非限定性動詞

在句子中可以施展其他功能的動詞是非限定動詞;這些動詞具有一般動詞的許多特性,但沒有“人稱”和“數目”的限制。 非限定動詞分三種: 不定式,分詞( the participle); 動名詞(the gerund); 分詞又分現在分詞( the present participle)和過去分詞(the past participle)。

基本信息

英語動詞有限定(finite)和非限定(non-finite)兩類。

句子中的謂語動詞(predicative verb)是限定的;限定動詞受人稱(person)和數目(number)的限制。此外,還有時態(tense )、語態(voice)和情態(mood)等。例如:

① Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly.

② Jason is giving a public lecture.

③ Who did it?

④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.

⑥ Helen has a smiling face.

⑦ Your written English is good.

⑧ Smoking is harmful to health.

⑥里的是現在分詞;⑦里的是過去分詞; ⑧里的是動名詞。

非限定動詞及其短語,語法功能龐大,涉及下列五方面:

一 當主語

動名詞可當句子的主語,取代名詞和代名詞。例如:

⑨ Swimming makes us hale and hearty.

二 當補足語

可當主語的句子成分也可當補足語。例如:

● A good government's desire is serving the people.

● What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely.

同樣的,現在分詞與過去分詞也可充當接系動詞(the linking verb)的補足語。例如:

● The witness's evidence is quite convincing.

● At long last, John was fully convinced.

三 當賓語

動名詞可充當及物動詞的賓語。例如:

● Janet suddenly stopped talking.

它們也可以成為介詞的賓語,但除了“except, but, about, than”之外,介詞的賓語多數是動名詞。

例如:

●I am tired of repeating the same point.

四 當名詞修飾語

●Don't disturb the sleeping dog.(現在分詞)

●The sailors came in a fishing boat.(動名詞)

五 當動詞修飾語

●Walking along the road, he came across a friend.(現在分詞短語)

●Extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.(過去分詞短語)

●Peter came running.(動名詞)

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