概述
被廣泛用於土壤消毒和消滅害蟲，但在蒙特婁條約中屬於逐步禁用藥品。分子式CH3-Br。只含共價鍵。無同分異構體。可使用CH4與Br發生取代反應製得。
基本信息
中文名稱：一溴甲烷
中文別名：甲基溴;溴甲烷
英文名稱：Methyl bromide
英文別名：Metafume; Brom-O-Gas; Brom-O-Gaz; Brom-O-Sol；bromomethane；Celfume; curafume；Dowfume；dowfume mc-2; dowfume mc-33；EDCO; embafume；Halon 1001；haltox; iscobrome；Kayafume；MB; MBX; MeBr; Meth-O-Gas; methogas; monobromomethane; profume; Rotox; terabol; Terr-O-Gas; terr-o-gas 100; Zytox
CAS號：74-83-9
EINECS號：200-813-2
分子式：CH3Br
分子量：94.94
InChI：InChI=1/CH3Br/c1-2/h1H3
物理參數
相對密度1.730(0/4℃)。
熔點-93.66℃。
沸點3.6℃。
自燃點537.22℃。
蒸氣密度3.27。蒸氣與空氣混合物爆炸限13.5～14.5%
折射率 1.4432
溶解性 易溶於乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、苯。液體溴甲烷能與醇、醚、酮等混溶。
產品用途
用作糧食、木材、倉庫殺蟲及菸草等土壤消毒，作製藥中間體、滅火劑。
物質毒性
| 編號 | 毒性類型 | 測試方法 | 測試對象 | 使用劑量 | 毒性作用 |
| 1 | acute | Inhalation | Human - man | 60000 ppm/2H | 1.行為毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting |
| 2 | acute | Inhalation | Human - child | 1 gm/m3/2H | 1.血液毒性Blood - change in clotting factors |
| 3 | acute | Inhalation | Human | 35 ppm | 1.行為毒性Behavioral - anorexia (human) 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting 3.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - corrosive (after topical exposure) |
| 4 | acute | Administration onto the skin | Human | 35 gm/m3/40M-I | 1.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, irritative (after systemic exposure) |
| 5 | acute | Oral | Rodent - rat | 214 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
| 6 | acute | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 302 ppm/8H | 1.行為毒性Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) 2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease |
| 7 | acute | Subcutaneous | Rodent - rat | 135 mg/kg | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
| 8 | acute | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 1540 mg/m3/2H | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
| 9 | acute | Oral | Mammal - dog | 500 mg/kg | 1.心臟毒性Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease |
| 10 | acute | Inhalation | Rodent - rabbit | 28900 mg/m3/30M | 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value |
| 11 | acute | Inhalation | Rodent - guinea pig | 300 ppm/9H | 1.行為毒性Behavioral - muscle weakness 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) 3.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - hair |
| 12 | MutipleDose | Oral | Rodent - rat | 21840 mg/kg/2Y-C | 1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition 2.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - hair 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain |
| 13 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 120 ppm/6H/13W-I | 1.血液毒性Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells 2.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain |
| 14 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 150 ppm/6H/5D-I | 1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases 2.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion) |
| 15 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 160 ppm/6H/6W-I | 1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes 2.嗅覺毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified 3.心臟毒性Cardiac - other changes |
| 16 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 300 ppm/4H/3W-I | 1.行為毒性Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) 2.行為毒性Behavioral - ataxia 3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death |
| 17 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 200 ppm/6H/14D-I | 1.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death |
| 18 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 120 ppm/6H/13W-I | 1.行為毒性Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity 2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain 3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death |
| 19 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 160 ppm/6H/6W-I | 1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 2.內分泌毒性Endocrine - other changes 3.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen |
| 20 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Primate - monkey | 250 mg/m3/8H/26W-I | 1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change 2.行為毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold |
| 21 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - rabbit | 130 mg/m3/8H/26W-I | 1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) 3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death |
| 22 | MutipleDose | Inhalation | Rodent - guinea pig | 850 mg/m3/8H/26W-I | 1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema 3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea |
| 23 | Mutation | Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium | 400 ppm | ||
| 24 | Mutation | Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium | 5 gm/m3 | ||
| 25 | Mutation | Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium | 3 pph | ||
| 26 | Mutation | Bacteria - Klebsiella pneumoniae | 4750 mg/m3 | ||
| 27 | Mutation | Inhalation | Insect - Drosophila melanogaster | 8 mg/L/1H (Continuous) | |
| 28 | Mutation | Inhalation | Insect - Drosophila melanogaster | 150 mg/m3/6H | |
| 29 | Mutation | Human Lymphocyte | 95 mg/L | ||
| 30 | Mutation | Human Lymphocyte | 43000 ppm | ||
| 31 | Mutation | Human Lymphocyte | 5 mg/L | ||
| 32 | Mutation | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 338 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent) | |
| 33 | Mutation | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 100 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent) | |
| 34 | Mutation | Inhalation | Rodent - mouse | 200 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent) | |
| 35 | Mutation | Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte | 300 ug/L | ||
| 36 | Tumorigenic | Oral | Rodent - rat | 3250 mg/kg/13W-I | 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - peritonitis 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors |
| 37 | Tumorigenic | Inhalation | Rodent - rat | 30 ppm/6H/2.5Y-I | 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria 2.嗅覺毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors |
| 38 | Reproductive | Oral | Rodent - rat | 300 mg/kg,female 6-15 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects |
| 39 | Reproductive | Oral | Rodent - rabbit | 130 mg/kg,female 6-18 day(s) after conception | 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects |
