生平
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拉美西斯一名意為“拉塑造了他”,他的王位名“門帕提拉”可解釋為“拉的權利是持久的”。這個稱號是拉美西斯一世作為對新王國的創建者阿赫摩斯一世的頌辭而得到的。這些名稱說明了新的王權對拉神的崇拜與信仰。在新王國時代,拉神已經和阿蒙神融合為一體,所以,作為新王朝的國王的第一個行動是恢復和整修卡納克的阿蒙大神廟。
相關事件
在拉美西斯一世登基後不久,他就指定了他的兒子塞提一世作為共同攝政王,而他的兒子已經是一名軍隊指揮官,熱衷於遠征敘利亞,並企圖恢復埃及在那裡逝去的地位。但是,拉美西斯一世加冕後僅僅一年零4個月便去世。拉美西斯一世被葬於帝王谷,霍倫海布墓附近的一座倉促建造的陵墓中。拉美西斯一世的木乃伊曾在19世紀埃及木乃伊瘋狂盜賣中被當地僧侶轉移並保護起來,但是仍被倒賣至加拿大尼亞加拉瀑布博物館,後輾轉至美國。經一系列現代科學鑑定,確認其身份就是埃及新王國時期(18-20王朝)的19王朝的開國法老拉美西斯一世,最後於2003年回贈埃及,與其子孫塞提一世、拉美西斯二世等法老一同陳列。
史籍
Around1290BC,thepharaoh RamessesI,ancestorofEgypt'smostillustriousrulers,wasburiedina richlypaintedtombintheValleyoftheKings.Ramessesenteredhis tombexpectingtoundertakeanarduousjourneythroughtheunderworld. Thekingcouldhardlyhaveimaginedthathisjourneywouldtakeover threethousandyears,windingapathtoAtlanta,Georgia.AtthecloseoftheEighteenth Dynasty,theEgyptianroyalfamilywasindisarray,allowingHoremheb,amilitarycommanderofnon-royalbloodtobecomethelastkingofthe dynasty.Sincehehadnoheir,Horemhebappointedhismilitarycomrade andmosttrustedadvisor,Paramessu,tobehissuccessor.Paramessu,son ofSeti,ajudgeandtroopcommanderfromAvarisinthenortheastern Delta,beganhiscareerasamid-levelmilitaryofficer,risingrapidly throughtheranks.DuringthereignofHoremheb,Paramessureachedthe highestlevelsofpower,surpassinghisfather'spositionastroop commandertobecome"masterofhorse,commanderofthefortress, controlleroftheNilemouth,charioteerofHisMajesty,king'senvoyto everyforeignland,royalscribe,colonel,andgeneraloftheLordof theTwoLands."ParamessutookthenameRamesses whenheclaimedthethroneandfoundedthe19thDynasty,becomingthe firstofelevenrulersbythatname,includinghisgrandson,Ramesses theGreat.Ramesseshadreachedatleastmiddle-agewhenhebecameking andruledforonlytwoyears.Thislefthimlittletimetoerect temples,statues,orothermonuments,andleavesuswithlittleevidence ofhisreign.Infact,Ramessesdidnotevenhavetimetocompletehis tomb(KV16)intheValleyoftheKingsatThebes.ThetombofRamessesIwaslocated inOctober1817bytheItalianexplorerGiovanniBattistaBelzoni. Inside,Belzonifoundseveralwoodenstatuesandaredgranite sarcophaguswithcursorilypainteddecorationanddamageonthelid, whereithadbeenpriedopeninantiquity.Theplananddecorationofthe tombwereabbreviatedincomparisontoothersintheValleyduetothe brevityoftheking'sreign;thenichesalongthecorridorwereleft unfinishedandonlytheburialchamberitselfwasdecorated.Thebulkof thefuneraryequipmentwasabsent,havingbeenstolenduringthelate NewKingdom,whentombrobberyintheValleyoftheKingswent unchecked.ThemummyofRamessesIwasalsomissingfromthetomb.Accordingtobothtextualand archaeologicalevidence,RamessesIwasreburiedinacacheofroyal mummiesduringtheThirdIntermediatePeriod.Atthattime,Thebeswas ruledbyaseriesofmilitaryleaderswhoalsoheldtheprestigious titleofHighPriestofAmun,thepreeminentgodofEgyptwhoseworship wasbasedatKarnaktemple.ItwasthepriestlyofficialsofThebeswho re-consecratedandreburiedthekingswhosetombshadbeenviolated. Recentscholarshiphasevensuggestedthattheprieststhemselves strippedthegoldandpreciousmaterialsfromtheroyalmummiesand coffins,enrichingtheAmunTemplethroughofficiallysanctionedtomb robbery.