由犬瘟熱病毒(canine distemper virus,CDV)引起的犬瘟熱(CD)一直是對
世界養犬業、毛皮動物養殖業以及野生動物保護事業危害最為嚴重的傳染病之一
,甚至在廣泛套用疫苗防制CD的近年,世界各地仍有犬或野生動物感染CDV並造成
CD流行的報導。現今實驗證明經治癒犬痊癒後以無終身免疫之說，病毒的變異使
得痊癒犬仍可傳染CDV（2），通過對CDV（2）主要抗原基因——血凝基因(H基因
)胺基酸序列分析,CDV（2）可分為6個基因型。研究證實,CDV（2）野毒株在抗原
性上存在較大差異,因此推測H蛋白抗原變異造成了弱毒疫苗免疫效力的降低以及
痊癒犬機體病毒的耐藥進而導致了某些地區CD的爆發。CDV（2）作為一種宿主范
圍廣泛的病毒,其細胞受體——信號淋巴細胞激活因子(SLAM)和硫酸乙醯肝素
(HS)在哺乳動物體內的廣泛存在是CDV跨物種間感染的重要因素。本文就國內外
最新研究進展並結合作者的工作,對上述問題進行了綜述和探討以便及時防治。
【作者單位】：中國農業科學院研究所犬病學研究室 132109（2008）
Genetic variations of haemagglutinin protein gene of canine distemper
virus isolated from breeding fox and raccoon dog
ZENG Xiangwei;LIU Lanlan;HUA Yuping(College of Wildlife
Resources;Northeast Forestry University;Harbin 150040;China)
Haemagglutinin(H)protein genes of six CDV strains isolated from
fox and raccoon dog between 2004 and 2006 were amplified by RT-PCR,and
then were cloned and sequenced.Their sequences were also compared with
those of 34 CDV reference strains in Genbank.The results show that the
ORF of H genes of six strains are all composed of 1 824
nucleotides,encoding a polypeptide of 607 amino acid residues.Deletion
and insertion were not found in the H genes of the six
isolates.Phylogenetic tree based on nucleotide sequences of H genes
from six isolates and 34 reference strains show all these strains are
classified into six majority genetic lineages,designated Asia-1,Asia-
2,America-1,America-2,Europe,Arctic.HL isolate has high homology with
Italy strain 194/97 and Danmark strain Green,and belongs to Arctic
genetic lineage.The other five isolates have high homology with Japan
strains HAMA,UENO,Tanu96 and China strains TN,GP,and belong to Asia-1
genetic lineage,this shows a certain extent geographical
relativity.The six isolates have lower homology with vaccins strains
Onderstepoor and Convac,it shows that virus variation may be one of
important reasons for prevalence of CD in vaccinated animals.
【Keyword】：Canine distemper virus;Genetic variation;Hemagglutinin
protein gene
