連詞
連詞( conjunction) :用於引導從句以形成句子的一部分或修飾句子的構成要素,連詞是連線單詞,短語,從句或句子的一種虛詞。
從屬連詞
從屬連詞(subordinating conjunction)
從屬連詞這種連詞是用以引導名詞性從句和狀語從句的. 由從屬連詞所引導的句子叫從句,而含有從句的句子叫作複合句。
從屬連詞分類
大致可分為兩大類:
1、名詞性從句里的從屬連詞
that (無詞義,不做成分)
if,whether (表達是否的意義,但不做句子成分)
2、狀從里的從屬連詞,before,after,since,if,because,though等。
用法
在英語詞類中,連線詞可說是最容易掌握的一種。
從結構上說,英語連線詞分兩大類:並列連詞(coordinating conjunctions)和從屬連詞(subordinating conjunctions)。
並列連詞連線兩個或兩個以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。例如:
(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.
(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.
(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.
從屬連詞連線兩個或兩個以上的分句,形成複雜句中的從屬分句。例如:
(4) He said that he did not want to go .
(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.
(6) You may come if you want to.
從屬連詞用來連線各種從句。until(till)直到,在用until表達時間狀語的句子中,主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇的。如動詞是持續性動詞,它要用肯定句,如:I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞,則要用否定句,如:He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.由since,for,by,before, 來引導的時間狀語從句。since 引導的時間狀語是動作的開始時間,如:I have studied English since 1990.而by引導的時間狀語通常是動作的結束時間,如:I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.
舉例說明
上述連詞的用法,看起來不難,但錯誤也難免。下面是些好例子:
(1) This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.
這裡的“as well as”和“both”不能搭配,應該將“as well as ”改為“and”,使“both.......and......”變成關聯連詞( correlative conjunction)
(2) He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.
這裡的“not only”應該移到“speaks”後面,使這個動詞兼顧兩個等立賓語:“Mandarin”和“English”。
(3) Although he is fat, but he is very weak.
英語裡的“although”和“but”是不見面的 ,因此這句里的“ but”要去掉,不然“although”就要去掉。
(4) Jim is not so strong like you.
這裡的“not so”必須和“as”連成一體;介詞“like”是不適宜的。
(5) No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.
"No sooner"必須和"than" 配成關聯連詞,把"than" 省掉是不對的,應該補上:
No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.
這句子的意思也可透過“as soon as”反映出來:
“As soon as we reached our destination, they left.”
(6) I took a taxi and which took me to the station.
這裡的並列連詞“and”是多餘的,必須去掉。如果要保留“and ”也可,但是形容詞分句里的關係代詞“Which”要改成主語“it” ,使整個句子變成並列分句如下:
I took a taxi and it took me to the station.
(7) My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.
這裡的“and”應該用來連線最後兩個謂語才對:
My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.
不然,就要把“said”改成“saying”。
“saying”起主要作用。