School Profile
Nanchang Hangkong University) is an engineering - oriented above the tube and each method in teaching subjects such as the coordinated development of multi - disciplinary university in Nanchang Hangkong University) is an engineering - oriented above the tube and each method in teaching subjects such as the coordinated development of multi - disciplinary university in . School which was founded in 1952, is the first bachelor's degree can be School which was founded in 1952, is the first bachelor's degree can be .
units started to train graduate students in 1990 to Confer Master Degree units started to train graduate students in 1990 to Confer Master Degree . successively is affiliated to the Ministry of Aviation, Aerospace, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, started in 1999, the central and local governments to build local government taking the main responsibility for management, is the People's Government and the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry of National Defence with distinct aviation,Characteristics of Defence Colleges successively is affiliated to the Ministry of Aviation, Aerospace, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, started in 1999, the central and local governments to build local government taking the main responsibility for management, is the People's Government and the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry of National Defence with distinct aviation,Characteristics of Defence Colleges .
school to national development and progress of aerospace project in china, and persist in "focus on Jiangxi, Face the Nation, service for the needs of the defence" of the service sector, actively serve the local economic and social development of Jiangxi, has produced a large number of talents school to national development and progress of aerospace project in china, and persist in "focus on Jiangxi, Face the Nation, service for the needs of the defence" of the service sector, actively serve the local economic and social development of Jiangxi, has produced a large number of talents . Since founding, the school has trained graduates accumulated co Since founding, the school has trained graduates accumulated co .
11 in recent years, the employment rate of graduates continuing ranking the top among colleges and universities, our school is a four - time title of "the Graduate Employment of University Evaluation Unit in 11 in recent years, the employment rate of graduates continuing ranking the top among colleges and universities, our school is a four - time title of "the Graduate Employment of University Evaluation Unit in . school vigorously promote international cooperation and exchange school vigorously promote international cooperation and exchange .
has with the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Australia, Japan,Sweden, Ukraine, the Republic of Korea, Slovakia, Vietnam, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, universities and colleges to establish stable cooperative relations, which has initiated a variety of fee structure and the like in the first half of the study - abroad programs, teachers visit and study in the form of exchange and utilization of the research projects like has with the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Australia, Japan,Sweden, Ukraine, the Republic of Korea, Slovakia, Vietnam, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, universities and colleges to establish stable cooperative relations, which has initiated a variety of fee structure and the like in the first half of the study - abroad programs, teachers visit and study in the form of exchange and utilization of the research projects like . school in Worcester, England in cooperation with the University of Business Administration, Accounting and English three undergraduate admissions for the success of the project, with Griffith University, Australia Bachelor of Environmental Engineering teaching of Sino - foreign cooperation project of the Ministry of Education approval by school in Worcester, England in cooperation with the University of Business Administration, Accounting and English three undergraduate admissions for the success of the project, with Griffith University, Australia Bachelor of Environmental Engineering teaching of Sino - foreign cooperation project of the Ministry of Education approval by .
regularly appointed undergraduate and postgraduate students from America, Britain and South Korea, Australia, Japan,Sweden and Ukraine, as a student in the school actively regularly appointed undergraduate and postgraduate students from America, Britain and South Korea, Australia, Japan,Sweden and Ukraine, as a student in the school actively . students, took power in 2011 has the Chinese Government Scholarship for the training of qualified institutions to offer students, took power in 2011 has the Chinese Government Scholarship for the training of qualified institutions to offer .
It currently come from Canada, the Netherlands, South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Nigeria and other 18 countries a total of 135 international students, the school's international education It currently come from Canada, the Netherlands, South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Nigeria and other 18 countries a total of 135 international students, the school's international education . school atmosphere is thick in the community enjoy good reputation in the community, and was awarded the National Model Worker Home, National Advanced Unit of Military Training, Advanced Collective in National College Students' Psychological Health Education, Jiangxi Province Civilized Unit,Advanced Grass - root Party Organization in Jiangxi Province, Advanced Unit of Campus Construction in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province, the Party construction and ideological and political work in advanced Unit, etc school atmosphere is thick in the community enjoy good reputation in the community, and was awarded the National Model Worker Home, National Advanced Unit of Military Training, Advanced Collective in National College Students' Psychological Health Education, Jiangxi Province Civilized Unit,Advanced Grass - root Party Organization in Jiangxi Province, Advanced Unit of Campus Construction in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province, the Party construction and ideological and political work in advanced Unit, etc .
(data are as of June 2014) (data are as of June 2014).
Historical Evolution
Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang Hangkong University.
School - Running Scale
Better Teachers
Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang Hangkong University.
Discipline Construction
As of May 2013, the school has 2 Jiangxi province - level key disciplines, six key disciplines of national defense and the basic level in Jiangxi, 22 secondary disciplines As of May 2013, the school has 2 Jiangxi province - level key disciplines, six key disciplines of national defense and the basic level in Jiangxi, 22 secondary disciplines . with 14 first - level discipline, 69 covers the second - level disciplines for master's degree, and has 14 engineering fields and diploma degree conferral right with 14 first - level discipline, 69 covers the second - level disciplines for master's degree, and has 14 engineering fields and diploma degree conferral right .
with Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Beijing Normal University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Hunan University, Nanjing University of Technology,Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, and other universities and research institutes jointly train doctoral students with Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Beijing Normal University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Hunan University, Nanjing University of Technology,Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, and other universities and research institutes jointly train doctoral students . was named) to confer the Doctor of Jiangxi the Construction and Development of the prediction unit, has one of the "Jiangxi test technology and controlling engineering research center for post - doctoral research workstation was named) to confer the Doctor of Jiangxi the Construction and Development of the prediction unit, has one of the "Jiangxi test technology and controlling engineering research center for post - doctoral research workstation .
provincial priority disciplines of aerospace manufacturing engineering in Jiangxi province - level key disciplines of aerospace science and technology, environmental science and engineering in Jiangxi province during the 12th Five - Year" at the level of the key disciplines of materials science and engineering, optical engineering, instrumental science and technology, computer science and technology, the theory of Marxism and Doctoral Program in the prediction unit, and the construction points as well as supporting engineering disciplines,Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, Computer Application Technology, Optical Engineering, etc., to jointly train doctoral students discipline of Material Processing Engineering, Computer Application Technology (combined) with the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Optical Engineering with the Nanchang University jointly) - level discipline programs such as: materials science and engineering, optical engineering, biomedical engineering, environmental science and engineering, aeronautical and astronautical science and technology, software engineering and other engineering fields: mechanical engineering, material engineering, optical engineering, control engineering, computer science, environmental engineering, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Software Engineering, Architecture and Civil Engineering.Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Instrumentation Engineering Universities in Jiangxi Province During the 12th Five - Year "exemplary Master of Environmental Science and Engineering, Aeronautical and astronautical science and technology
Academic Research
Scientific Research Achievements
From 2006 to 2010, the University has awarded various research budget is close to 2 billion yuan (US $4 From 2006 to 2010, the University has awarded various research budget is close to 2 billion yuan (US $4 . National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology Program, National Natural Science Foundation of 66 item of national social science fund, 6 items, the National Educational Science Planning Project 3 items, the Ministry of Education of Philosophy and Social Sciences major projects subject to tender according to item 1, item 4 is based on one national defense scientific research project, to participate in the country's major science and technology project 2 items, bear the sub - item 7, "973" Sub - projects, "863" plan for subitem 1 item, various ministerial and ministerial scientific research awards at over 630 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology Program, National Natural Science Foundation of 66 item of national social science fund, 6 items, the National Educational Science Planning Project 3 items, the Ministry of Education of Philosophy and Social Sciences major projects subject to tender according to item 1, item 4 is based on one national defense scientific research project, to participate in the country's major science and technology project 2 items, bear the sub - item 7, "973" Sub - projects, "863" plan for subitem 1 item, various ministerial and ministerial scientific research awards at over 630 .
. 51 items in 2009 to May 2013,the university has won 5 National Awards (participation), approved as NSFC 178, the National Social Science Fund Item 15 of the National Education Science Plan 4 projects, the Ministry of Education of Philosophy and Social Sciences major projects subject to tender, the Ministry of Education and general projects, education, science and technology projects and talents to the project more than 40 awards, undertake and participate in major national science and technology projects, the subprojects, "973", "863" plan for subitem etc and 20 by various provincial and ministerial projects 600, scientific research achievements of 64 items 51 items in 2009 to May 2013,the university has won 5 National Awards (participation), approved as NSFC 178, the National Social Science Fund Item 15 of the National Education Science Plan 4 projects, the Ministry of Education of Philosophy and Social Sciences major projects subject to tender, the Ministry of Education and general projects, education, science and technology projects and talents to the project more than 40 awards, undertake and participate in major national science and technology projects, the subprojects, "973", "863" plan for subitem etc and 20 by various provincial and ministerial projects 600, scientific research achievements of 64 items .
Luo Shenglian, a professor and awarded the 2012 Science and Technology Achievement Award,Jiangxi province is realized in which the prizes of the Luo Shenglian, a professor and awarded the 2012 Science and Technology Achievement Award,Jiangxi province is realized in which the prizes of the . breakthrough in domestic and overseas academic journals likeNature 6100 thesis papers, which are covered by SCI, EI and ISTP over 1300 retrieves, the retrieval 290 CSSCI;patent - protected 445 authorized member;published books, textbooks and the rest of the breakthrough in domestic and overseas academic journals likeNature 6100 thesis papers, which are covered by SCI, EI and ISTP over 1300 retrieves, the retrieval 290 CSSCI;patent - protected 445 authorized member;published books, textbooks and the rest of the .
220 students obtained additional patents were authorized, and 115, 622 were coauthor papers published in 2013, according to 220 students obtained additional patents were authorized, and 115, 622 were coauthor papers published in 2013, according to . 393 new research items, scientific research fund amounting to 6464. 5 million yuan, including 54 items of national science fund;academic books section 8;patent grant 122, wherein the member (61) of the patent;he has published more than 574, wherein SCI87, EI178, CSSCI18 Discourse;won the first prize of Natural Science Award, one third prize for Progress in Science and Technology, the provincial sci - tech achievement awards won 4 prizes and
15th provincial excellent achievement prizes, 2 First Prize, 5 and 11 third prizes, 15th provincial excellent achievement prizes, 2 First Prize, 5 and 11 third prizes, . item item.
Scientific Research Platform
As of May 2013, the school has 16 provincial - level key laboratories (research centers) and provincial key bases, 1 in Jiangxi Province, one of the first batch of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Province and the aviation manufacturing industry Collaborative Innovation Center), and has set up a UAV research institute, avic Radio Electronics Institute, Institute of Development Studies, Institute for Industrial Engineering, Institute of Regional Logistics institutes like As of May 2013, the school has 16 provincial - level key laboratories (research centers) and provincial key bases, 1 in Jiangxi Province, one of the first batch of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Province and the aviation manufacturing industry Collaborative Innovation Center), and has set up a UAV research institute, avic Radio Electronics Institute, Institute of Development Studies, Institute for Industrial Engineering, Institute of Regional Logistics institutes like .
Academic Resources
Journal Journal of Nanchang Hangkong University (Social Science) from Nanchang Hangkong University, The domestic public offering of comprehensive social science academic journals Journal Journal of Nanchang Hangkong University (Social Science) from Nanchang Hangkong University, The domestic public offering of comprehensive social science academic journals . is the Chinese Core Journal (Selected) as well as periodical database and China Journal Net, Academic Journal (CD) as well as periodical database of Chinese science and technology (Vip) as well as periodical, the chinese academic journal comprehensive evaluation database,RUC data center electronic version of periodicals and newspapers as well as periodical and Taiwan Hua Yi () of electronic journals database as well as periodical is the Chinese Core Journal (Selected) as well as periodical database and China Journal Net, Academic Journal (CD) as well as periodical database of Chinese science and technology (Vip) as well as periodical, the chinese academic journal comprehensive evaluation database,RUC data center electronic version of periodicals and newspapers as well as periodical and Taiwan Hua Yi () of electronic journals database as well as periodical .
in 2007 for the first time in the assessment of the Journal of Jiangxi Province, was rated "excellent" and "Journal of in 2007 for the first time in the assessment of the Journal of Jiangxi Province, was rated "excellent" and "Journal of ." Nanchang Hangkong University (Natural Science Edition) started publication in 1987, is sponsored by Nanchang Hangkong University, The domestic public offering of comprehensive natural sciences academic quarterly journal,International: 16 " Nanchang Hangkong University (Natural Science Edition) started publication in 1987, is sponsored by Nanchang Hangkong University, The domestic public offering of comprehensive natural sciences academic quarterly journal,International: 16 .
marked by a series of "China Journal Citation Report (CJCR)" of Chinese Core Journal (Selected) Database of Chinese Scientific Journal Database by VIP () "," Statistics and Analysis of Chinese use publication "Chinese Academic Journal (Compacted Disk)" as well, but a "Chinese Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database" and the "Chinese Science Citation Database" of the source journals; in 2007, "American Chemical Abstracts (CA)" as well as in 2009, and selected Chinese core periodicals of marked by a series of "China Journal Citation Report (CJCR)" of Chinese Core Journal (Selected) Database of Chinese Scientific Journal Database by VIP () "," Statistics and Analysis of Chinese use publication "Chinese Academic Journal (Compacted Disk)" as well, but a "Chinese Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database" and the "Chinese Science Citation Database" of the source journals; in 2007, "American Chemical Abstracts (CA)" as well as in 2009, and selected Chinese core periodicals of . in 2007 for the first time in the assessment of the Journal of Jiangxi Province, was rated "excellent" and "Journal of in 2007 for the first time in the assessment of the Journal of Jiangxi Province, was rated "excellent" and "Journal of .
Cooperation And Exchange
As of May 2013, the school with the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Australia, Japan, Sweden, Ukraine, the Republic of Korea, Slovakia, Vietnam, Hong Kong universities have conducted a variety of fee structure and the like in the first half of the study - abroad programs, teachers visit and study in the form of AC As of May 2013, the school with the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Australia, Japan, Sweden, Ukraine, the Republic of Korea, Slovakia, Vietnam, Hong Kong universities have conducted a variety of fee structure and the like in the first half of the study - abroad programs, teachers visit and study in the form of AC . school in Worcester, England in cooperation with the University of Business Administration, Accounting and English three undergraduate admissions for the success of the project, with Griffith University, Australia Bachelor of Environmental Engineering teaching of Sino - foreign cooperation project of the Ministry of Education approval by school in Worcester, England in cooperation with the University of Business Administration, Accounting and English three undergraduate admissions for the success of the project, with Griffith University, Australia Bachelor of Environmental Engineering teaching of Sino - foreign cooperation project of the Ministry of Education approval by .
regularly appointed undergraduate and postgraduate students from America, Britain and South Korea, Australia,Japan, Sweden and Ukraine, as a student in the school actively regularly appointed undergraduate and postgraduate students from America, Britain and South Korea, Australia,Japan, Sweden and Ukraine, as a student in the school actively . students, took power in 2011 has the Chinese Government Scholarship for the training of qualified colleges and one school students, took power in 2011 has the Chinese Government Scholarship for the training of qualified colleges and one school .
from Canada, the Netherlands, South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Nigeria, etc.) in 15 of the 120 international students 
Campus Culture
Anthem
"Nanchang Hangkong University Anthem" lyrics we sail in Hankou, cherished the dream of the nation with aviation "Nanchang Hangkong University Anthem" lyrics we sail in Hankou, cherished the dream of the nation with aviation . we grow in Nanchang, the fly's military forces and enrich the people's hopes we grow in Nanchang, the fly's military forces and enrich the people's hopes .
Oh, Chang, Chang's Endeavour sailing!Industrious civilization, strives for realism the innovation unity of Oh, Chang, Chang's Endeavour sailing!Industrious civilization, strives for realism the innovation unity of ., , .
Rixin Ziqiang we pride our ambitions to fly Rixin Ziqiang we pride our ambitions to fly . we carry forward our cause into the future, we create our brilliant we carry forward our cause into the future, we create our brilliant .
at Changhang struggle, with service at Changhang struggle, with service . the aspirations of the people of our flight, flying the country his ideal the aspirations of the people of our flight, flying the country his ideal .
Oh, Chang, Chang Hang soar!Industrious civilization, strives for realism the innovation unity of Oh, Chang, Chang Hang soar!Industrious civilization, strives for realism the innovation unity of ., , .
Rixin Ziqiang we pride our ambitions to fly Rixin Ziqiang we pride our ambitions to fly . we carry forward our cause into the future, we create brilliant we carry forward our cause into the future, we create brilliant .
we create, we create brilliant! we create, we create brilliant!.
Motto
On new Ziqiang unity of interpretation: the terms" new day "and the" first appeared in "Shang Shu", "Book of Changes" cloud" on the new so - called Sheng, the Essence of Changes", later "college" refers to "indirect" clearly states: "If you are really dated, Everyday, daily new On new Ziqiang unity of interpretation: the terms" new day "and the" first appeared in "Shang Shu", "Book of Changes" cloud" on the new so - called Sheng, the Essence of Changes", later "college" refers to "indirect" clearly states: "If you are really dated, Everyday, daily new ." noodly Yuesheng, Dade said invasive " noodly Yuesheng, Dade said invasive .
meaning that is human. To Heaven, constantly pursue and gradually approaches the inwardness of things school notwithstanding, we must get rid of the stale and move with the times, being brave, Resting in the Utmost GoodApplication of the " school notwithstanding, we must get rid of the stale and move with the times, being brave, Resting in the Utmost GoodApplication of the ".
" New Day "is the requirement to have educated and enterprising " New Day "is the requirement to have educated and enterprising .
School Spirit
Diligence and Innovation and civilization of the Interpretation: 1985, summarize the schools' history tradition formed by 12 months of the meeting to discuss and adopt, it is determined that the "diligence, civilized, self - reliance and truth - seeking spirit" Diligence and Innovation and civilization of the Interpretation: 1985, summarize the schools' history tradition formed by 12 months of the meeting to discuss and adopt, it is determined that the "diligence, civilized, self - reliance and truth - seeking spirit" . "character." The spirit of which reflected the hard - working teachers and strict attitude to morality and unity of the civilization, but also a reflection of the school and be independent and entrepreneurial spirit of hard struggle and to respect scientific truth and pragmatic attitude of
Verein
Student Council Student Union is in the direct leadership of the CPC, under the guidance of the Nanchang aviation university mass organization to all college students, the school organization is the important part of Student Council Student Union is in the direct leadership of the CPC, under the guidance of the Nanchang aviation university mass organization to all college students, the school organization is the important part of . Student Union has progressively to create their own traditional boutique activities, mainly the "Zhenxing Cup" competitions, "Host Competition", the "style of schoolgirl" "Mock Interviews"," debate "," 3. 15 Dharmapala activist Zhou "," Campus Culture and Art Festival "
etc.
School Characteristic
It sticks and development disciplines such as engineering and aviation characteristic majors, while attaching importance to the coordinated development of It sticks and development disciplines such as engineering and aviation characteristic majors, while attaching importance to the coordinated development of . existing measurement technology and instruments such as the 10 key discipline of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Education have jointly established by the non - destructive detection technology, testing and evaluation of national aviation industry corporation, China aviation industry corporation worked material Key Laboratory of seven provincial key laboratories (research centers) project,There are 13 aircraft manufacturing engineering of provincial brand specialty, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and key construction specialties and aviation personnel training center existing measurement technology and instruments such as the 10 key discipline of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Education have jointly established by the non - destructive detection technology, testing and evaluation of national aviation industry corporation, China aviation industry corporation worked material Key Laboratory of seven provincial key laboratories (research centers) project,There are 13 aircraft manufacturing engineering of provincial brand specialty, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and key construction specialties and aviation personnel training center .
Preparation Traning French schools to adhere to and develop the traditional defense specialty, persist in "focus on Jiangxi, Face the Nation, service for the needs of national defense development to be" Preparation Traning French schools to adhere to and develop the traditional defense specialty, persist in "focus on Jiangxi, Face the Nation, service for the needs of national defense development to be" . for years, with AVIC II, China State Shipbuilding Corporation, China and the China Airborne Missile Academy, 011, and the like 621 aerospace institutions and institutes as well as the close cooperation established by the Navy of the Chinese People's Liberation Army commissioned for years, with AVIC II, China State Shipbuilding Corporation, China and the China Airborne Missile Academy, 011, and the like 621 aerospace institutions and institutes as well as the close cooperation established by the Navy of the Chinese People's Liberation Army commissioned .
,In 2003 the university established the Naval Academy, Naval ROTC training, existing on - campus ROTC 597, the Navy is relying on cultivation of the students of the vocational students in 14 schools such as the maximum of exemplary Reserve Base ,In 2003 the university established the Naval Academy, Naval ROTC training, existing on - campus ROTC 597, the Navy is relying on cultivation of the students of the vocational students in 14 schools such as the maximum of exemplary Reserve Base . schools actively launch various forms of international cooperation and exchanges with Japan, Canada, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Australia, France, Finland, the Republic of Korea have established long - term cooperative relations, and hires teachers to take up teaching posts schools actively launch various forms of international cooperation and exchanges with Japan, Canada, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Australia, France, Finland, the Republic of Korea have established long - term cooperative relations, and hires teachers to take up teaching posts .
Recent Development
In recent years, the school won the: Universities in Jiangxi Province is one of the top five units in the airline industry's contribution to the promotion of the units of the 40th anniversary of the airline industry's Advanced Unit, the Aviation Industry and the Construction of Spiritual Civilization Advanced Unit Cohesion Project, Civilized Unit in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province in Guangdong and Advanced Grassroots Party Organization, advanced unit of afforestation in Jiangxi Province, Advanced Unit of Campus Construction in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province Construction of StudentsParty Construction and Ideological and Political Work, Advanced Unit in National Model Worker Home, National Advanced Military Training Unit, etc In recent years, the school won the: Universities in Jiangxi Province is one of the top five units in the airline industry's contribution to the promotion of the units of the 40th anniversary of the airline industry's Advanced Unit, the Aviation Industry and the Construction of Spiritual Civilization Advanced Unit Cohesion Project, Civilized Unit in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province in Guangdong and Advanced Grassroots Party Organization, advanced unit of afforestation in Jiangxi Province, Advanced Unit of Campus Construction in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province Construction of StudentsParty Construction and Ideological and Political Work, Advanced Unit in National Model Worker Home, National Advanced Military Training Unit, etc . the school with the rapid development of coordination,went on to become a central and local levels of leadership and more attention of the school with the rapid development of coordination,went on to become a central and local levels of leadership and more attention of .
, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Wu Guanzheng, the other party and state leaders and the Ministry of Education, Aviation Industry Corporation II, China and Fujian Provincial Government , a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Wu Guanzheng, the other party and state leaders and the Ministry of Education, Aviation Industry Corporation II, China and Fujian Provincial Government . personally inspected the university school of social status and social influence, has welcomed its unprecedented development opportunities and a good external environment personally inspected the university school of social status and social influence, has welcomed its unprecedented development opportunities and a good external environment .
