbing a slope, but Curiosity's landing on a Gale of about 5000 m high Mount Sharp " Opportunity "and" Courage "was previously entered the small crater on Mars, capable of climbing a slope, but Curiosity's landing on a Gale of about 5000 m high Mount Sharp . by analyzing the surface condition of Mount Sharp, Curiosity is expected to learn more about Martian history by analyzing the surface condition of Mount Sharp, Curiosity is expected to learn more about Martian history .
Discovery
Beat To Mars As A Partial Eclipse
In September 2012, the Curiosity Mars rover has made numerous In September 2012, the Curiosity Mars rover has made numerous . 's partial solar eclipse on Earth by the lunar eclipse of the sun and Earth passes between the forming, a Martian solar eclipse is caused by the two satellites of Mars 's partial solar eclipse on Earth by the lunar eclipse of the sun and Earth passes between the forming, a Martian solar eclipse is caused by the two satellites of Mars .
photograph, Phobos is concealed by the sun, seem to be the "bite" on the floor and was photograph, Phobos is concealed by the sun, seem to be the "bite" on the floor and was .
Found Any Vestige Of The Old Riverbed
On September 27, 2012, NASA scientists say they have "Curiosity" returned pictures of Mars on the discovery, in Gale crater known as Gale Crater and the northern edge of Sharp Mountain (Mount Sharp), many of which have already aggregated into a conglomerate of gravel, crushed stone is supposed to be very fast - flowing river water brought here On September 27, 2012, NASA scientists say they have "Curiosity" returned pictures of Mars on the discovery, in Gale crater known as Gale Crater and the northern edge of Sharp Mountain (Mount Sharp), many of which have already aggregated into a conglomerate of gravel, crushed stone is supposed to be very fast - flowing river water brought here . according to their size and shape, scientists estimate the ancient mars river flow velocity is about 0. 9 m / sec, the depth is roughly equivalent to the human ankle to hip height between
some gravel that has been polished very smooth,the problems are proved to be a long journey to get here some gravel that has been polished very smooth,the problems are proved to be a long journey to get here .
Found Unidentified Objects Like Metal Fragments
On October 7, 2012, at the first sampled the soil of Mars, the Curiosity rover discovered on the ground there is a small size of the unidentified object, like a sterling - silver or some other fragments of On October 7, 2012, at the first sampled the soil of Mars, the Curiosity rover discovered on the ground there is a small size of the unidentified object, like a sterling - silver or some other fragments of . 8 October, due to the discovery of a bright object on the ground and possibly from the curiosity of the debris falls off of the decision was made without the use of a mechanical arm 8 October, due to the discovery of a bright object on the ground and possibly from the curiosity of the debris falls off of the decision was made without the use of a mechanical arm .
Curiosity took this picture of the object, in order to help the project team to identify and assess the possible impact on the sample collection Curiosity took this picture of the object, in order to help the project team to identify and assess the possible impact on the sample collection .
Evidence That Mars Had Water
In September 2013, the NASA "Curiosity" rover discovered that Mars soil surface weight is about 2% moisture, meaning that every cubic feet (less than 0.03 cubic metres) of Martian soil is able to obtain about 1 liter of water U.S. engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and NASA researchers from institutions such as the September 26, 2013 in "Science" magazine reported that they use, "Curiosity, carrying the sample analyzer, which landed on Mars after obtaining the first shovel of soil layer is heated to a temperature of 835 degrees Celsius, the result of the elimination of water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur containing compounds like a substance,wherein the mass of water is about 2%
papers as first author, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Lexington, Laurie says, "now on Mars should taste rich, can be easily obtained in the water", this is" one of the most exciting result, " papers as first author, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Lexington, Laurie says, "now on Mars should taste rich, can be easily obtained in the water", this is" one of the most exciting result, ". future if someone to mars, only of the surface of Mars and scooping up soil, and then slightly heated, it is possible to obtain water future if someone to mars, only of the surface of Mars and scooping up soil, and then slightly heated, it is possible to obtain water .
Mars Rocks And Age Determination
In December 2013, Curiosity Project Team in "Science" magazine, reported on the recent Curiosity Mars rocks In December 2013, Curiosity Project Team in "Science" magazine, reported on the recent Curiosity Mars rocks .; determination of the "Cumberland" is Curiosity on Mars samples at the bottom of the second block of the rock,It was also the first to be conducted in situ in situ age analysis of rock samples of Caltech's ; determination of the "Cumberland" is Curiosity on Mars samples at the bottom of the second block of the rock,It was also the first to be conducted in situ in situ age analysis of rock samples of Caltech's .
Kenneth Farley Professor Kenneth Farley published a detailed report on this rock during the process of analyzing the team measured the Kenneth Farley Professor Kenneth Farley published a detailed report on this rock during the process of analyzing the team measured the . data suggests this martian rocks of roughly the age of 38. 6 ~ 45 million between
- also in line with previous scientists gale crater age estimate - also in line with previous scientists gale crater age estimate .
Machine Fault
Sensor Damage
August 22, 2012, NASA reported "Curiosity" detector carried by the "Weather Station" on top of a typhoon Kuang displays sensor damage August 22, 2012, NASA reported "Curiosity" detector carried by the "Weather Station" on top of a typhoon Kuang displays sensor damage . sensor damage is yet to be identified, engineers estimate is Curiosity's landing in the Martian surface rocks flying, hit the back of the sensor circuit, destroying the wiring sensor damage is yet to be identified, engineers estimate is Curiosity's landing in the Martian surface rocks flying, hit the back of the sensor circuit, destroying the wiring .
"weather station" records air and ground temperature, air pressure and humidity, wind speed and direction, these parameters throughout the Rover provided by the sensor (s) are located on the boom "weather station" records air and ground temperature, air pressure and humidity, wind speed and direction, these parameters throughout the Rover provided by the sensor (s) are located on the boom . the front of the wind sensor is not affected, but only one sensor, which for a full understanding of the Martian wind has brought the difficulty,also lowers the rover to detect a particular wind speed and direction of the front of the wind sensor is not affected, but only one sensor, which for a full understanding of the Martian wind has brought the difficulty,also lowers the rover to detect a particular wind speed and direction of .
ability ability.
Bit Incomplete Disinfection
September 11, 2012, when the "Curiosity" Mars probe the final expanding - rising posture of the robot arm into the Martian surface, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists hope will not be in this dusty red planet found water, because "the curiosity of a drill bit is not disinfected strictly, which is carried on the surface of bacteria likely to contaminate Mars September 11, 2012, when the "Curiosity" Mars probe the final expanding - rising posture of the robot arm into the Martian surface, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists hope will not be in this dusty red planet found water, because "the curiosity of a drill bit is not disinfected strictly, which is carried on the surface of bacteria likely to contaminate Mars .
Two On - Board Computer Fault
NASA on March 1, 2013, due to the main computer fails, the "Curiosity" rover has entered a "safety mode" of the minimum active, its scientific work has also halted all NASA on March 1, 2013, due to the main computer fails, the "Curiosity" rover has entered a "safety mode" of the minimum active, its scientific work has also halted all . NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the rover project manager Richard Cook said the fault appeared in the Feb. 27, the day of "curiosity" for not beaming to Earth the recording of data, also to carry out planned to enter a sleep state
ground engineer's inspection found fault with the master computer flash crash related ground engineer's inspection found fault with the master computer flash crash related . collapse although the reasons are unclear, but scientists were presumed to be by the high - energy particles in cosmic ray induced collapse although the reasons are unclear, but scientists were presumed to be by the high - energy particles in cosmic ray induced .
Computer File Deletion Failure Caused By "safety Mode"
On March 18, 2013, the American "Curiosity" rover chief scientist John Grotzinger said the evening of January 17 experiences a second computer glitch, the rover to again enter "safe mode" of the minimum active On March 18, 2013, the American "Curiosity" rover chief scientist John Grotzinger said the evening of January 17 experiences a second computer glitch, the rover to again enter "safe mode" of the minimum active . occurs a new failure is due to the computer system to delete a file and the curiosity to positive use of the document is relevant in the context of the present invention, the erasure process issues an error prompt, curiosity soon followed for "safety mode" occurs a new failure is due to the computer system to delete a file and the curiosity to positive use of the document is relevant in the context of the present invention, the erasure process issues an error prompt, curiosity soon followed for "safety mode" .
Dr. Grotzinger said, "This is not going to be a rare or unusual event", is meant only to be "curious"No. of work time dedicated to science has been postponed again if not appear on the mishap, "Curiosity" will restore the original scientific work if not appear on the mishap, "Curiosity" will restore the original scientific work .
For now, solve failure may require the "two Martian day (a Martian day is 24 hours 39 minutes 35 seconds) For now, solve failure may require the "two Martian day (a Martian day is 24 hours 39 minutes 35 seconds) .
Short - Circuit Fault
February 2015, NASA engineers on Earth in the distant remote transmitting command Curiosity to temporarily stay in one spot, while enabling the various instruments to analyze the cause of the problem, according to February 2015, NASA engineers on Earth in the distant remote transmitting command Curiosity to temporarily stay in one spot, while enabling the various instruments to analyze the cause of the problem, according to . NASA engineer, Curiosity failure originate from Feb. 27 when Mars geological sample analysis, the system generates an instantaneous short circuit of the circuit, in the event of a failure of the detector in response to start - up procedure, pause the job work
1 1.
Significance
Curiosity rover on Mars, NASA will expand the field of investigation, and will yield a better understanding of Mars, the rover collected water Curiosity rover on Mars, NASA will expand the field of investigation, and will yield a better understanding of Mars, the rover collected water . of the data, might also help scientists understand whether life exists on Mars, and Mars' past and present habitability question of the data, might also help scientists understand whether life exists on Mars, and Mars' past and present habitability question .
The rovers on Mars will also climatic and geological assessment of humanity's exploration mission The rovers on Mars will also climatic and geological assessment of humanity's exploration mission . according to the Obama administration's space strategy, the U.S. space exploration to Mars - the destination of the new
NASA planned for the mid - 2030s, to take astronauts to orbit Mars NASA planned for the mid - 2030s, to take astronauts to orbit Mars .
