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內容簡介
本書是為了適應職業教育的培養目標和教育特點，遵循“以必須、夠用為度”和“強化套用、培養技能”的原則，突出中職教育特色而編寫的。
本書共分7 章，內容包括：構件的靜力分析、桿件的基本變形、機械工程材料、常用機構、機械傳動、支承與連線零部件和液壓傳動系統。每章前面有學習目標，後面有本章小結，並附有大量的練習題供讀者練習。
本書適用於機械、機電類等套用技術類專業的學生使用，也可作為相關行業人員的培訓用書。
圖書目錄
緒論·································································································································· 1
第1 章 構件的靜力分析······························································································· 5
1.1 靜力學基本概念及靜力學公理······································································· 5
1.1.1 力的概念······························································································· 5
1.1.2 剛體的概念··························································································· 6
1.1.3 平衡的概念··························································································· 7
1.1.4 靜力學公理··························································································· 7
1.2 約束與受力圖································································································ 10
1.2.1 幾種常見的約束················································································· 10
1.2.2 受力分析與受力圖············································································· 13
1.3 平面匯交力系································································································ 16
1.3.1 平面匯交力系合成的幾何法······························································ 16
1.3.2 平面匯交力系合成的解析法······························································ 17
1.3.3 平面匯交力系的平衡條件·································································· 19
1.4 力矩和力偶···································································································· 21
1.4.1 力對點之矩························································································· 21
1.4.2 合力矩定理························································································· 21
1.4.3 力偶的概念························································································· 22
1.4.4 力偶矩································································································· 23
1.4.5 力偶的性質························································································· 23
1.4.6 平面力偶系的合成············································································· 24
1.4.7 平面力偶系的平衡············································································· 24
1.5 平面任意力系································································································ 26
1.5.1 力線平移定理····················································································· 26
1.5.2 平面任意力系向一點的簡化······························································ 27
1.5.3 平面任意力系的平衡條件與平衡方程·············································· 30
1.5.4 平面平行力系的平衡········································································· 31
1.5.5 平面任意力系平衡方程的套用·························································· 34
1.5.6 物體系統的平衡················································································· 36
【本章小結】········································································································ 40
【習題】················································································································ 41
第2 章 桿件的基本變形····························································································· 48
2.1 材料力學的基本概念···················································································· 48
2.2 拉伸與壓縮···································································································· 50
2.2.1 軸向拉伸與壓縮基本變形及相關概念·············································· 50
2.2.2 軸向拉伸與壓縮的應力分析······························································ 53
2.2.3 軸向拉伸與壓縮時的強度計算·························································· 56
2.2.4 拉伸與壓縮時的變形········································································· 59
2.2.5 靜載荷作用下材料的力學性能·························································· 62
2.3 剪下和擠壓···································································································· 66
2.3.1 剪下的實用計算················································································· 67
2.3.2 擠壓的實用計算················································································· 68
2.4 圓軸的扭轉···································································································· 70
2.4.1 外力偶的計算····················································································· 71
2.4.2 扭矩與扭矩圖····················································································· 71
2.4.3 圓軸扭轉時的應力分析····································································· 74
2.5 直梁的彎曲···································································································· 77
2.5.1 平面彎曲的基本概念及梁的類型······················································ 77
2.5.2 梁彎曲時的內力和內力圖·································································· 78
2.5.3 梁的彎曲正應力················································································· 83
2.5.4 等截面梁的強度計算········································································· 85
2.5.5 提高彎曲強度的主要措施·································································· 86
【本章小結】········································································································ 88
【習題】················································································································ 89
第3 章 機械工程材料································································································· 94
3.1 金屬材料的力學性能···················································································· 94
3.1.1 強度與塑性························································································· 95
3.1.2 硬度····································································································· 95
3.1.3 衝擊吸收功和衝擊韌度····································································· 96
3.1.4 金屬的疲勞強度················································································· 97
3.2 鋼鐵材料········································································································ 97
3.2.1 碳素鋼································································································· 97
3.2.2 合金鋼································································································· 99
3.2.3 鑄鐵··································································································· 102
3.3 鋼的熱處理·································································································· 103
3.3.1 金屬及合金的晶體結構··································································· 103
3.3.2 鐵碳合金的基礎知識······································································· 106
3.3.3 鋼的熱處理基本原理······································································· 109
3.3.4 鋼的熱處理工藝··············································································· 112
3.3.5 鋼的表面熱處理··············································································· 114
3.4 有色金屬材料······························································································ 115
3.4.1 銅及銅合金······················································································· 115
3.4.2 鋁及鋁合金······················································································· 116
3.5 非金屬材料·································································································· 117
3.5.1 工程塑膠··························································································· 117
3.5.2 橡膠··································································································· 118
3.5.3 陶瓷··································································································· 118
3.5.4 複合材料··························································································· 119
【本章小結】······································································································ 120
【習題】·············································································································· 120
第4 章 常用機構······································································································ 122
4.1 機構和機構運動簡圖·················································································· 122
4.1.1 機構的組成······················································································· 122
4.1.2 機構運動簡圖··················································································· 124
4.2 平面連桿機構······························································································ 124
4.2.1 鉸鏈四桿機構的基本形式································································ 125
4.2.2 平面四桿機構的其他形式································································ 128
4.2.3 平面四桿機構的基本特性································································ 130
4.3 凸 輪 機 構································································································ 135
4.3.1 凸輪機構的分類··············································································· 136
4.3.2 從動件的常用運動規律··································································· 138
4.3.3 盤形凸輪輪廓曲線的設計································································ 141
4.4 間歇運動機構······························································································ 144
4.4.1 棘輪機構··························································································· 144
4.4.2 槽輪機構··························································································· 146
【本章小結】······································································································ 147
【習題】·············································································································· 148
第5 章 機械傳動······································································································ 150
5.1 帶傳動········································································································· 151
5.1.1 帶傳動的主要類型及工作原理························································ 151
5.1.2 摩擦型帶傳動的主要特點和套用···················································· 152
5.1.3 帶傳動的受力分析··········································································· 153
5.1.4 帶傳動的彈性滑動與傳動比···························································· 155
5.1.5 V 帶與V 帶輪·················································································· 156
5.1.6 普通V 帶傳動的設計計算簡介······················································· 160
5.1.7 帶傳動的張緊和維護······································································· 164
5.2 齒輪傳動······································································································ 165
5.2.1 齒輪傳動的類型及特點··································································· 165
5.2.2 漸開線齒廓······················································································· 167
5.2.3 漸開線標準直齒圓柱齒輪的主要參數和幾何尺寸························· 170
5.2.4 漸開線標準直齒圓柱齒輪的嚙合傳動············································ 173
5.2.5 漸開線齒輪的加工方法··································································· 177
5.2.6 平行軸標準斜齒圓柱齒輪傳動························································ 179
5.2.7 直齒圓錐齒輪傳動··········································································· 183
5.2.8 齒輪的材料與齒輪的失效形式························································ 185
5.2.9 齒輪的結構及齒輪傳動的潤滑························································ 188
5.3 蝸桿傳動······································································································ 190
5.3.1 蝸桿傳動的類型和特點··································································· 190
5.3.2 圓柱蝸桿傳動的主要參數和幾何尺寸············································ 191
5.3.3 蝸桿傳動的失效形式和常用材料···················································· 195
5.3.4 蝸輪迴轉方向的判定······································································· 196
5.4 齒輪系········································································································· 196
5.4.1 齒輪系的功用和分類······································································· 196
5.4.2 定軸齒輪系傳動比的計算································································ 198
5.4.3 行星齒輪系傳動比的計算································································ 201
【本章小結】······································································································ 203
【習題】·············································································································· 205
第6 章 支承與連線零部件······················································································· 209
6.1 軸················································································································· 210
6.1.1 軸的分類和軸的材料······································································· 210
6.1.2 軸的失效形式與設計準則································································ 212
6.1.3 軸的結構設計··················································································· 214
6.2 軸承············································································································· 218
6.2.1 滾動軸承的結構、特點和類型························································ 218
6.2.2 滾動軸承的代號及類型選擇···························································· 221
6.2.3 滾動軸承的組合設計······································································· 225
6.3 軸轂連線······································································································ 228
6.3.1 鍵連線的類型··················································································· 229
6.3.2 鍵的選用··························································································· 230
6.3.3 花鍵的類型、特點和套用································································ 232
6.4 螺紋連線······································································································ 232
6.4.1 螺紋的類型、特點和套用································································ 232
6.4.2 螺紋連線的基本類型······································································· 235
6.4.3 標準螺紋連線件··············································································· 236
6.4.4 螺紋的預緊與防松··········································································· 238
6.5 聯軸器和離合器·························································································· 239
6.5.1 聯軸器······························································································· 240
6.5.2 離合器······························································································· 243
【本章小結】······································································································ 245
【習題】·············································································································· 245
第7 章 液壓傳動系統······························································································· 247
7.1 液壓傳動概述······························································································ 247
7.1.1 液壓傳動的工作原理······································································· 247
7.1.2 液壓傳動系統的組成······································································· 248
7.1.3 液壓傳動的特點··············································································· 249
7.1.4 液壓系統的圖形符號······································································· 249
7.2 液壓傳動的基礎知識·················································································· 250
7.2.1 液壓油的特性及選用······································································· 250
7.2.2 液壓傳動的兩個重要參數································································ 250
7.3 液壓元件······································································································ 253
7.3.1 液壓泵······························································································· 253
7.3.2 液壓缸······························································································· 256
7.3.3 液壓控制閥······················································································· 259
7.3.4 液壓輔件··························································································· 267
7.4 液壓基本迴路······························································································ 269
7.4.1 方向控制迴路··················································································· 269
7.4.2 壓力控制迴路··················································································· 270
7.4.3 速度控制迴路··················································································· 271
7.4.4 多缸動作迴路··················································································· 273
7.5 液壓系統實例······························································································ 274
【本章小結】······································································································ 275
【習題】·············································································································· 276
參考文獻······················································································································ 280
