元音字母重讀開音節和閉音節中的讀音
a
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①在開音節中/eɪ/n ame,pl ane,J ane,b aby,c ake
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②在閉音節中/æ/b ag,d ad,h at,m ap,bl ack,b ack
e
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①在開音節中/i:/h e,th ese,m e,Chin ese
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②在閉音節中/e/b ed,l et,p en,d esk,y es, egg
i
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①在開音節中/aɪ/b ike,dr ive,t ime,n ice,k ite
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②在閉音節中/ɪ/f ish,b ig,dr ink,s it,m ilk,sw im
o
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①在開音節中/əʊ/th ose,cl ose,g o,h oe,h ome,n o
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②在閉音節中/ɒ/cl ock,n ot,b ox,sh op,s ock
u
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①在開音節中
1./ju:/st udent,exc use,d uty,T uesday
2.元音字母u在輔音字母j,l,r,s後面時讀/u:/音,例如:J une,bl ue,r uler,s uper。 -
②在閉音節中/ʌ/b us,c up,j ump,m uch,l unch
元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音
a
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①在/w/音後面/ɒ/w ant,wh at,w atch,w ash,qu ality
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②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/ after,pl ant, ask,gr asp,gl ass,f ast,f ather
i
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在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/f ind,ch ild,l ight,h igh
o
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①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/m ost,p ostcard, old,c old
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②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/c ome,m onkey,l ove,m other
元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音
a
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/ə/Chin a, another,wom an,breakf ast
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動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,作動詞後綴音,a讀/eɪ/音,例如:oper ate,a處在開音節位置,
e
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/ə/hundr ed,stud ent,op en,week end,chick en,childr en
i
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①/ɪ/hol iday,beaut iful,fam ily,an imal
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②/aɪ/exerc ise,satell ite
o
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①/ə/sec ond,t onight,someb ody,welc ome
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②/əʊ/als o,zer o,phot o
u
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①/ə/aut umn,diffic ult
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②/ju:/pop ular,congrat ulation,Jan uary
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③在輔音字母j,l,r,s後面時,讀/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:J uly,infl uence,Febr uary,iss ue。
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在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的元音字母a,e,i既可以讀/ə/的音,也可以讀/ɪ/的音。
-r音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
ar
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①/α:/c ar,f arm,d a rk,sh arpener
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②在/w/音後面/ɔ:/w arm,qu arter,tow ards
or
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①/ɔ:/f orty m orning sh ort
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②/ɜ:/w ord w orker w orse
er,ir,ur
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/ɜ:/c ertainly b ird Th ursday
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注:①輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀/ə/音,例如:doll ar,teach er,mart yr,f orget,Sat urday。
-re音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
are
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/eə/c are,d are,h are
ere
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/ɪə/h ere,m ere
ire
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/aɪə/f ire,h ire,w ire
ore
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/ɔ:/m ore,sc ore,bef ore
ure
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/jʊə/p ure,c ure
-re
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/ə/cent re,fib re,tit re,meag re,saltpet re
注
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①are,ere,ire,ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀/ə/音,例如:pict ure,pleas ure。
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②重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母r讀/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
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③另外,某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如: orange,v ery,Am erican,p aragraph。
元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
ai,ay
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/eɪ/afr aid,r ain,w ait,d ay,pl ay
air
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/eə/ air,h air,ch air,p air,rep air
al
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①在l,k前/ɔ:/sm all,b all,t alk,w all, all,t alk,
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②/ɔ:l/ always, also,s alt, almost
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③在f,m前/α:/h alf,c alm
au,aw
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/ɔ:/ autumn,d aughter,dr aw
ea
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①/i:/t each, easy,ch eap,pl ease
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②/e/h eavy,br ead,sw eater,w eather
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③/eɪ/br eak,gr eat
ear
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①/ɪə/h ear,d ear,n ear,cl ear,y ear
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②/eə/b ear,p ear,w ear,sw ear
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③/ɜ:/ earth,l earn, early
ee
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/i:/j eep,w eek,gr een,thr ee
eer
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/ɪə/pion eer,d eer,b eer
ei,ey
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①/eɪ/ eight,n eighbour,th ey
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②/i:/s eize,k ey
eu,ew
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①在j,l,r,s後/u:/ fl ew,br ew,j ewelry,jewel
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②/ju:/ n ew,f ew,n ewspaper
ie,ei
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/s/音之後/i:/p iece,f ield,rec eive
oa
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/əʊ/c oat,J oan,b oat,g oal
oar,oor
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/ɔ:/r oar,b oard,d oor,fl oor
oi,oy
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/ɔɪ/n oise,p oint,b oy,t oilet
oo
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/u:/br oom,f ood,t ooth,sch ool,z oo
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/ʊ/b ook,l ook,c ook,f oot,g ood, f ootball
ou,ow
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①/aʊ/fl ower,h ouse,c ount,d own
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②/əʊ/kn ow,r ow,thr ow,th ough
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③/ʌ/y oung,c ountry,en ough
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④/u:/gr oup,s oup
our
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①/ɔ:/ c ourse,y our,f our
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②/aʊə/ our,h our,s our
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③/ɜ:/j ourney
oul
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/ʊ/w ould,sh ould,c ould(主要是情態動詞、助動詞)
ui
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①在j,l,r,s後/u:ɪ/fl uid,s u icide,t uition
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②/u:/j uice,fr uit,s uit
非重讀音節中元音字組和字群的讀音
ai,ay,ei,ey
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/ɪ/for eign,monk ey
ow
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/əʊ/yell ow,sparr ow,tomorr ow
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註:元音字組在非重讀音節中通常讀/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:seri ous,fam ous,bisc uit,coff ee,neighb our
-sion,-tion
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①/ʃən/impres sion,na tion
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②在元音字母后/ʒən/vi sion,deci sion,occa sion
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③在s後/tʃən/ques tion,sugges tion
-isle
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/aɪl/a isle, Carl isle
-sten
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/sən/li sten
-stle
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/sl/whi stle
-sure
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/ʒə/plea sure,mea sure
-ture
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/tʃə/pict ure,cult ure
元字組在複合詞非重讀音節中的讀音
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複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。例如:everyd ay/eɪ/,h andb ag/æ/,blackb oard/ɔ:/。有些詞隨著語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。例如:holy(神聖)+d ay/eɪ/(日子)=holid ay/ɪ/(假日):br eak(中斷)+f ast/α:/(齋戒)=br eakf ast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+b oard/ɔ:/(木板)=cupb oard/ə/(碗櫃)。
輔字組的讀音
b
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①/b/ bike, bus, bag
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②/不發/bom b,tom b
c
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①在e前或在i,y前/s/fa ce,de cide, cinema
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②其他情況/k/ cake,pi cture, coat,musi c
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③/tʃ/ cello
ch
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①/tʃ/mu ch, chick,ri ch,tea cher
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②/k/s chool,heada che, chemistry(主要為希臘外來詞)
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③/ʃ/ma chine,mousta che(主要是法語外來詞)
-ck
[k]co ck,po cket,bla ck,kno ck
cz
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[tʃ] Czech
d
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/d/ doctor,brea d,han d, day
-dg(e)
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/dʒ/bri dge,fri dge
dr-
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/dr/chil dren, driver, drink
ds
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/dz/han ds(主要用於可數名詞複數)
f
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/f/ five, four,break fast
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/v/o f
g
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①/g/ba g, garden, go
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②/dʒ/oran ge,lar ge, German
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③/ʒ/ genre,massa ge
gh
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①/f/cou gh,enou gh
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②/不發/li ght,dau ghter,hi gh
gu-,-gue
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①/g/ guess,lea gu e,dialo gue(-gue在非重讀音節中)
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②/gw/lan guage,an guish
h
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①/h/ hot, head, house, hand
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②/不發/ hour, honest
j
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①/dʒ/ jeep,jar, joke, join, June
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②/ʒ/ Jacques(用於法國人名)
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③/h/ Juanita(用於西班牙人名)
k
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/k/ kind,bi ke,s kate,ma ke,wee k
kn-
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/n/ knife, know, knock
l
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①/l/ life, lead, lot(出現在元音前面)
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②/ɫ/mi lk,schoo l,tal l[出現在元音後面。可以出現在輔音前,也可出現在輔音後(詞尾)]
m
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/m/ monkey,co me
-mn
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/m/autu mn,colu mn,sole mn
n
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①/n/ not,shi ne,te n, note
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②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/u ncle,tha nk,hu ngry
-ng
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/ŋ/morni ng,you ng,wro ng
p
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/p/ pa per, plane, pig,shi p, pen
ph
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/f/ele phant, photo,tele phone,gra ph
q
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/k/Ira q
qu-
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/kw/ quality, quite
r
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/r/ red, rubber, ruler
rz
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/ʒ/ Zab rze(扎布熱)
s
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①在詞首、清輔音前/s/ sit, sleep,de sk
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②元音字母間或濁輔音前/z/mu sic,hu sband
sc-
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①/sk/ s carlet
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②/s/mu s cle, s cience
sch-
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/ʃ/ schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/
sh
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/ʃ/ she,fi sh, shirt,wa sh
t
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①/t/ ten,let ter,mee t
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②在弱讀字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/pa tient,na tion
tch
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/tʃ/wa tch
th
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①/θ/ thin, thirty,me thod
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②/ð/ the, these,wi th, than,clo the,fa ther,wea ther(在冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞中,以及在詞尾-the,-ther中
tr-
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/tr/ tree, train,coun try, truck
ts,tz
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/ts/ Tsingtao(青島),Tien tsin(天津),pan ts(主要用於可數名詞複數)
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quar tz,Her tz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用於德國人名)
v
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/v/ very, voice,lo ve,lea ve
w
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①/w/ week, win, wake,s weet, wait
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②/不發/ans wer,t wo,s word
wh-
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①/w/ what, when, white, why
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②在字母o前/h/ who, whose, whole
wr-
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/r/ write
x
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①在重讀元音後/ks/bo x,te xt,e xercise
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②/gz/e xample,e xist,e xact
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③/z/ xylophone
y
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/j/ yes, yard, yellow, young
z
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①/z/puz zle, zero, zoo
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②/ʒ/a zure
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③/ts/piz za Na zi(義大利、德國外來詞)
zh
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/ʒ/ zhoosh