Step2:
Paul Samuelson (Paul Samuelson) A Paul Samuelson (Paul Samuelson) A . was born in 1915, a famous American economist, created the post Keynesianism schools" was born in 1915, a famous American economist, created the post Keynesianism schools" .
economics samuelson hailed from an aristocratic family, he was the nephew of U.S. President Barack Obama's chief economic adviser Larry Summers, and brother Robert, younger sister Anita also eminent economists 1935 graduate of the University of Chicago, and subsequently obtained a masters degree and doctorate from Harvard, and has been at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology economics professor, he developed the mathematical theory and dynamic economy,The economic science to a new level 1935 graduate of the University of Chicago, and subsequently obtained a masters degree and doctorate from Harvard, and has been at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology economics professor, he developed the mathematical theory and dynamic economy,The economic science to a new level .
Samuelson, "Economics" is the history of American education is the most widely used college textbook one, since the first version of which was published in 1948, and since then has held for nearly three decades of selling, and has been translated into twenty languages, and in nearly half a century has maintained annual sales of five million copies of Samuelson, "Economics" is the history of American education is the most widely used college textbook one, since the first version of which was published in 1948, and since then has held for nearly three decades of selling, and has been translated into twenty languages, and in nearly half a century has maintained annual sales of five million copies of . Samuelson, who won a mathematical analysis is applied to the field of economics of the enormous contributions in 1970 became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in the Samuelson, who won a mathematical analysis is applied to the field of economics of the enormous contributions in 1970 became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in the .
Samuelson to America on December 13, 2009 at his home in Belmont. He died, aged 94 1 1.
Major Contribution
Samuelson in economics in the field can be found all over nature, is referred to as the economics of the last people to enter the university a generalist Samuelson in economics in the field can be found all over nature, is referred to as the economics of the last people to enter the university a generalist . began studying economics, met Samuelson, re - reading the economics by samuelson textbooks; and when the entry level economic theory, people still leave Samuelson, Samuelson of the "economic analysis" make the economic theoretical research guide; in almost all areas of economics, such as: microeconomics, macroeconomics, international economics,mathematical economics, people are always able to Samuelson from academic works in obtaining a good deal of enlightenment began studying economics, met Samuelson, re - reading the economics by samuelson textbooks; and when the entry level economic theory, people still leave Samuelson, Samuelson of the "economic analysis" make the economic theoretical research guide; in almost all areas of economics, such as: microeconomics, macroeconomics, international economics,mathematical economics, people are always able to Samuelson from academic works in obtaining a good deal of enlightenment .
Samuelson as new classical economics and Keynesian economics comprehensive, the leader of the Western economics theory has reflected the view that a whole generation of orthodox theory perspective, and into western country formulation economic policy the rationale Samuelson as new classical economics and Keynesian economics comprehensive, the leader of the Western economics theory has reflected the view that a whole generation of orthodox theory perspective, and into western country formulation economic policy the rationale . 70 's of the 20th century, the western economic "stagflation", the "neoclassical synthesis"Based on the theory of the economic policy of destruction, Samuelson of economic theory has come under increasing challenge, thereby formed the Western economists of protracted debates on the 70 's of the 20th century, the western economic "stagflation", the "neoclassical synthesis"Based on the theory of the economic policy of destruction, Samuelson of economic theory has come under increasing challenge, thereby formed the Western economists of protracted debates on the .
although, to Samuelson is representative of the economic theory of legitimacy has been shaken, however, the West as a "mixed economy"Samuelson is still about the economic theory of although, to Samuelson is representative of the economic theory of legitimacy has been shaken, however, the West as a "mixed economy"Samuelson is still about the economic theory of . Samuelson also from other schools of economic theory in absorbing a lot of important theoretical viewpoints, on their own to the revision and perfection of the theory, so as to fit in with the changing economic situation by Samuelson also from other schools of economic theory in absorbing a lot of important theoretical viewpoints, on their own to the revision and perfection of the theory, so as to fit in with the changing economic situation by .
, Samuelson, the economics still master , Samuelson, the economics still master . Samuelson of the research scope of economics, statistics and mathematics, and other fields, he was on the economics of the three major components - - plutonomy, department of economics and technology economics, has original opinions; he put the Keynesian and traditional microeconomics, and form the "neo - classical synthesis"theory system; he was also a keen mathematical tools applied to static balancing and dynamic procedure analysis, physics and math argument and reasoning to the study of economics, mathematical economics is a of modernization as well as its contribution to the Samuelson of the research scope of economics, statistics and mathematics, and other fields, he was on the economics of the three major components - - plutonomy, department of economics and technology economics, has original opinions; he put the Keynesian and traditional microeconomics, and form the "neo - classical synthesis"theory system; he was also a keen mathematical tools applied to static balancing and dynamic procedure analysis, physics and math argument and reasoning to the study of economics, mathematical economics is a of modernization as well as its contribution to the .
In addition, he also by means of mutiplier and accelerator combined analysis of the role of the two, and cleverly integrated, and reveals the internal relations of multiplier with accelerator; regarding economic growth theory, which calls for "social welfare function" and on the comparative cost in the "Hecker shelgrim Ohlin principle"the supplement or the like, and is a valuable contribution to the economic theory of Si property In addition, he also by means of mutiplier and accelerator combined analysis of the role of the two, and cleverly integrated, and reveals the internal relations of multiplier with accelerator; regarding economic growth theory, which calls for "social welfare function" and on the comparative cost in the "Hecker shelgrim Ohlin principle"the supplement or the like, and is a valuable contribution to the economic theory of Si property . Samuelson of the maintenance and dissemination of the traditional theories of western economics, economic theory has promoted the development of mathematical logic, become the world's best - known economics giants Samuelson of the maintenance and dissemination of the traditional theories of western economics, economic theory has promoted the development of mathematical logic, become the world's best - known economics giants .
so his writings in the various countries of the world enjoy a high reputation for so his writings in the various countries of the world enjoy a high reputation for .
Economic Success
achievement: a textbook classic achievements: mathematical, the author introduced the economic achievements bis: help in the economic plight of the Kennedy government came to power in what became known as the "Kennedy tax cut" Third Achievement: influence of the person of the book, "Economics" in 1970, Samuelson due to the economic theories and economics for his contribution to obtain the prize, he is also second in the world, the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize - winning economist achievement: a textbook classic achievements: mathematical, the author introduced the economic achievements bis: help in the economic plight of the Kennedy government came to power in what became known as the "Kennedy tax cut" Third Achievement: influence of the person of the book, "Economics" in 1970, Samuelson due to the economic theories and economics for his contribution to obtain the prize, he is also second in the world, the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize - winning economist . was the Nobel Committee said:" In the lift on the level of scientific analysis of theoretical economists, his (Samuelson) compared to more than any other contemporary economist,He is in fact a simple language rewriting Econ 101 and a considerable part of was the Nobel Committee said:" In the lift on the level of scientific analysis of theoretical economists, his (Samuelson) compared to more than any other contemporary economist,He is in fact a simple language rewriting Econ 101 and a considerable part of .
" ".
1 The Stolper Samuelson Theorem
returns to factors of production is the production factors of income, the element reward equals the marginal value product returns to factors of production is the production factors of income, the element reward equals the marginal value product . marginal products, i.e. the marginal productivity
in the short term, although the price because of international trade, the factors of production but also in time to allow inter - office flow in the short term, although the price because of international trade, the factors of production but also in time to allow inter - office flow . therefore, international trade in the short term only affects the price therefore, international trade in the short term only affects the price .
from the preceding analysis, we know a country exports a product of relative prices will rise, the relative price of imports will decline due to from the preceding analysis, we know a country exports a product of relative prices will rise, the relative price of imports will decline due to . MPK and MPL (unchanged since the factors of production does not flow), while the rise in export prices (PX),So export industry use of labor and capital of remuneration (WX, RX) would add to MPK and MPL (unchanged since the factors of production does not flow), while the rise in export prices (PX),So export industry use of labor and capital of remuneration (WX, RX) would add to .
and vice versa, due to the price of imports (PM) is lowered, and import - competing industries use of labor and capital of remuneration (WM, RM) and vice versa, due to the price of imports (PM) is lowered, and import - competing industries use of labor and capital of remuneration (WM, RM) . would tend to reduce that is to say, the export industry of benefit to the owners of production elements, import - competing industries of the owners of production elements are damaged would tend to reduce that is to say, the export industry of benefit to the owners of production elements, import - competing industries of the owners of production elements are damaged .
in the long run, the production element can freely move between industries trade in the long run, the production element can freely move between industries trade . remuneration for production factors influence then binds to the price and the marginal factor productivity changes due to the trade of remuneration for production factors influence then binds to the price and the marginal factor productivity changes due to the trade of .
as a result of this, the export of capital and labour, pay raise,import - competing sectors of capital and labor will flow to the outlet industry as a result of this, the export of capital and labour, pay raise,import - competing sectors of capital and labor will flow to the outlet industry . we assume here that the export industry is labor - intensive, capital - intensive import - competing sectors of we assume here that the export industry is labor - intensive, capital - intensive import - competing sectors of .
such, import - competing sectors of the capital - labour ratio are relatively high, when the country's imports of competitive products in international trade is reduced after the transfer of capital than labour; on the other hand, labor - intensive export sector of the labour - capital ratio is relatively high, in the expanded export products of labor demand is greater than the capital requirements for the such, import - competing sectors of the capital - labour ratio are relatively high, when the country's imports of competitive products in international trade is reduced after the transfer of capital than labour; on the other hand, labor - intensive export sector of the labour - capital ratio is relatively high, in the expanded export products of labor demand is greater than the capital requirements for the . such, from the import - competing industries transferring out of the capital, but demand is small; and the transfer of labor out of less,But with the result that the demand for more capital such, from the import - competing industries transferring out of the capital, but demand is small; and the transfer of labor out of less,But with the result that the demand for more capital .
result in the oversupply of labor relative shortage of result in the oversupply of labor relative shortage of . if both are used in the original capital - labour ratio, in the production, there would be a part of the Capital if both are used in the original capital - labour ratio, in the production, there would be a part of the Capital .
but idle, when there is a glut of capital, it has become relatively inexpensive, and this idle capital would be absorbed by the two industries, which is used in place of the relatively scarce and thus expensive labor (we assume here that the labor and capital can substitute for each other.) Thus, the two industries would trade than before to raise extra capital instead of labor, then their capital - labour ratio will improve the trade than the former due to increased capital investment,industries in the marginal productivity of labour increased, while the marginal productivity of capital because of the increased capital investment declined by due to increased capital investment,industries in the marginal productivity of labour increased, while the marginal productivity of capital because of the increased capital investment declined by .
Results For export sectors, PX due to the increase of MPL are also improved, WX also increases, resulting in the export sector is also intensively used in the elements of remuneration increase; on the inlet and across the industry, the PM and the pressure drop, MPK also drops, so does the RM, import - competing industries which are intensively used in the elements of remuneration drop Results For export sectors, PX due to the increase of MPL are also improved, WX also increases, resulting in the export sector is also intensively used in the elements of remuneration increase; on the inlet and across the industry, the PM and the pressure drop, MPK also drops, so does the RM, import - competing industries which are intensively used in the elements of remuneration drop . in more long - term analysis, international trade export sector for capital, as well as their impact on import industry remuneration is certain,But we can be deduced that the two elements of the remuneration of change: our analysis has always been assumed to trade - both domestic factor market is balanced, such that outlet industry wages and import sectors of wages is equal, namely WX = WM, likewise, the profit level of the export sector and import sectors also are equal, i.e., RX =
RM in trading after market and will also form a balance of export and import industry of new wage and profit in equilibrium state is also equal to RM in trading after market and will also form a balance of export and import industry of new wage and profit in equilibrium state is also equal to . so that, after the trade, we have deduced the export sector wages will rise,import industry profits will drop so that, after the trade, we have deduced the export sector wages will rise,import industry profits will drop .
then, in a trade after WX = WM, RX = RM, the import trade of WM wages rise, export sectors will also reduce RX then, in a trade after WX = WM, RX = RM, the import trade of WM wages rise, export sectors will also reduce RX . the above analysis, we can come to a conclusion: in the long term, international trade, export products produced in the intensive use of factors of production (i.e., one of the country's abundant factor of production) of a pay raise, while trade in production in the intensive use of factors of production (i.e. their scarce factors of production) remuneration will fall,And regardless of these factors of production in which the industry uses both
this conclusion, the American economist the Stolper Samuelson and Wolfgang Stolper) (Paul Samuelson published a proof of, and is therefore referred to as" the Stolper Samuelson theorem "(Stolper - Samuelson Theorem this conclusion, the American economist the Stolper Samuelson and Wolfgang Stolper) (Paul Samuelson published a proof of, and is therefore referred to as" the Stolper Samuelson theorem "(Stolper - Samuelson Theorem .) from the above analysis, it can also be seen that after the occurrence of international trade, since the remuneration for production factors (price) is a product price and the marginal factor productivity of the product,So the remuneration of the factors of production will exceed the price ) from the above analysis, it can also be seen that after the occurrence of international trade, since the remuneration for production factors (price) is a product price and the marginal factor productivity of the product,So the remuneration of the factors of production will exceed the price .
such a result is referred to as the international trade of "enlarged effect" and the magnification effect) such a result is referred to as the international trade of "enlarged effect" and the magnification effect) .
2 The Factor - Price Equalization Theorem
As long as there is a price difference, the two countries would continue trading, but the end result will be the two countries The two products are completely equal, while the prices of factors of production are also completely equal, and, in this case, if the other conditions unchanged, the trade also stopped As long as there is a price difference, the two countries would continue trading, but the end result will be the two countries The two products are completely equal, while the prices of factors of production are also completely equal, and, in this case, if the other conditions unchanged, the trade also stopped . to trade between the two countries in such a way that the two countries the prices of factors of production is finally equal. This trend is called "factor price equalization theorem" (factor price equalization theorem)
due to this theorem is Samuelson according to Heckscher - Ohlin model of logical argumentation, this theorem is also called"The Heckscher Ohlin, Samuelson theorem" due to this theorem is Samuelson according to Heckscher - Ohlin model of logical argumentation, this theorem is also called"The Heckscher Ohlin, Samuelson theorem" . 2 2.
Academic Thought
Master Of Keynesian
Paul Samuelson and after college, he to the efficient use of time learning, well - read Paul Samuelson and after college, he to the efficient use of time learning, well - read . He has a wide range of hobbies, do the higher mathematics exercise after school is usually identified as self - amusement He has a wide range of hobbies, do the higher mathematics exercise after school is usually identified as self - amusement .
he also developed a keen interest in he also developed a keen interest in . has just got into college, Samuelson is young in years, but the calm and, like his predecessors has just got into college, Samuelson is young in years, but the calm and, like his predecessors .
Consideration of the theoretical total hold attitudes have come under scrutiny, in search of a theory is not perfect or imperfect place Consideration of the theoretical total hold attitudes have come under scrutiny, in search of a theory is not perfect or imperfect place . Samuelson last Summa Cum Laude from the University of Chicago with a bachelor's degree and its average grade is A, then he went on to attend harvard Samuelson last Summa Cum Laude from the University of Chicago with a bachelor's degree and its average grade is A, then he went on to attend harvard .
entered Harvard, Samuelson horizons have increased considerably,Here's the Thought and the University of Chicago from entered Harvard, Samuelson horizons have increased considerably,Here's the Thought and the University of Chicago from . facing various academic genres, he is more assiduous study and research, all kinds of doctrines on the analogy of their insufficient facing various academic genres, he is more assiduous study and research, all kinds of doctrines on the analogy of their insufficient .
1936, i.e. a year later went to Harvard, Samuelson was awarded a Masters and Agile thinking, extensive knowledge and hands - on, earned a Harvard University economics professor Alvin Hansen, pundits favor Hansen received Samuelson made his assistant, which made his school of research Hansen received Samuelson made his assistant, which made his school of research .
he constantly explore the thoughts of Hansen, continued studying for a phd,also chose for himself the study direction for the he constantly explore the thoughts of Hansen, continued studying for a phd,also chose for himself the study direction for the . in 1936, the British Cabinet council chairman, John Maynard Keynes published his most influential papers in the "employment, interest and currency of theory" (hereinafter referred to as the "theory"), a book later, many American economists of the Keynesian doctrine of great interest, Samuelson mentor one of them, in 1936, the British Cabinet council chairman, John Maynard Keynes published his most influential papers in the "employment, interest and currency of theory" (hereinafter referred to as the "theory"), a book later, many American economists of the Keynesian doctrine of great interest, Samuelson mentor one of them, .
he originally opposed Keynesian state intervention policy, advocating "laissez faire", which later became a priest in the United States of spreading human Keynesianism, and Keynes is ported to the U.S. He not only inherited and Keynesian economic theory,And this theory The theory popularization, but also adds development, later became the model of keynesianism to keynesian authority Keynesian economic theory,And this theory The theory popularization, but also adds development, later became the model of keynesianism to keynesian authority .
Samuelson Throughout the formation and development of, felt truly can study of teacher - student collaboration, continuously publicize and Keynesianism, and made a further supplementary Samuelson Throughout the formation and development of, felt truly can study of teacher - student collaboration, continuously publicize and Keynesianism, and made a further supplementary . such, Hansen and Samuelson became that of Keynesianism in the United States, the leading figure in the ultra - sraffaist: samuelson's Keynesian research contribution is much greater than his mentor such, Hansen and Samuelson became that of Keynesianism in the United States, the leading figure in the ultra - sraffaist: samuelson's Keynesian research contribution is much greater than his mentor .
Samuelson in doctorate, re - read from William Petty to Adam Smith, Ricardo from Marshalltown,Walras and Pareto, Pigou and Keynes and others, was able to see the whole history of economic thought, and with a new look to the Keynesian Samuelson in doctorate, re - read from William Petty to Adam Smith, Ricardo from Marshalltown,Walras and Pareto, Pigou and Keynes and others, was able to see the whole history of economic thought, and with a new look to the Keynesian . society on the Keynesian theory of "invest multiplier talking" and "obtain employment multiplicator to popular attention, the opinion of Samuelson, Keynesianism is a 1929 American Wall Street stocks plunged beginning in 1933 to substantially cease funding throughout the economic crisis in a world of the historical background of the society on the Keynesian theory of "invest multiplier talking" and "obtain employment multiplicator to popular attention, the opinion of Samuelson, Keynesianism is a 1929 American Wall Street stocks plunged beginning in 1933 to substantially cease funding throughout the economic crisis in a world of the historical background of the .
Keynesian theory of capitalist development of valuable Keynesian theory of capitalist development of valuable . Accordingly, he decided that he urgently needed investment and employment problems,to study the Keynesian Accordingly, he decided that he urgently needed investment and employment problems,to study the Keynesian .
Multiplier Acceleration Principle
According to Keynes" General Theory "in the proposed" invest multiplier talking "and" employment multiplier ", Hansen believes multiplicator to understate the problem, because the multiplier is not explained how a certain amount of investment causing an increase in income and employment, and there was no clear revenue (or consumption) of the change in how investment and According to Keynes" General Theory "in the proposed" invest multiplier talking "and" employment multiplier ", Hansen believes multiplicator to understate the problem, because the multiplier is not explained how a certain amount of investment causing an increase in income and employment, and there was no clear revenue (or consumption) of the change in how investment and . thus only acceleration principles (regarding income or consumption changes result in variations in the amount of the investment multiplicator theory) and on condition that they shall be fully estimated multiplier effect, and explain the economic growth in the phenomenon of periodic fluctuation thus only acceleration principles (regarding income or consumption changes result in variations in the amount of the investment multiplicator theory) and on condition that they shall be fully estimated multiplier effect, and explain the economic growth in the phenomenon of periodic fluctuation .
Samuelson took note of the multiplier and the principle of accelerating the interaction relationship,He was my mentor at the prompting of both, and in 1939 published his first book, "The multiplier analysis depending on the acceleration principle of interaction", and the fluctuation of the model, and points out that government spending on the national income of the vital role of Samuelson took note of the multiplier and the principle of accelerating the interaction relationship,He was my mentor at the prompting of both, and in 1939 published his first book, "The multiplier analysis depending on the acceleration principle of interaction", and the fluctuation of the model, and points out that government spending on the national income of the vital role of . Western economists think, the ground - breaking research in economic cycle theory he is one of the important contributions of Western economists think, the ground - breaking research in economic cycle theory he is one of the important contributions of .
Economics Of Generalist
Samuelson studied in terms of economic theory in the many areas where Samuelson studied in terms of economic theory in the many areas where . He Depending on the various issues, adopting various mathematic tools, is used to include both the static equilibrium analysis, also includes a process of dynamic analysis method, this contemporary microeconomics and macroeconomics at the development of many theories, anti - inflammatory effect He Depending on the various issues, adopting various mathematic tools, is used to include both the static equilibrium analysis, also includes a process of dynamic analysis method, this contemporary microeconomics and macroeconomics at the development of many theories, anti - inflammatory effect .
ultra - sraffaist: samuelson's static, static comparison, dynamic connection and distinction of the three, made gnomic discussions about the ultra - sraffaist: samuelson's static, static comparison, dynamic connection and distinction of the three, made gnomic discussions about the . In general equilibrium, he adds, is developed and a static Hicks on general equilibrium stable conditions for further development in a balanced condition for equilibrium displacement and Giuseppe Cha Lyle principle,and the total content of such a powerful economic examples to illustrate the universal applicability of the method to look In general equilibrium, he adds, is developed and a static Hicks on general equilibrium stable conditions for further development in a balanced condition for equilibrium displacement and Giuseppe Cha Lyle principle,and the total content of such a powerful economic examples to illustrate the universal applicability of the method to look .
in welfare economics, Samuelson was first of all in this field by creating various doctrines of the pioneers of the writings and analyzes and appraises the in welfare economics, Samuelson was first of all in this field by creating various doctrines of the pioneers of the writings and analyzes and appraises the . Later he built the new welfare economics and welfare for the country and Hansen of the University of California, established and implemented in real life, has made a significant contribution, his argumentation is considered from among the Western economists Pigou (one of the great classical economists) since in terms of economic welfare theory one Later he built the new welfare economics and welfare for the country and Hansen of the University of California, established and implemented in real life, has made a significant contribution, his argumentation is considered from among the Western economists Pigou (one of the great classical economists) since in terms of economic welfare theory one .
in the international trade theory, Samuelson supplemented with comparative cost theory"Gunnar Heckscher - Ohlin theorem", trading between factor of production, the price trend of equal conditions of rigorous argumentation, is in the West are recognized as" the heckscher Ohlin, Samuelson model " in the international trade theory, Samuelson supplemented with comparative cost theory"Gunnar Heckscher - Ohlin theorem", trading between factor of production, the price trend of equal conditions of rigorous argumentation, is in the West are recognized as" the heckscher Ohlin, Samuelson model ". he lectured international trade on the trading interests of the capitalist countries to be considered is the development of modern international trade theory is an important development because he lectured international trade on the trading interests of the capitalist countries to be considered is the development of modern international trade theory is an important development because .
Samuelson At the comprehensive pioneering of the study, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1947 and promoted him as professor of economics at Samuelson At the comprehensive pioneering of the study, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1947 and promoted him as professor of economics at . at the same time, the American Economic Association, admit him to membership, and awarded him the John Bates Clark Medal at the same time, the American Economic Association, admit him to membership, and awarded him the John Bates Clark Medal .
Tax Revenue Thought
Paul Samuelson in "in the economics of taxation policy and discusses the main contents included are tax by nature, the principle of the tax, the tax consequences of:Paul Samuelson in "in the economics of taxation policy and discusses the main contents included are tax by nature, the principle of the tax, the tax consequences of:.
Property Tax
"In deciding how to act in their own taxation authority, the people actually decide is how to meet the social needs of the resource from the individual families removed from what they have taken out of the enterprise, in order to create public goods and services to use "In deciding how to act in their own taxation authority, the people actually decide is how to meet the social needs of the resource from the individual families removed from what they have taken out of the enterprise, in order to create public goods and services to use ." here, Samuelson pointed out the government's revenue now comes from the private sector out of the levy, which is a redistribution of tax revenue for the first time; on the other hand, in his view, the Government's tax is mainly used to transfer expenditure. This is the second re - distribution
", in the countries of welfare spending on transfer payments from the money given to certain elements of society, the people, for their private needs ", in the countries of welfare spending on transfer payments from the money given to certain elements of society, the people, for their private needs ." He further analysis,The two above - mentioned redistribution of the tax is beneficial to society, it was fair, because the tax burden is" falling for the rich, not the poor "," falling to tangible resources such as land and property), rather than labor on the owner of the "" He further analysis,The two above - mentioned redistribution of the tax is beneficial to society, it was fair, because the tax burden is" falling for the rich, not the poor "," falling to tangible resources such as land and property), rather than labor on the owner of the ".
" is very clear, Mr. Samuelson was motivated by a tax on economic analysis to illustrate the nature of the capitalist countries is a fair distribution, it deprives the taxation of the fundamental nature of capitalism, and capitalism in the tax revenue has masked the true origin of the
Tax Principle
An ultra - sraffaist: samuelson's traditional theory in the "interests" and" sacrifice the principle of "two tax principles are analyzed. The results show that these two principles are important, but they do exist in the selection on the difficulties" for the person all the same, the only difference that are both attached to the property and income, with a total of ten times the difficulties" for the person all the same, the only difference that are both attached to the property and income, with a total of ten times the .
Does this mean that B is the police defend their paid taxes shall be absolute and beetle Like? or to pay police costs, and Party B shall pay the same proportion of income, or because the police needed more time to protect the wealth of the rich,affluent circumstances of Party B must use a greater proportion of their earnings to pay the tax is only paid him in police costs in fair share? "The solution to this problem is by using the two principles of fair and reasonable principle, respectively in a direction transverse to the longitudinal of the fair and equitable tax Does this mean that B is the police defend their paid taxes shall be absolute and beetle Like? or to pay police costs, and Party B shall pay the same proportion of income, or because the police needed more time to protect the wealth of the rich,affluent circumstances of Party B must use a greater proportion of their earnings to pay the tax is only paid him in police costs in fair share? "The solution to this problem is by using the two principles of fair and reasonable principle, respectively in a direction transverse to the longitudinal of the fair and equitable tax ." for the case where the same person who levied the same taxes; for the case of different people, different taxes levied " for the case where the same person who levied the same taxes; for the case of different people, different taxes levied .
"To this end, a State shall be taxed at progressive rates and "To this end, a State shall be taxed at progressive rates and .
Tax Effect
tax on the economy has a great influence, this influence is reflected in many aspects: one is the income distribution through the Lorenz curve is tax on the economy has a great influence, this influence is reflected in many aspects: one is the income distribution through the Lorenz curve is . Samuelson to illustrate the distribution of national income tax on the influence of taxation on labour is Samuelson to illustrate the distribution of national income tax on the influence of taxation on labour is .
- - . influence in some occasions, such as labour force low - wage or low - tax, income tax may be to stimulate the efforts of the workers, while in others, such as higher progressive tax rate, income tax, the laborer may hinder the efforts of the three taxes is influence in some occasions, such as labour force low - wage or low - tax, income tax may be to stimulate the efforts of the workers, while in others, such as higher progressive tax rate, income tax, the laborer may hinder the efforts of the three taxes is .
influence investment influence investment . opinion of Samuelson, progressivity would have had an adverse effect on venture capital, the progressive degree of this effect will be larger but opinion of Samuelson, progressivity would have had an adverse effect on venture capital, the progressive degree of this effect will be larger but .
,There's also a progressive tax effects are counteracted, because "taxes are taken from only the expenditure growth of income of the tiny part of the frugality of the rich, but not all of the expenditure of the poor from ,There's also a progressive tax effects are counteracted, because "taxes are taken from only the expenditure growth of income of the tiny part of the frugality of the rich, but not all of the expenditure of the poor from .. As such, the progressive consumption of power can be maintained at a high level of" a high level of consumption, investment is naturally advantageous
Fourth, tax on consumption and national income Fourth, tax on consumption and national income . opinion of Samuelson, tax on consumption is expected to be enormous, for governments to raise taxes, so that "our real disposable income will decrease, while the disposable income of temperature which in turn enable us to reduce the consumption of Zhi Shan" opinion of Samuelson, tax on consumption is expected to be enormous, for governments to raise taxes, so that "our real disposable income will decrease, while the disposable income of temperature which in turn enable us to reduce the consumption of Zhi Shan" .
to his analysis,decline in consumer spending is bound to make consumption curves, low consumption of the natural curve intersects the curve of relatively low national income, resulting in a reduction of the gross national product (GNP) to his analysis,decline in consumer spending is bound to make consumption curves, low consumption of the natural curve intersects the curve of relatively low national income, resulting in a reduction of the gross national product (GNP) ., concluded that the tax increase on spending, which adversely affect the resulting income declined in the , concluded that the tax increase on spending, which adversely affect the resulting income declined in the .
Introducing The
American men, Paul Samuelson, the lifetime of the main publications are:American men, Paul Samuelson, the lifetime of the main publications are:.
"Foundation Of Economic Analysis" (1947)
Paul Samuelson in Harvard PhD, PhD thesis is" Theory of economic operation of importance ", this thesis in economics at Harvard for the Wales award Paul Samuelson in Harvard PhD, PhD thesis is" Theory of economic operation of importance ", this thesis in economics at Harvard for the Wales award . Paul Samuelson, the Nobel - Prize winning" Foundation of Economic Analysis", this thesis based on Paul Samuelson, the Nobel - Prize winning" Foundation of Economic Analysis", this thesis based on .
"Foundation of Economic Analysis", including two 12 - chapter and two mathematical appendices "Foundation of Economic Analysis", including two 12 - chapter and two mathematical appendices . The purpose of the book is an introduction in which he pointed out:"a variety of different theory of main feature between similarity implies the existence of general theory is a special variety of theoretical basis, and various special theory. The main characteristics of the unified presence
such generalized through abstraction of basic principle, as early as 30 years ago by the famous American mathematicians proved Moore such generalized through abstraction of basic principle, as early as 30 years ago by the famous American mathematicians proved Moore . book aims to detail this generalization of the basic principle of theoretical economics and applied economics meaning book aims to detail this generalization of the basic principle of theoretical economics and applied economics meaning .
""economic analysis" of mathematics tool, so that the theory and methods for obtaining substantially uniform, and summarizes the new classical economics as the major achievement of this book to ""economic analysis" of mathematics tool, so that the theory and methods for obtaining substantially uniform, and summarizes the new classical economics as the major achievement of this book to . maximization principle and equilibrium principles combine maximization principle and equilibrium principles combine .
neo - classical economics, the main body so that the content of classical mathematical expression of the form neo - classical economics, the main body so that the content of classical mathematical expression of the form . as it becomes a classic reasons as it becomes a classic reasons .
"Economics" (1st Edition, 1948)
Samuelson's book, "Economics" has been widely circulated, translated into Japanese - German, Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Russian, etc characters, reported sales in China reached 1000 copies, many countries and regions to develop economic policy making as Samuelson's book, "Economics" has been widely circulated, translated into Japanese - German, Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Russian, etc characters, reported sales in China reached 1000 copies, many countries and regions to develop economic policy making as . now, and many of the country's universities and colleges will be" economics" as a professional textbooks now, and many of the country's universities and colleges will be" economics" as a professional textbooks .
book on economics in three major parts of the plutonomy, department of economics, technical economics have specialised discussion, read the book of people saw him from the macroscopic to the microcosmic economics economics, from production to consumption, from the history of economic thought to the economic system than his predecessors have new ideas about the history of the book on economics in three major parts of the plutonomy, department of economics, technical economics have specialised discussion, read the book of people saw him from the macroscopic to the microcosmic economics economics, from production to consumption, from the history of economic thought to the economic system than his predecessors have new ideas about the history of the . in content,in the form of the arrangement of the unique, he's the start of each chapter of the famous ancient epigrams, concise and comprehensive summary of the whole chapter, so readers don't like gnawing on lifeless books, but reading a history book, in content,in the form of the arrangement of the unique, he's the start of each chapter of the famous ancient epigrams, concise and comprehensive summary of the whole chapter, so readers don't like gnawing on lifeless books, but reading a history book, .
a literary character of this great work published, as the medium,Promotion of its Founding the Theory of good conditions for a literary character of this great work published, as the medium,Promotion of its Founding the Theory of good conditions for . from a historical landmark economics textbook in decades of enduring the situation is not unusual for from a historical landmark economics textbook in decades of enduring the situation is not unusual for .
1776 by father of economics Adam Smith's inception, the West has produced three recognized landmarks like the first 1776 by father of economics Adam Smith's inception, the West has produced three recognized landmarks like the first . is the first edition appeared in 1848 John Mueller, of "Principles of Political Economy", " is the first edition appeared in 1848 John Mueller, of "Principles of Political Economy", ".
the book reprinted several times, becoming the second half of the 19th century in the English - speaking world and a must - read in economics textbooks the book reprinted several times, becoming the second half of the 19th century in the English - speaking world and a must - read in economics textbooks . is the second book in the first edition of the 1890 Alfred Marshall of" economics principle "of the book, long a Western economists."Bible"
years until the 1948 installment in the "essence", i.e., Paul Samuelson, "Economics"
"Linear Programming And Economic Analysis Of Law Of The People's Republic Of China
(with Solo and Dorfman, 1958) in 1958, Samuelson and Solow R. and R. Silverman, "Linear Programming and Economic Analysis", is a new birth of economics of the econometrics. On the basis of the contribution of the book to be succeeded in price theory, linear programming and growth theory with succeeded in price theory, linear programming and growth theory with .
Samuelson "Proceedings Of Science" (volume 1 ~ 5)
(1966, 1972, 1977, 1985) 1966 - 1986 published Volume 5 of "Samuelson" Proc. Natl. income 388 (paper) to modern economic paradigm of extraordinary work 3 3.
Book Influence
In 1948, Samuelson published his most influential book, "Economics" In 1948, Samuelson published his most influential book, "Economics" . this book had been sold in many countries of the this book had been sold in many countries of the .
- -engages in expensive foreign publishers snapping up the rights to publish it, which were soon translated into Japanese - German, Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Russian, etc character - -engages in expensive foreign publishers snapping up the rights to publish it, which were soon translated into Japanese - German, Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Russian, etc character . book on economics in three major parts of the plutonomy, department of economics, technical economics have specialised discussion, read the book of people saw him from the macroscopic to the microcosmic economics economics, from production to consumption, from the history of economic thought to the economic system than his predecessors have new ideas about the history of the book on economics in three major parts of the plutonomy, department of economics, technical economics have specialised discussion, read the book of people saw him from the macroscopic to the microcosmic economics economics, from production to consumption, from the history of economic thought to the economic system than his predecessors have new ideas about the history of the .
in content, form of the arrangement of the unique,He's in every chapter of the start of the famous ancient epigrams, concise and comprehensive summary of the whole chapter, so readers don't like gnawing on lifeless books, but reading a history book, in content, form of the arrangement of the unique,He's in every chapter of the start of the famous ancient epigrams, concise and comprehensive summary of the whole chapter, so readers don't like gnawing on lifeless books, but reading a history book, . a literary character of this great work published in popularizing, promoting his theories of the creation of a good condition for a literary character of this great work published in popularizing, promoting his theories of the creation of a good condition for .
in 1953, when the "Economics," 3rd Edition issue when Samuelson arrived in the United States Bureau of Budget, advising the government on in 1953, when the "Economics," 3rd Edition issue when Samuelson arrived in the United States Bureau of Budget, advising the government on . he advocated a deficit budget, chasing economic growth accelerated, so that the United States had overcome the 1950s of the "Eisenhower", he also became indispensable in the White House's top bureaucrat he advocated a deficit budget, chasing economic growth accelerated, so that the United States had overcome the 1950s of the "Eisenhower", he also became indispensable in the White House's top bureaucrat .
1959 - 1960,Samuelson has been appointed as President of the United States Commission on Investigation of 1959 - 1960,Samuelson has been appointed as President of the United States Commission on Investigation of . Advisory Group consultant in 1960, President Kennedy appointed him as a presidential finding consultants and the United States National Agency of the U. S. economic adviser
in 1958, he and Solo and Dorfman were "Linear Programming and Economic Analysis", is a new birth of economics of the econometrics. On the basis of the contribution to 1961 Samuelson is an award in recognition of the important year 1961 Samuelson is an award in recognition of the important year .
he served again as an economic adviser to the Treasury's he served again as an economic adviser to the Treasury's . at the same time, he is" economics" in the fifth edition, it's own theoretical system which is also referred to as a" neo - classical synthesis",and in 1961 of the American Economic Association annual meeting, on the theory of the core portion, the structure and study method in detail and an explanation of the at the same time, he is" economics" in the fifth edition, it's own theoretical system which is also referred to as a" neo - classical synthesis",and in 1961 of the American Economic Association annual meeting, on the theory of the core portion, the structure and study method in detail and an explanation of the .
he explained, was highly praised, the consensus was that year elected him director of the he explained, was highly praised, the consensus was that year elected him director of the . 1962, Samuelson was awarded the honorary Doctor of Literature, Honorary Doctor of Laws from 1962, Samuelson was awarded the honorary Doctor of Literature, Honorary Doctor of Laws from .
in 1965, and was appointed as the Federal Reserve Bank economic adviser to the Advisory Committee, and became a member of the United States Agency for International economics, in 1965, and was appointed as the Federal Reserve Bank economic adviser to the Advisory Committee, and became a member of the United States Agency for International economics, . in the 1960s, the U.S. economy is growing fast with the
In Kennedy Johnson became president of the United States for 8 years,Without a U.S. economic crisis, the Keynesianism by his followers as a post - war prosperity doctrine ", as the president's chief economic adviser to the American Keynesianism Samuelson became a synonym for the United States in the economic life of achievement was seen also as a" neo - classical synthesis" feat 1966, Samuelson in Indiana University awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Laws, and published the "Samuelson" Proc. Natl.
in 1967, the University awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Laws from in 1967, the University awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Laws from . 1970, Clare Pimentel, Jr., who lost school awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Laws,Wei Lin in Evanston, Illinois College awarded him an honorary
Medal in 1971, he won the American National Academy of Sciences awarded the Albert Einstein Award Medal in 1971, he won the American National Academy of Sciences awarded the Albert Einstein Award . 1970, "Foundation of Economic Analysis" got three positive, helped him win the Nobel Prize, the most excited him, he is the first American who won the Nobel Prize in Stockholm he accepted the award from 1970, "Foundation of Economic Analysis" got three positive, helped him win the Nobel Prize, the most excited him, he is the first American who won the Nobel Prize in Stockholm he accepted the award from .
returned to New York, thousands of people with the highest returned to New York, thousands of people with the highest . he isited in his celebration, was eager to say:" I can tell you how to get a Nobel Prize, the trick is to have one master he isited in his celebration, was eager to say:" I can tell you how to get a Nobel Prize, the trick is to have one master .
"He didn't forget the careful cultivation of his professor Alvin Hansen "He didn't forget the careful cultivation of his professor Alvin Hansen .
Honor
In 1940, Samuelson was appointed to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he taught from In 1940, Samuelson was appointed to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he taught from . in 1941, he published an "economic theory to computing," a lengthy essay in his doctoral thesis, and obtained a Harvard in 1941, he published an "economic theory to computing," a lengthy essay in his doctoral thesis, and obtained a Harvard .
Wells Award for this thesis was he in 1947 to commemorate the first anniversary of his death, Keynes published "Foundation of Economic Analysis" and Wells Award for this thesis was he in 1947 to commemorate the first anniversary of his death, Keynes published "Foundation of Economic Analysis" and . He later said about this experience, this thesis that many of the concepts and ideas, as early as at the University of Chicago when it had been simmering for He later said about this experience, this thesis that many of the concepts and ideas, as early as at the University of Chicago when it had been simmering for .
in the point that we can see Samuelson rigorous spirit in the point that we can see Samuelson rigorous spirit . because he completely to classical view of physics and mathematics, inference,Therefore, accounting to mathematical economics are considered landmarks in the history books because he completely to classical view of physics and mathematics, inference,Therefore, accounting to mathematical economics are considered landmarks in the history books .
the same year, he was appointed to the United States Agency of the U. S. resources work 1944, Samuelson was promoted to Associate Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory and economics researcher 1944, Samuelson was promoted to Associate Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory and economics researcher .
in 1945, at the end of World War II, he came to the United States War Production Board of War Mobilization and Reconstruction Office, at a time when the US Treasury economic adviser in 1945, at the end of World War II, he came to the United States War Production Board of War Mobilization and Reconstruction Office, at a time when the US Treasury economic adviser . these work has been given the opportunity of economic theory in practical work, from the practice of its inspection and scientific these work has been given the opportunity of economic theory in practical work, from the practice of its inspection and scientific .
simultaneously, but also the conditions of its information - gathering,impact on the accumulation of high amounts of material simultaneously, but also the conditions of its information - gathering,impact on the accumulation of high amounts of material . 1960, President Kennedy appointed him as a presidential finding consultants and the National Agency of the U. S. economic adviser
1966, Indiana University conferred an Honorary Doctor of Laws from 1966, Indiana University conferred an Honorary Doctor of Laws from . Samuelson 1970, "Foundation of Economic Analysis" got three positive, helped him win the Nobel Prize, the most excited him, he was awarded the Nobel prize in economics was the first American to Samuelson 1970, "Foundation of Economic Analysis" got three positive, helped him win the Nobel Prize, the most excited him, he was awarded the Nobel prize in economics was the first American to .
1970, Clare Pimentel, Jr., who lost school awarded him an Honorary Doctor of Laws, in Evanston, Illinois of Wei Lin University awarded him an honorary medal 1971,He won the American National Academy of Sciences awarded the Albert Einstein Award 1971,He won the American National Academy of Sciences awarded the Albert Einstein Award .
Evaluation
The Associated Press summarized the main achievements of Samuelson's life: his mathematical analysis method is introduced to the economics, help the economic plight of the Kennedy government came to power in what became known as the "Kennedy tax cut", and has produced millions of college students is regarded as a classic textbook The Associated Press summarized the main achievements of Samuelson's life: his mathematical analysis method is introduced to the economics, help the economic plight of the Kennedy government came to power in what became known as the "Kennedy tax cut", and has produced millions of college students is regarded as a classic textbook . MIT President Susan Hockfield said: "He changed everything in contact with the" MIT President Susan Hockfield said: "He changed everything in contact with the" .
"in the long term, we are all dead "in the long term, we are all dead ." December 13, 2009, Paul Samuelson, the 20th century's greatest Keynesians, quietly left us " December 13, 2009, Paul Samuelson, the 20th century's greatest Keynesians, quietly left us .
His thought and behavior with Keynes - there is an intersection,and may not be restricted to national interference from Keynesian aspect His thought and behavior with Keynes - there is an intersection,and may not be restricted to national interference from Keynesian aspect . When declared, "economist and political thinkers of China, regardless of the correctness of the ratio of the forces that are generally considered to be a" bigger ", as well as to influence young people, he said:" If I can be in this country a Writing an economics textbook, I don't give a shit about is the one who drafted the law of the State When declared, "economist and political thinkers of China, regardless of the correctness of the ratio of the forces that are generally considered to be a" bigger ", as well as to influence young people, he said:" If I can be in this country a Writing an economics textbook, I don't give a shit about is the one who drafted the law of the State .
"which became one of his well known slogan," but also his splendid life in a footnote to the "which became one of his well known slogan," but also his splendid life in a footnote to the . "I am a playground on the bleachers, they can sit above the waves to observe nearly a century of basic economics history of "I am a playground on the bleachers, they can sit above the waves to observe nearly a century of basic economics history of .
," claiming he studied economics,is completely "blind cat caught a dead rat" stroke of luck, ," claiming he studied economics,is completely "blind cat caught a dead rat" stroke of luck, . said he believed his life enough "lucky" "I'm always in the right place at the right time said he believed his life enough "lucky" "I'm always in the right place at the right time .
" while in his mid - sixties, he was already aware of: "All of these because the cause of things, should put the economics of the fundamental trends in the historical background of this possible to comprehend " while in his mid - sixties, he was already aware of: "All of these because the cause of things, should put the economics of the fundamental trends in the historical background of this possible to comprehend ." according to the recorded date of birth, he was born in 1915 on May 15, 2013 " according to the recorded date of birth, he was born in 1915 on May 15, 2013 .
but instead, he always thinks of himself as the true date of birth is a 1932 (2 January morning, the site was occupied by the University of Chicago but instead, he always thinks of himself as the true date of birth is a 1932 (2 January morning, the site was occupied by the University of Chicago . "8 o 'clock in the morning,When I first walked into the auditorium of the University of Chicago, I was once on the day "8 o 'clock in the morning,When I first walked into the auditorium of the University of Chicago, I was once on the day .
regeneration 'of the theme of the seminar, is the Malthusian theory until the degree of the density of the more fuel than an acre of land capable of maintaining a standard of living of the population reaches the lowest limit, the population will breed like rabbits, after the growing death - rate even with the birthrate reaching a balance regeneration 'of the theme of the seminar, is the Malthusian theory until the degree of the density of the more fuel than an acre of land capable of maintaining a standard of living of the population reaches the lowest limit, the population will breed like rabbits, after the growing death - rate even with the birthrate reaching a balance . them is so simple to understand some of the different differential equations, so I wonder if maybe I missed something mysterious complexity them is so simple to understand some of the different differential equations, so I wonder if maybe I missed something mysterious complexity .
"was playing the role" because home and near my school. "So I went in the old neoclassical microeconomics Research Center of the University of Chicago, Samuelson, still only 16 years old at the time while in his view, in 1932, was born to an economist on the huge success of while in his view, in 1932, was born to an economist on the huge success of .
because of the political economy field, is waiting for a new method, new paradigms, new players and new issues coming because of the political economy field, is waiting for a new method, new paradigms, new players and new issues coming . "science is the only parasite, the number of patients, the more the physiology and pathology, the more advanced research, from pathology treatment method is produced in the "science is the only parasite, the number of patients, the more the physiology and pathology, the more advanced research, from pathology treatment method is produced in the .
1932 also enters the trough of the Great Depression, tree seedlings, water from decay of soil to the emergence of what we now call the macroeconomics 1932 also enters the trough of the Great Depression, tree seedlings, water from decay of soil to the emergence of what we now call the macroeconomics ." perhaps,than just the luck of the draw as a consequence of the more important, is such a useful reality: economics is right for him to study and research with his " perhaps,than just the luck of the draw as a consequence of the more important, is such a useful reality: economics is right for him to study and research with his .
. was born at, just on statistical theory and mathematics come into an era of was born at, just on statistical theory and mathematics come into an era of .
as a precocious young man, "I've been perfectly at home in the logic operation of an IQ test and puzzle - solving game as a precocious young man, "I've been perfectly at home in the logic operation of an IQ test and puzzle - solving game . So if economics says to me is the most ideal one discipline, you may say, I was also the most ideal economics researchers So if economics says to me is the most ideal one discipline, you may say, I was also the most ideal economics researchers .
," therefore, he reminded the young people generally like Zweig, "Never underestimate,Early in your career to find a job that is suitable for the extreme importance of ," therefore, he reminded the young people generally like Zweig, "Never underestimate,Early in your career to find a job that is suitable for the extreme importance of . It makes possible the underachiever becomes happy warrior It makes possible the underachiever becomes happy warrior .
"in a sense, he really want to thank "in a sense, he really want to thank . Hitler because of the latter, so that he in 1935 to 1940 Harvard during his stay, and it is possible to make it catch the tide of the economics of the Renaissance, Joseph Schumpeter, Wassily Leontief, Gottfried, as well as the" American Keynes"Alvin Hansen to escape the scourge of these economists are fueling the trend during the same period of Hitler because of the latter, so that he in 1935 to 1940 Harvard during his stay, and it is possible to make it catch the tide of the economics of the Renaissance, Joseph Schumpeter, Wassily Leontief, Gottfried, as well as the" American Keynes"Alvin Hansen to escape the scourge of these economists are fueling the trend during the same period of .
Harvard graduate students,Both have talent on this new ability of Harvard Harvard graduate students,Both have talent on this new ability of Harvard . Richard Musgrave, Wolfgang Stolper, Abram, Joe Bain, Lloyd Metzler, Richard Goodwin, Robert, James Tobin and Robert Solow, all of them of Samuelson's contemporaries became a 1950 - 2000 close to the world of economics on it in front of the Ming DynastyStar
"indeed, is what made us "indeed, is what made us . Harvard but, like I had been adumbrated very many times before, we also brought up Harvard Harvard but, like I had been adumbrated very many times before, we also brought up Harvard .
" at Harvard, he started to become a Keynesian " at Harvard, he started to become a Keynesian . in 1936, the British Cabinet council chairman, John Maynard Keynes published his most influential papers in the "employment," the book, in 1936, the British Cabinet council chairman, John Maynard Keynes published his most influential papers in the "employment," the book, .
he thought to modern market economy. It would appear, unravel dilemma, what is needed from government spending or tax cuts is of strong propulsion, in addition to,They need loose monetary policy to the economy of many repair economics students it will never be out of the middle period of 19th - century an interest, as it is of the view that there is no need for government interference under the precondition that the private market could be used to cure unemployment economics students it will never be out of the middle period of 19th - century an interest, as it is of the view that there is no need for government interference under the precondition that the private market could be used to cure unemployment .
many American economists of the Keynesian theory is interested in, and while Samuelson own teacher Hansen is one of constant propaganda Keynesianism, and further of the opinion of Samuelson added many American economists of the Keynesian theory is interested in, and while Samuelson own teacher Hansen is one of constant propaganda Keynesianism, and further of the opinion of Samuelson added .,Keynesianism is a 1929 American Wall Street stocks plunged beginning in 1933 to substantially cease funding throughout the economic crisis in a world of the historical background of the ,Keynesianism is a 1929 American Wall Street stocks plunged beginning in 1933 to substantially cease funding throughout the economic crisis in a world of the historical background of the .
Keynesian theory of capitalist development of valuable Keynesian theory of capitalist development of valuable . Accordingly, he decided that he urgently needed investment and employment, Keynesian Accordingly, he decided that he urgently needed investment and employment, Keynesian .
gradually, he began to become Keynesianism in the United States, the leading figure in the life time of the gradually, he began to become Keynesianism in the United States, the leading figure in the life time of the . and and .
October 1940, he began arriving at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),This he spent all of his academic career October 1940, he began arriving at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),This he spent all of his academic career . soon began to get a never - ending procession of peers agree with soon began to get a never - ending procession of peers agree with .
including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academic Academy, the American Philosophical Society, the British academic success as in its membership while including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academic Academy, the American Philosophical Society, the British academic success as in its membership while . .
But they throwing various titles, three children are being born of his economic conditions begin down But they throwing various titles, three children are being born of his economic conditions begin down . and he decided to write a book on economics textbook and he decided to write a book on economics textbook .
he set himself to writing standards when the book should not only attract students,should also have a mature and systematic quality he set himself to writing standards when the book should not only attract students,should also have a mature and systematic quality . He also wants to go through the book to focus on "the then flicks of the Keynesian revolution, He also wants to go through the book to focus on "the then flicks of the Keynesian revolution, .
he said, adding that" our hearts and minds" of writing the book he said, adding that" our hearts and minds" of writing the book . him to hire someone with the increased chart, color illustrations and the humorous segments him to hire someone with the increased chart, color illustrations and the humorous segments .
hard to underestimate, titled "Economics of textbook and the great influence of hard to underestimate, titled "Economics of textbook and the great influence of ." economics" to generations of students learned about John Maynard Keynes idea " economics" to generations of students learned about John Maynard Keynes idea .
translated and published in multiple languages, it is" given the world a kind of general economics of language has achieved great accomplishment translated and published in multiple languages, it is" given the world a kind of general economics of language has achieved great accomplishment . "Students are its vibrant prose style and their relevance to everyday life attracted by "Students are its vibrant prose style and their relevance to everyday life attracted by .
, and after a large number of textbook writers began to parody this way , and after a large number of textbook writers began to parody this way . while writing "economics" is such that it is also the author of the wealthy were part of the side of the while writing "economics" is such that it is also the author of the wealthy were part of the side of the .
his textbook" Economics" served to educate the students how to think about economics his textbook" Economics" served to educate the students how to think about economics . his economic achievements" economic analysis" has taught professional economists to study how the trade in books between his economic achievements" economic analysis" has taught professional economists to study how the trade in books between .
, Samuelson redefined modern economics. When economists "to sit down with a piece of paper and start to calculate or analyze something, you have to say, to provide them with the use of tools and concepts, no one is more important than Samuelson "to sit down with a piece of paper and start to calculate or analyze something, you have to say, to provide them with the use of tools and concepts, no one is more important than Samuelson .
" Samuelson at M.I. T. 's colleague Robert M. Solow say 1970, when he was awarded the Nobel prize, the Swedish Academy praised his" in lifting the economic theoretical research abide by the terms of the level, than any of his contemporary economists more 1970, when he was awarded the Nobel prize, the Swedish Academy praised his" in lifting the economic theoretical research abide by the terms of the level, than any of his contemporary economists more .
"he is known as a" last one encyclopedia - like the economist# He's changed nearly all aspects of the area of economic thoughts from the Marxist theory of labor value to the stock price fluctuation of arbitrariness "he is known as a" last one encyclopedia - like the economist# He's changed nearly all aspects of the area of economic thoughts from the Marxist theory of labor value to the stock price fluctuation of arbitrariness . although before him, mathematics has been co - operativesScientists will be employed, but he is under the influence of mathematics only referred to as economic thinking in such a significant mainstream tools although before him, mathematics has been co - operativesScientists will be employed, but he is under the influence of mathematics only referred to as economic thinking in such a significant mainstream tools .
by him, a simple mathematical prediction to obtain a strong predictive capability of by him, a simple mathematical prediction to obtain a strong predictive capability of . while a difference it would make a modern economists of the outcome of the study analysis, you will find, has a large proportion of the standard of study way, Samuelson can be traced to a lifetime of study, "said Solow while a difference it would make a modern economists of the outcome of the study analysis, you will find, has a large proportion of the standard of study way, Samuelson can be traced to a lifetime of study, "said Solow .
along with students and economist, Samuelson's point of view of the beneficiaries, but also the president of the United States, a worldwide leader, with members of Congress and Federal Reserve officials along with students and economist, Samuelson's point of view of the beneficiaries, but also the president of the United States, a worldwide leader, with members of Congress and Federal Reserve officials .. He was an adviser to institutions such as:Department of the Treasury, the Budget Office, as well as the Adviser to the President of the Commission
, and his most influential student named John F. Kennedy in the election that year after he had given the students individually on a forty - minute course in the election that year after he had given the students individually on a forty - minute course .
after their election, although he as an economic adviser to the chairman of the committee's first choice, but he declined the nomination after their election, although he as an economic adviser to the chairman of the committee's first choice, but he declined the nomination . He refused in principle to any government official, He refused in principle to any government official, .
he said, If you don't want to put yourself in such a situation, and not being able to say and write what we believe he said, If you don't want to put yourself in such a situation, and not being able to say and write what we believe . "he told a joke between himself and Freedman:"If the devil with a wonderful theory in exchange for your soul, in a deal that you do not do?""I don't do this," Friedman said, "If the exchange is the inequality theory, I consider to be "he told a joke between himself and Freedman:"If the devil with a wonderful theory in exchange for your soul, in a deal that you do not do?""I don't do this," Friedman said, "If the exchange is the inequality theory, I consider to be .
" while the joke behind him with the Freedman's point of view of economics, has become America's 20th century economic history of the koan, " while the joke behind him with the Freedman's point of view of economics, has become America's 20th century economic history of the koan, . he said, "We are almost at each other not only any problem does not agree, but we are still friends he said, "We are almost at each other not only any problem does not agree, but we are still friends .
" with liberals by making use of the different, except for defence and legal fields, the conservatives in most fields of Friedman's opposition to government intervention in the economy, " with liberals by making use of the different, except for defence and legal fields, the conservatives in most fields of Friedman's opposition to government intervention in the economy, . he thought it gave the right to freedom of personal, private enterprise and competition can the government do a better job than he thought it gave the right to freedom of personal, private enterprise and competition can the government do a better job than .
but in 2008,Keynesianism, and its powerful defender, Samuelson, but formally staged a "Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, but in 2008,Keynesianism, and its powerful defender, Samuelson, but formally staged a "Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, . when the recession began, Western governments were no longer on the sidelines, but the active participation and even domination of the market rescue plan when the recession began, Western governments were no longer on the sidelines, but the active participation and even domination of the market rescue plan .
he wrote:" What is unusual is not that the government has taken control of the extent to which economic activity, but the extent to which it did not control the economic activities of the he wrote:" What is unusual is not that the government has taken control of the extent to which economic activity, but the extent to which it did not control the economic activities of the . "in 2008, at age 93, he accepted in an interview, he claimed: the moment of crisis,confirmed his own economic validity of ideas - and that this disproved his perennial rival Libre fallacy "in 2008, at age 93, he accepted in an interview, he claimed: the moment of crisis,confirmed his own economic validity of ideas - and that this disproved his perennial rival Libre fallacy .
"Today, we've seen Milton thinks of a market that is capable of adjusting its own view of how wrong "Today, we've seen Milton thinks of a market that is capable of adjusting its own view of how wrong ." " .
he said ".. Now, everyone understands that the contrary view, the government's ideas are correct John Maynard Keynes, fiscal policy and deficit spending, is guided in a market economy and play an important role in leading roles, and once again obtained the approval to John Maynard Keynes, fiscal policy and deficit spending, is guided in a market economy and play an important role in leading roles, and once again obtained the approval to .
I hope Friedman also still alive,This allowed him to witness his own ideas of how extremism would lead to a failure of the I hope Friedman also still alive,This allowed him to witness his own ideas of how extremism would lead to a failure of the . "but he never thought of as a Keynesian "but he never thought of as a Keynesian .
is a kind of religion in the 20th - century history after second - half, even though he has said:" The government believe their ability to perform miracles to catch waves of optimism, has subsided and the " is a kind of religion in the 20th - century history after second - half, even though he has said:" The government believe their ability to perform miracles to catch waves of optimism, has subsided and the "." If the government becomes too large, too much of the national income flowed through it in the hands of the government will lose efficiency, but also meet the needs of the people, therefore, it begins to threaten the freedom of people " If the government becomes too large, too much of the national income flowed through it in the hands of the government will lose efficiency, but also meet the needs of the people, therefore, it begins to threaten the freedom of people .
" ". he said, but he is convinced thatno serious political or economic thinkers reject Keynesian view that the core of their benevolent democratic government can avoid the economic problems in the field of the free market cannot be success he said, but he is convinced thatno serious political or economic thinkers reject Keynesian view that the core of their benevolent democratic government can avoid the economic problems in the field of the free market cannot be success .
"government and market, alone or in any one of the, in the absence of another's help, to no avail, as they serve public welfare "government and market, alone or in any one of the, in the absence of another's help, to no avail, as they serve public welfare ." " .
he finally acknowledged that while its aims, he is in "my philosophy of life: political doctrine and way of working," wrote that, "despite the reality of the empirical analysis to guide and limit me as an economist, and his every act,I had never really forgotten the results of the moral criteria of interest he finally acknowledged that while its aims, he is in "my philosophy of life: political doctrine and way of working," wrote that, "despite the reality of the empirical analysis to guide and limit me as an economist, and his every act,I had never really forgotten the results of the moral criteria of interest . My criteria was simple; to support disadvantaged people, and (all other things being equal) unequal My criteria was simple; to support disadvantaged people, and (all other things being equal) unequal .
abhorred "December 13, 2009, The economics guru figure both in their Massachusetts home, died at the age of ninety - four abhorred "December 13, 2009, The economics guru figure both in their Massachusetts home, died at the age of ninety - four ." in the past, which you can bring me pure joy, my income is much larger than pay " in the past, which you can bring me pure joy, my income is much larger than pay .
"in his 69, he makes his life "in his 69, he makes his life .
