Introduction
electronic passport is embedded in the conventional passport electronic chip and chip holder is stored in the basic information and the biometric information of the new travel document electronic passport is embedded in the conventional passport electronic chip and chip holder is stored in the basic information and the biometric information of the new travel document . e - passport adopted some advanced anti - counterfeiting technology through the digital chip in the protection of data, and can effectively prevent forged passport and the passport of another as one's behavior, which would have ensured the purpose (s) of the vital interests of the others of the wrongful act will not be compromised for the sake of e - passport adopted some advanced anti - counterfeiting technology through the digital chip in the protection of data, and can effectively prevent forged passport and the passport of another as one's behavior, which would have ensured the purpose (s) of the vital interests of the others of the wrongful act will not be compromised for the sake of .
due to electronic passports is difficult to forge the nation for their trust so much in the issuing of visas and border checkpoints in the check, for holding and using electronic passports have been given more convenient due to electronic passports is difficult to forge the nation for their trust so much in the issuing of visas and border checkpoints in the check, for holding and using electronic passports have been given more convenient .
Historical Background
To expedite clearance speed, reduce the passengers at the port to accept inspection of the waiting time, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1968 and has established a special card (passport) of the Group of Experts, efforts are focused on the dissemination of harmonized international passports and travel documents of To expedite clearance speed, reduce the passengers at the port to accept inspection of the waiting time, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1968 and has established a special card (passport) of the Group of Experts, efforts are focused on the dissemination of harmonized international passports and travel documents of . in 1980, the Expert Group formulated the first edition of the relevant passport production and inspection of the specification and guidance documents in 1980, the Expert Group formulated the first edition of the relevant passport production and inspection of the specification and guidance documents .
been revised several times and perfect, which is developed by ISAR passport production and inspection standards has become a passport issuing authority and the port authority which generally follow international standards been revised several times and perfect, which is developed by ISAR passport production and inspection standards has become a passport issuing authority and the port authority which generally follow international standards . Malaysia back in March, the latest offering of a biometric passport,once held the title of world's first electronic passports issued by countries Malaysia back in March, the latest offering of a biometric passport,once held the title of world's first electronic passports issued by countries .
was, however, at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) at yet - to - standard electronic passports, until February 2010, the Malaysian Immigration Department began in parts of the country to issue standards - compliant electronic passport was, however, at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) at yet - to - standard electronic passports, until February 2010, the Malaysian Immigration Department began in parts of the country to issue standards - compliant electronic passport . "After 9 / 11, as a response to the international anti - terrorism situation, governments have enabled electronic passport "After 9 / 11, as a response to the international anti - terrorism situation, governments have enabled electronic passport .
2004, embedded chip of the first - generation e - passport, Dominican Republic, Pakistan and Belgium that year launched the electronic passport 2004, embedded chip of the first - generation e - passport, Dominican Republic, Pakistan and Belgium that year launched the electronic passport . in February 2007, the Government started issuing electronic passports,China's first electronic passports in February 2007, the Government started issuing electronic passports,China's first electronic passports .
was born in November 2007, Germany) in 2005 with the successful implementation of the first - generation e - passports after the EU launched the anti - counterfeiting and better safety performance of second - generation ePassports, to become the world's first second - generation ePassports Live was born in November 2007, Germany) in 2005 with the successful implementation of the first - generation e - passports after the EU launched the anti - counterfeiting and better safety performance of second - generation ePassports, to become the world's first second - generation ePassports Live . the country in 2008, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on the biological identification information in a machine - readable travel documents in the storage kinds, storage form, data logical structure, infrastructure etc for a clear definition of the the country in 2008, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on the biological identification information in a machine - readable travel documents in the storage kinds, storage form, data logical structure, infrastructure etc for a clear definition of the .
in December 2008, Taiwan also launched an electronic travel document symbol in December 2008, Taiwan also launched an electronic travel document symbol . in September 2009,MSAR to start issuing the HKSAR Electronic Passport in September 2009,MSAR to start issuing the HKSAR Electronic Passport .
As of July 2011, more than 90 countries and regions had resumed in the e - passport As of July 2011, more than 90 countries and regions had resumed in the e - passport . 1 May 15, 2012, the Chinese public security authority across the country will adopt the issued ordinary electronic passport 1 May 15, 2012, the Chinese public security authority across the country will adopt the issued ordinary electronic passport .
Functional Characteristics
1, electronic passports in the issuance and management mode and prior to the traditional passport system differs in that the electronic passport is embedded inside a smart chip, the chip is recorded in the passport holder's personal information, which includes biological information 1, electronic passports in the issuance and management mode and prior to the traditional passport system differs in that the electronic passport is embedded inside a smart chip, the chip is recorded in the passport holder's personal information, which includes biological information . biological information of the effects of, for example, a fingerprint and the envy of film etc is hard to imitate or modify, the tremendous increase in the biological information of the effects of, for example, a fingerprint and the envy of film etc is hard to imitate or modify, the tremendous increase in the .
2, electronic passport safety coefficient is high, the possibility of forgery 2, electronic passport safety coefficient is high, the possibility of forgery . in making electronic passport, the relevant information is encrypted is stored to the chip, it is difficult to have tampered with the security of data, such that the "illegal conspiracy" and are unable to find the opportunity in making electronic passport, the relevant information is encrypted is stored to the chip, it is difficult to have tampered with the security of data, such that the "illegal conspiracy" and are unable to find the opportunity .
3,The electronic chip has a relatively high information storage 3,The electronic chip has a relatively high information storage . passport holders through digital analysis of photographs, "which features" the data stored in the chip holder passport holders through digital analysis of photographs, "which features" the data stored in the chip holder .
when the time of exit, which will again be the holder of the photographic field, and is stored in the data comparison, so as to reduce the discrimination about the authenticity of the passport to the unaided eye of dependent when the time of exit, which will again be the holder of the photographic field, and is stored in the data comparison, so as to reduce the discrimination about the authenticity of the passport to the unaided eye of dependent . 2 2.
Chip Content
1, with the passport data page to display the same data; (2), the format of the passport holder's photograph; 3, a unique chip identification number; 4, detection data changes and verify a digital signature of the issuing authority; 5, passports issued by countries added additional data 1, with the passport data page to display the same data; (2), the format of the passport holder's photograph; 3, a unique chip identification number; 4, detection data changes and verify a digital signature of the issuing authority; 5, passports issued by countries added additional data .
Applying For And Issuing
Applying For And Issuing
1, The application procedure shall apply for making ordinary electronic passport of the same conditions with the ordinary passport, citizenship is filling in the ordinary Chinese citizen passport application form ", no longer require applicants to fill in biographical and political affiliation, etc., which are to be filled in time with respect to the shortening of the In addition many of the People" s Republic of China for the People's Republic of China provides emergency contact column to be filled in, two relatives of Contact, to facilitate emergency contact loved ones In addition many of the People" s Republic of China for the People's Republic of China provides emergency contact column to be filled in, two relatives of Contact, to facilitate emergency contact loved ones .
in applying for establishment of a common electronic passport program adds fingerprint information were collected from the applicant,The applicant in the application of the signature will also print electronic scanning to the ordinary passport data page in applying for establishment of a common electronic passport program adds fingerprint information were collected from the applicant,The applicant in the application of the signature will also print electronic scanning to the ordinary passport data page . fingerprint acquisition program is generally used both hands thumb from a thumb, according to the first - hand, rear left - hand turns, if damaged, missing, a finger having the priority order of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger if fingerprint acquisition program is generally used both hands thumb from a thumb, according to the first - hand, rear left - hand turns, if damaged, missing, a finger having the priority order of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger if .
because of an injury or for travelling to work is not clear, while the other finger in place of because of an injury or for travelling to work is not clear, while the other finger in place of . hand disability because of special reasons, unable to enter a public security organ will, without affecting the public's claim it hand disability because of special reasons, unable to enter a public security organ will, without affecting the public's claim it .
For those who are over 46 shall apply to the ordinary electronic passport,entrance and exit of the applicant authority shall be collected from the field of fingerprint information For those who are over 46 shall apply to the ordinary electronic passport,entrance and exit of the applicant authority shall be collected from the field of fingerprint information . has not reached the age of the citizens to apply to ordinary electronic passport, the consent of the guardian to provide fingerprint information of the applicant, the entrance and exit management can form the spot has not reached the age of the citizens to apply to ordinary electronic passport, the consent of the guardian to provide fingerprint information of the applicant, the entrance and exit management can form the spot .
applicant fingerprints due to missing, damaged, unable to restrain the fingerprint, the fingerprint information may not be acquired after acquisition of applicant fingerprints due to missing, damaged, unable to restrain the fingerprint, the fingerprint information may not be acquired after acquisition of . fingerprint program is the signature, signing, citizens should be on the spot in "the ordinary Chinese citizen passport application form" on the signature,so that the entrance and exit of the governing body of the applicant's signature information to electronic scanning ordinary passport information page fingerprint program is the signature, signing, citizens should be on the spot in "the ordinary Chinese citizen passport application form" on the signature,so that the entrance and exit of the governing body of the applicant's signature information to electronic scanning ordinary passport information page .
preschool children which do not carry the signature of the applicant may not sign preschool children which do not carry the signature of the applicant may not sign . is also a signature, the signature shall be in horizontal writing, and must sign in the form of the rectangular box of specified and shall be completed or inclined, the distance between each of the word does not exceed half of the word is also a signature, the signature shall be in horizontal writing, and must sign in the form of the rectangular box of specified and shall be completed or inclined, the distance between each of the word does not exceed half of the word .
. Only in this way, the police can quickly scan the signature information is successful the applicant 2, time limits and charging standards for electronic passport fees charged by a constant, processing time, for a period of 15 working days 2, time limits and charging standards for electronic passport fees charged by a constant, processing time, for a period of 15 working days .
starts accepting electronic passport application, the group had already been holding valid common passports,may continue to use a passport, passport visa page soon after use, a passport valid for 6 months, may apply for the renewal of the electronic passport starts accepting electronic passport application, the group had already been holding valid common passports,may continue to use a passport, passport visa page soon after use, a passport valid for 6 months, may apply for the renewal of the electronic passport . handled price is still $200 handled price is still $200 .
3 3, which can be used for ordinary electronic passports are valid for: passport holders under the age of 16 to 5 years above the age of 16 in 10 years 3 3, which can be used for ordinary electronic passports are valid for: passport holders under the age of 16 to 5 years above the age of 16 in 10 years .
Issuing Standard
electronic passport of the label is generated by the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), each of the electronic passport of the country must strictly observe electronic passport of the label is generated by the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), each of the electronic passport of the country must strictly observe .
States EPassport
China
July 1, 2011, China started issuing electronic passports is on a business trip, May 15, 2012 the President of the People's Republic of China on the unified issuing electronic passports enable ordinary July 1, 2011, China started issuing electronic passports is on a business trip, May 15, 2012 the President of the People's Republic of China on the unified issuing electronic passports enable ordinary . 1, which was the subject of the diplomatic passport electronic pattern is the Great Wall, so that the electronic passport more diplomacy with strong Chinese characteristics Great Wall 1, which was the subject of the diplomatic passport electronic pattern is the Great Wall, so that the electronic passport more diplomacy with strong Chinese characteristics Great Wall .
pattern selected from Shanhaiguan in the east to a representative of Great Wall sections of the main body portion, both end to end, but strength of the main body of the Great Wall, the global picture of natural harmony, open, into which each of the different patterns, are well - known international fashion; entire diplomatic passports within a page in the fluorescent - also emerged from the Great Wall stretches throughout the pre - pattern,passport paper also adopts the Great Wall of the watermark pattern, theme - oriented, and capable of enhancing the performance of pattern selected from Shanhaiguan in the east to a representative of Great Wall sections of the main body portion, both end to end, but strength of the main body of the Great Wall, the global picture of natural harmony, open, into which each of the different patterns, are well - known international fashion; entire diplomatic passports within a page in the fluorescent - also emerged from the Great Wall stretches throughout the pre - pattern,passport paper also adopts the Great Wall of the watermark pattern, theme - oriented, and capable of enhancing the performance of . pattern design in the form of a simple and modern, when tempered with several layers of clothing, color - and - yellow train mainly uses warm colors, with red - brown color pattern design in the form of a simple and modern, when tempered with several layers of clothing, color - and - yellow train mainly uses warm colors, with red - brown color .
2, official and official ordinary electronic passports are selected to be included in the "World Natural Heritage List" of the Chinese People's Republic of China for the world cultural heritage as a theme, to show China's rich natural and cultural heritage with a long, carry forward traditional Chinese history and culture, but displays the ideology on the 2, official and official ordinary electronic passports are selected to be included in the "World Natural Heritage List" of the Chinese People's Republic of China for the world cultural heritage as a theme, to show China's rich natural and cultural heritage with a long, carry forward traditional Chinese history and culture, but displays the ideology on the . page within the pattern selected from the group consisting of a provincial administrative district (arrangement) of the world natural and cultural heritage,Design on double - page in the form of a continuous web, exhibit a succession of bewitchingly beautiful scenes of spectacular screen page within the pattern selected from the group consisting of a provincial administrative district (arrangement) of the world natural and cultural heritage,Design on double - page in the form of a continuous web, exhibit a succession of bewitchingly beautiful scenes of spectacular screen .
page with unique Chinese culture symbol "Chinese knot" as a background watermark pattern, under fluorescent lights, each page may present a different morphology of chinese knot pattern, with passports and a watermark pattern, implying a harmonious, safe and prosperous page with unique Chinese culture symbol "Chinese knot" as a background watermark pattern, under fluorescent lights, each page may present a different morphology of chinese knot pattern, with passports and a watermark pattern, implying a harmonious, safe and prosperous . mainly bluish color of a neutral hue in the yellow color, is even more evident in the ancient, massive, 5 mainly bluish color of a neutral hue in the yellow color, is even more evident in the ancient, massive, 5 .
3, ordinary electronic passports of ordinary electronic passport is embedded in this type of ordinary passport electronic chip and chip holder is stored in the personal basic information and a facial portrait,fingerprint information of the new book type certificate 3, ordinary electronic passports of ordinary electronic passport is embedded in this type of ordinary passport electronic chip and chip holder is stored in the personal basic information and a facial portrait,fingerprint information of the new book type certificate . ordinary electronic passport uses a high - security smart card chip, ensure that the digital anti - counterfeit performance, and abnormal colour, lustre inks, laser perforation, etc.), high - resolution holographic anti - counterfeiting technology, enhancing physical security
6 6.
Germany
German government - issued electronic passports by the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Institute made German government - issued electronic passports by the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Institute made . this electronic passport (s) is / are stored in addition to the head of the passport holders for a period of two - dimensional digital photos, and a special chip, encryption may be stored in the face of the holder of the passport, retina, fingerprints and other biometric information when the this electronic passport (s) is / are stored in addition to the head of the passport holders for a period of two - dimensional digital photos, and a special chip, encryption may be stored in the face of the holder of the passport, retina, fingerprints and other biometric information when the .
border passport - holders, they are asked to photograph a special camera to record the biometric information at the same time border passport - holders, they are asked to photograph a special camera to record the biometric information at the same time ., passport inside the chip information will be transmitted wirelessly to the inspectors of the , passport inside the chip information will be transmitted wirelessly to the inspectors of the .
on the computer. The above two kinds of information are compared,can verify whether the passport - holders, on his own this electronic passport can not only make the airport and border of entry - exit inspection and measurement speed, can identify theft and forgery of passports this electronic passport can not only make the airport and border of entry - exit inspection and measurement speed, can identify theft and forgery of passports .
US
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S. government vowed to strictly do a good job of Exit - Entry Administration Department of State 4 tech companies to draw up proposals for implementing electronic passports, they are respectively president of the company, a French company, the Israeli company and the U.S. company BearingPoint
would act to select one of the clubs, and at the end of 2010 to start issuing e - passports would act to select one of the clubs, and at the end of 2010 to start issuing e - passports . 7 7.
Further Reading
the earliest issuing e - passports that Malaysia back in March, the latest offering of a biometric passport, was being acclaimed as the world's first electronic passports issued by countries that the earliest issuing e - passports that Malaysia back in March, the latest offering of a biometric passport, was being acclaimed as the world's first electronic passports issued by countries that . was, however, at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) at yet - to - standard electronic passports, until February 2010, the Malaysian Immigration Department began in the early issuance of the ICAO standard electronic passport was, however, at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) at yet - to - standard electronic passports, until February 2010, the Malaysian Immigration Department began in the early issuance of the ICAO standard electronic passport .
to have one of the earliest Chinese electronic passport based on of the special situation of China, the central government in accordance with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (MSAR Basic Law, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government, as well as authorization is a Chinese national shall have Chinese nationality of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) passports are issued to permanent residents of HKSAR to have one of the earliest Chinese electronic passport based on of the special situation of China, the central government in accordance with the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (MSAR Basic Law, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government, as well as authorization is a Chinese national shall have Chinese nationality of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) passports are issued to permanent residents of HKSAR . in February 2007,HKSAR starts to issue the electronic passport, electronic passport first chinese in February 2007,HKSAR starts to issue the electronic passport, electronic passport first chinese .
thus born in September 2009, Francis began rolling its ePassport thus born in September 2009, Francis began rolling its ePassport . in December 2008, Taiwan also launched an electronic travel document symbol on the most delicate in December 2008, Taiwan also launched an electronic travel document symbol on the most delicate .
e - passports that Germany is not only the electronic passport technology on leading the international tidal current, but also very careful and finishing on the passport, used "hard power" e - passports that Germany is not only the electronic passport technology on leading the international tidal current, but also very careful and finishing on the passport, used "hard power" . because of the case binding process, the German passport is slightly greater in size than passports from other countries, of course, will not build up to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the specification as if it were a national passport because of the case binding process, the German passport is slightly greater in size than passports from other countries, of course, will not build up to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the specification as if it were a national passport .
card,Each country can look forward to having the features of the passport in the passport card,Each country can look forward to having the features of the passport in the passport . designed in different styles, but generally will be integrated into the country, the nation's classical elements, many countries have a wide selection of distinctive national scenic pictures its passport design designed in different styles, but generally will be integrated into the country, the nation's classical elements, many countries have a wide selection of distinctive national scenic pictures its passport design .
opened a U.S. passport, sees a Stars and Stripes on the background of America's lawyer Francis Key wrote the national anthem, "The Star - Spangled Banner" on the scene, above which there is a lyric, alongside with President Lincoln "of the people, by the" for the next page, the designer in a comic show the form of the country's natural,Humanities and history of different screen for the next page, the designer in a comic show the form of the country's natural,Humanities and history of different screen .
