澳大利亞
Telstra泰爾斯瑞公司是澳大利亞的合資股分/私有制電信公司，在市話服務、行動電話服務和國內用戶（包括撥號上網和寬頻有線撥接、衛星和ADSL服務）上保持著統治的領先位置。
股份
儘管盈利能力有所下降，泰爾斯瑞公司仍舊為一個有獲利能力的電信公司。澳大利亞聯邦政府已經宣布將在2006年賣出其持有的餘下的股份。
Telstra Corporation ASX: TLS NZX: TLS NYSE: TLS is an Australian telecommunications company under joint public/private ownership, holding a dominant position in landline telephone services, large share of mobile phone services, domestic consumer (including dial-up access and "broadband" cable modem, satellite and ADSL services under the BigPond and Hypermax brands) and business data services, and cable television. Despite some setbacks, Telstra remains a profitable telecommunications company. The Australian Federal Government has recently announced it expects to sell its remaining share in 2006. A Senate vote passed on the night of September 14, 2005 has allowed this to occur.
History
Telecommunications services were originally controlled by the (government-owned) Postmaster General's Department (PMG). On July 1, 1975, separate commissions were established by statute to replace the PMG. Responsibility for postal services was transferred to the Australian Postal Commission (Australia Post). The Australian Telecommunications Commission (ATC), trading as Telecom Australia, ran domestic telecommunication services.
In 1989 the ATC was reconstituted as the Australian Telecommunications Corporation.
In 1992 the Overseas Telecommunications Commission, a separate government body established in 1946, was merged with the Australian Telecommunications Corporation into the short-lived Australian and Overseas Telecommunications Corporation (AOTC) which continued trading under the established identities of Telecom and OTC.
The AOTC was renamed to Telstra Corporation Limited in 1993. It has since been partially privatised but as of mid-2005 remains majority government-owned. A depressed share price is expected to delay the government selling its remaining 51.8% of the company for some time. Telstra began to establish its new identity and to disengage from its previous trading identities.
Telstra has faced competition since the late 1980s from optus and a host of other smaller providers. It retains ownership of the fixed-line telephone network, as well as one of two competing pay-tv and data cable networks. Other companies offering fixed-line services must therefore deal with Telstra. Competing telecommunication companies have constantly accused Telstra of overcharging for wholesale access to their networks (notably for ADSL, allegedly to protect their cable-modem broadband product); the ACCC has often agreed but decisions by the regulator are very slow.
Privatisation
Telstra was partially privatised by the coalition government in the late 1990s, but it is still 51.8% owned by the government, which would like to divest the remaining portion but this had been blocked until the 14th of September, 2005, both by a hostile Senate, and because of financial and electoral considerations.
Earlier partial floats attracted a great deal of public interest but have, in many cases, been spectacularly poor investments, a majority of which was caused by global sentiment about telecommunications companies first inflating, and then just as quickly deflating the share price. There seems no immediate prospect of the share price climbing back to the level at which the earlier shares were originally sold.
The Australian Labor Party (ALP) has consistently opposed full privatisation and continues to do so. Their official party platform also notes a desire for the wholesale and retail arms of Telstra to be more "clearly distinct" within the company to enable fairer competition with private telecommunications providers who use Telstra's lines. In the past, Labor Party figures (including Lindsay Tanner) floated the idea of a breakup of the company into separate retail and wholesale businesses, though this proposal was dropped after opposition from trade unions. The Australian Greens, the Australian Democrats and key independent Senators Meg Lees and Len Harris held similar positions to the ALP, which meant that until the 2004 elections any bill for full privatisation was guaranteed to fail in the Senate.
Since the Coalition gained control of the Senate, it passed the privatisation legislation with a majority of 37-35. In many rural areas, the availability of mobile phone services and broadband internet services, as well as general service quality, remain topics of contention for many rural customers. Additionally, rural voters feel that a privatised Telstra will neglect its much less profitable rural networks, placing further pressure on the National Party not to support the sale. Ultimately, the National Party supported the sale, drawing criticism from state Farmers Federations, but not the National Farmers Federation.
On 14th September 2005, the Australian senate concluded that the sale of Telstra would be legalised, with mass media dispute over the effects. The decision coincided with Mark Latham's press release stating bitter remarks about Australian politics, overshadowing the sale of Telstra. In the senate, Senator Barnaby Joyce drew criticism for reneging on his campaign promise to oppose the sale of Telstra.
OwnershipAustralian government: 51.8%
Services
Fixed Line Services
Telstra owns and operates all copper line based PSTN services in Australia. The only competing fixed line service is the Optus network which uses HFC to deliver telephony services to a rather limited percentage of the population. Most of Telstra's profit is generated from fixed line services. Telstra recently issued a profit warning to due declined growth in the fixed line market. People seem to be shifting from their fixed line services to mobile carriers.
Telstra outsources a significant portion of network installation and maintenance to private contractors and businesses, such as ABB Communications and STCJV. As such, customers now frequently have to deal with third-parties when arranging the installation of a new phone line or a maintenance service call for a faulty line.
Mobile Telephony (Telstra Mobile)
Telstra operates GSM, CDMA and 3G mobile telephony networks throughout Australia. Telstra also provide prepaid Mobile services, via Telstra Prepaid Plus, utilising all Mobile telephony networks that Telstra operates.
In late 2005, Telstra announced that it will replace all three networks with a new WCDMA network. 【7】
Internet (Telstra BigPond)
Broadband
Telstra, through its retail Internet Service Provider, BigPond, sells broadband internet access via ADSL, HFC cable, satellite, and wireless access through its EV-DO network.
Dial Up
Telstra, through its retail Internet Service Provider, BigPond sell dialup internet access.
Subscription Television
As well as owning 50% of the Australian Subscription Television provider Foxtel, Telstra's Hybrid Fibre Coax (HFC) Cable network is one of the delivery systems used by Foxtel. Telstra also resell Foxtel's "Digital" products in Foxtel's service area and Austar's "Digital" product, in Austar's service area.
Telstra's ownership of Foxtel has in the past come under fire from the Australian Labor Party (ALP)
Sensis are also responsible for all of Telstra's telephony directory assistance, from basic (1223, 12455) to premium (1234) and emergency (000) services.
In September 2005, Sensis proactively made 235 staff redundant in an attempt to forestall a possible directive from Telstra to dismiss a larger number.
Market Position & Power
Telstra's market dominance extends beyond its historical PSTN voice and private data business, into newer markets such as Internet Access, Hosting, and Colocation services. In spite of competition from both foreign and domestic challengers, the former PTT has retained a strong grip on many of the country's most profitable customers.
Optus remains the companies' closest rival for lucrative business networks. However, Telstra supplies almost twice as many customers in the ASX200 with Dedicated Internet Access services.
International expansion
Telstra has attempted to expand into international markets. More notable is a joint venture with Hong Kong entrepreneur Richard Li and his company Pacific Century Cyberworks during the late 1990s telecommunications boom. Their undersea cable venture, Reach, has struggled, with its Book Value downgraded to zero by the company in February 2003 (it continues to operate, though, and the company believes that it may still be viable in the longer term).
In 2002, Telstra also acquired PCCW's remaining 40% stake in Regional Wireless Company (RWC), giving it total ownership of CSL, then the most prominent of Hong Kong's six mobile operators.
Telstra also fully owns New Zealand subsidiary TelstraClear. The company was formed in 2001 from the merger of subsidiary TelstraSaturn (a 50/50 joint-venture with Austar which had previously acquired ISPs paradise.net and NetLink) and the telco Clear Communications purchased from BT Group plc. TelstraClear also operates a Cable TV brand Saturn.
Sponsorship
For marketing reasons, two national sporting arenas bear the name Telstra. They are the Telstra Dome in Melbourne and Telstra Stadium in Sydney.
1公司簡介
澳大利亞電訊業務橫跨有線通信、ADSL、HFC、衛星、CDMA和GSM數字行動網路等，是澳大利亞領先的ISP。它的市場資本在世界電信業排名第11，是澳大利亞、紐西蘭和紐約股市的上市公司。澳訊公司名列《財富》雜誌世界500強企業，是世界第13大電信公司，也是亞太地區最有實力的電信運營商之一。2004年，公司創下40億澳元淨利潤的新紀錄。他最初是作為一個政府部門和澳大利亞郵政共同創立的。1997年7月1日，澳大利亞政府對澳大利亞電訊分拆，郵政部分為澳大利亞郵政委員會，另一部分成立澳大利亞電信委員會（ATC），簡稱澳大利亞電信。
1997年，澳政府全面開放電訊市場，將澳訊公司33.3%的股權以股票形式在澳、新證券交易所上市出售，所獲得的收入被用於實施“全國聯網計畫”，由此稱為“T1計畫”。1999年，澳政府再次將澳訊16.6%的股權售出，僅保持公司50.1%的絕對控股地位。澳政府將所獲得的收入用於環保和電訊發展項目，此為“T2計畫”。如今，澳政府考慮全部出售澳訊的作法被稱為“T3計畫”。根據該計畫，澳聯邦將在2006年將其持有的50.1%的股份全部出售，完成澳訊公司的私有化。
澳訊公司一貫非常重視與中國的合作。早在1988年，公司就與中國空間技術研究院簽訂空間技術的商業協定。1995年，公司在北京設立代表辦事處。公司北京辦事處一直與北京奧組委保持密切合作，在2003年被指定為北京奧組委電信顧問。公司高層對與北京奧運的合作充滿信心。
Telstra是澳大利亞最大的電訊公司。澳大利亞聯邦擁有的唯一的國有企業。1997年10月澳政府開始通過向機構投資者和個人投資者出售49.9%的股權，對該公司實行部分私有化，政府仍持有50.1%的股份。
澳大利亞電訊是世界上盈利情況最好的電信公司之一，是澳大利亞領先的全業務電訊運營商，業務橫跨有線通信、ADSL、HFC、衛星、CDMA和GSM數字行動網路等，並且是澳大利亞領先的ISP。它的市場資本在世界電信業排名第11，在世界最大公司排名榜上，名列第49位。是澳大利亞、紐西蘭和紐約股市的上市公司。
與中國的合作關係
更新至2008年12月11日，澳大利亞電訊公司是搜房網的大股東。澳大利亞電訊的執行長楚曦佑認為，搜房網成功實現了其擴張計畫，百城戰略的實施反映了中國經濟的強勁表現和網際網路市場的持續增長。目前搜房每月有超過8000萬線上訪客，月均頁面瀏覽達14億，是全球訪問量最高的房地產網站。
2011年的銷售利潤達到250.304億澳元。淨利潤達到30.231億澳元，公司總資產達到370.913億澳元而淨資產達到120.074億澳元。2012年財富世界500強排行榜排名第438位。[1]
2發展歷程
澳大利亞電信，是澳大利亞最主要的遠程通信公司，是澳大利亞最大的公司之一，公司的品牌在國內眾所周知。公司提供廣範圍的通信和信息服務。
公司的發展起源於1901年，1946年海外電信委員會成立，管理澳大利亞的國際通信。
1975年6月。隨著PMG的破產，創建了澳大利亞通信委員會。1992年OTC與澳大利亞電信合併，成為澳大利亞和海外有限通訊公司。
1997年11月17日，在澳大利亞，紐約和新澤蘭股票交易所，公司利潤占該國的三分之一。
3發展狀況
澳大利亞電信是澳大利亞最大的通信和信息服務公司，是全國最大的移動通信運營商和internet業務提供者。它除能為全澳大利亞提供種類繁多的電信業務外，還擁有全國範圍內最大的電話網。它的GSM網覆蓋了全國94%的區域和人口，可與65個國家進行漫遊，基於CDMA技術的第二數據網業務也已經開通。目前，澳大利亞電信的internet用戶已超過40萬，為促進增值業務的發展，它還成立了專門的部門，負責發展數據、internet和電子商務等業務。澳大利亞電信對網路現代化和更新有深刻的認識，因為他們知道，這不僅有利於改善傳統電信服務，而且還會促進移動業務、internet及數據業務的發展，幫助開拓這些業務的市場。下面從4個方面分析一下澳大利亞電信的經營和發展。
增長率角度分析
在過去的三年中，TELSTRA的發展從總體上呈上升趨勢。從業務量方面看：業務量普遍呈現增長趨勢，其中移動業務量的增長幅度最大；其次是國內長途業務，本地電話業務量增長表現為下降趨勢。從用戶的發展方面看：移動用戶和ISDN用戶增長幅度分列第一和第二，其中移動用戶增長中，數字用戶增長達到了50%以上。電話接入和公用電話出現下降態勢，電話接入無論是居民用戶，還是商業用戶，其增長率都表現為下降趨勢，公用電話還出現了負增長。從收入增長的方面看：總經營收入是增長的，但增幅有所減小，移動、數據和internet業務收入增長最快，而本地、國內和國際長途收入增長平平，有些還出現了負增長，產生這一結果的原因有很多，但資費水平和需求的影響可能是主要因素。
結構角度分析
從用戶結構和網路結構看：電話接入中居民和商業用戶接入的比例變化幅度不大，居民用戶比例占絕對優勢在70%左右，而商業用戶的比例在30%上下。移動用戶中，模擬用戶的比例大幅度下降，而數字用戶的比例明顯增加。1997年，模擬用戶還占61%左右的市場，而到1999年數字用戶已達到80%以上，替代速度相當快。網路交換的數位化方面，不管是城市和非城市地區，1999年都達到了100%的數位化。從電信業務收入結構看：電話接入收入和國內長途收入所占比例變動不大，分別保持在10%和15%；本地電話收入是逐年減少的，而減少的幅度不大；國際長途收入所占比例從1997－1999年下降；移動業務和其它業務收入所占比例都在上升。總體講，結構比例沒有劇烈的變化。
從電信投資方面看：在給出的6個投資方向中，只有寬頻投資的比重是不斷增加的，其它五個方面的投資都表現為不規律的變化，說明在1997－1999年的三年間，投資的側重點在年與年之間是變化的。
資費的平均角度分析
根據各項業務的業務量和收入，可以估算出不同業務的平均話費水平。本地電話、國內長途及國際長途業務的平均資費都是下降的，其中國際長途的資費在1999年下降的比較大，達到了29%。移動通信平均資費則呈現逐年上升趨勢。本地和國內長途平均資費分別只有0.24-0.25澳元/次和0.23-0.24澳元/分。國際資費水平的下降，對收入的增長會產生相應的影響，這可部分解釋1998-1999年國際業務收入負增長的原因。
生產率水平角度分析
通常，衡量勞動生產率指標是雇員服務的主線數，資本生產率的衡量指標是每雇員的收入水平。根據這一概念，可獲得的若干統計數據中發現，勞動生產率指標從1997-1999年都是不斷改善的，資本生產率變化卻沒有這種規律。電話接入、國內長途和移動業務的資本生產率是增長的，而國際長途和本地電話業務的資本生產率在這三年中是下降的。
4普遍服務原則
澳大利亞電信法規定，電信普遍服務的實施和管理必須遵循以下原則：
(1)在澳大利亞的全體人民，不論其居住地或職業，都應能夠在公平基礎上隨時獲得標準電話服務、公用電話服務和規定的傳輸服務；
(2)應儘可能經濟有效地履行普遍服務義務；
(3)由於履行普遍服務義務所造成的虧損，應由各通信公司在公平基礎上分攤；
（4)在不會由於泄露商業機密造成通信公司利益受損的前提下，用於確定相關通信公司虧損額和應負擔份額的基本材料及確定方法應盡最大可能開放供通信公司和公眾查閱。
內容
澳大利亞運輸與通信經濟署(BTCE)依據上述原則，提出了界定某項業務是否應納入普遍服務範圍應遵循的系統決策程式。
在此基礎上，澳大利亞通信管制局(ACA)認為，澳大利亞目前電信普遍服務的主要內容，即所有在澳大利亞的人，不論其在何處居住或工作，都應能夠在平等基礎上享受如下服務：
標準電話服務：包括向用戶提供管制部門規定的設備和服務，如必要，提供手持電話機；向殘疾人提供相應的用戶設備和服務；提供中繼轉接業務等。
公用電話服務：這裡的公用電話指固定電話，它包括兩層含義，一是標準電話業務提供的一種方法，主要指有人值守的公用電話；二是指投幣電話、卡式電話、或需要輸入特定號碼等無人值守的公用電話。規定的傳輸業務：1998年9月30日之前，部長必須審查確定是否可以將通過數據信道的64kbit/s數字數據傳輸業務作為普遍服務業務，並複審提供此類傳輸業務的成本是否高於收益。如果可行，1998年12月31日後，即將此項業務納入普通服務範疇。這裡把64kbit/s數字數據傳輸業務作為ISDN基本速率業務的一部分。此外，澳大利亞還特別對Telstra公司規定了提供ISDN業務的義務：到1997年7月1日，Telstra公司至少要使93．4%的澳大利亞享受此業務；到1998年12月31日，Telstra公司至少要使96%的澳大利亞人享受此業務。
5收購.
澳大利亞電訊分別獲得泡泡網、汽車之家、IT168、CHE168，四家中國垂直網站各自55%的股份。其中這4家網站將保留各自的獨立品牌，並兩兩合併成為同一個事業部。
