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Friedrich 1803 on 8 July in eastern Germany and Pomerania Friedrich 1803 on 8 July in eastern Germany and Pomerania . was born in 1826, in the Netherlands Missionary Society graduate was born in 1826, in the Netherlands Missionary Society graduate .
1827 arrived in Java, the local overseas Chinese to learn the Chinese language 1827 arrived in Java, the local overseas Chinese to learn the Chinese language . via Singapore to Siam in 1828, continuing in the overseas Chinese in learning Chinese language and missionary via Singapore to Siam in 1828, continuing in the overseas Chinese in learning Chinese language and missionary .
1829 was accepted by the London allowance, to Malacca, to assist the work of the London 1829 was accepted by the London allowance, to Malacca, to assist the work of the London . 1831, transferred to Guangzhou to Macau to see Morrison, became the head of the British East India Company, and, to the Chinese coast, to gather political, economic, and military intelligence 1831, transferred to Guangzhou to Macau to see Morrison, became the head of the British East India Company, and, to the Chinese coast, to gather political, economic, and military intelligence .
February 1832,He accompanied the British East India Company's corporate espionage Lindsay (Hugh Hamilton Lindsay alias Hu Xia Mi) aboard the German ship that Baltimore - Xiamen, Fuzhou, Zhoushan, Ningbo, Weihaiwei and the like, as far as Korea, Japan, and Macau February 1832,He accompanied the British East India Company's corporate espionage Lindsay (Hugh Hamilton Lindsay alias Hu Xia Mi) aboard the German ship that Baltimore - Xiamen, Fuzhou, Zhoushan, Ningbo, Weihaiwei and the like, as far as Korea, Japan, and Macau . .
returned in September and in October of that year, he took a merchant trader jardin "air" (Sylph), north again, reaching the Northeast Niu Zhuang (today's Yingkou) returned in September and in October of that year, he took a merchant trader jardin "air" (Sylph), north again, reaching the Northeast Niu Zhuang (today's Yingkou) . according to the three times of the trip, he wrote "1831 - 1833 in three Chinese coastal sailing book" An according to the three times of the trip, he wrote "1831 - 1833 in three Chinese coastal sailing book" An .
1834,He accompanied the British East India Company tea Commission to Study the secretary Gordon (G. J. Gordon), Fujian's Wuyi tea - producing area, planted for tea and tea experts, tea and tea seed and seedling purchase result hired Megye tea division, under the guidance of Chuanxi to produce tea, bring a lot of tea seeds are planted in darjeeling, india hired Megye tea division, under the guidance of Chuanxi to produce tea, bring a lot of tea seeds are planted in darjeeling, india .
of the Opium War of 1840, he served as commander of the British forces of interpreter and guide, and under the British occupation of Dinghai county, Zhenjiang Prefecture Magistrate of the Opium War of 1840, he served as commander of the British forces of interpreter and guide, and under the British occupation of Dinghai county, Zhenjiang Prefecture Magistrate . thereafter, and his participation in the drafting of the treaty of Nanking, " thereafter, and his participation in the drafting of the treaty of Nanking, ".
1843 in Hong Kong,acted as the first Governor of Hong Kong and the Chinese Secretary Fu Hua Road 1843 in Hong Kong,acted as the first Governor of Hong Kong and the Chinese Secretary Fu Hua Road . 1844 he founded the evangelical group "Han Fu", Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan Hindus as their comrades who died in Hong Kong in 1851 1844 he founded the evangelical group "Han Fu", Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan Hindus as their comrades who died in Hong Kong in 1851 .
., Central, Hong Kong, Gutzlaff Street is commonly referred to as the "Orang - Jiao Street", is named , Central, Hong Kong, Gutzlaff Street is commonly referred to as the "Orang - Jiao Street", is named .
Fuhan will present to the wearing of Desheng moved from China to the US when Fuhan will present to the wearing of Desheng moved from China to the US when .) was a German born successfully established the China Inland Mission, He Karl Friedrich August Gutz, referred to as' the father of the ) was a German born successfully established the China Inland Mission, He Karl Friedrich August Gutz, referred to as' the father of the .
Karl Friedrich August Gutz, translated some of the "Bible", and author of "A General History of China", "China", "British History" and other books,editing and Eastern Western Monthly Magazine "magazine, Karl Friedrich August Gutz, translated some of the "Bible", and author of "A General History of China", "China", "British History" and other books,editing and Eastern Western Monthly Magazine "magazine, . 2 2.
Ready To Study In China
Friedrich Protestant revival movement under the influence, volunteered for missionary work, after training in Berlin and Rotterdam, in 1826, was assigned to the Asian missionary Friedrich Protestant revival movement under the influence, volunteered for missionary work, after training in Berlin and Rotterdam, in 1826, was assigned to the Asian missionary . because of the Qing Dynasty. The forbidden to preach, he increased his activities for much of the
however, Friedrich is the one who reported negative person, he determined to make the most of our efforts to open China Behind closed doors, to the Chinese people to teach the Christian gospel "In order to achieve one day however, Friedrich is the one who reported negative person, he determined to make the most of our efforts to open China Behind closed doors, to the Chinese people to teach the Christian gospel "In order to achieve one day . missionary sent to china's wishes he study Chinese soon learned Cantonese and Hokkien missionary sent to china's wishes he study Chinese soon learned Cantonese and Hokkien .
And to show that Chinese people are friendly towards China and acquisition of self - respectHe also took up the pseudonym for some, such as" Love of Han ", i.e. love the Chinese people; the" deep one ", i.e., diligent and ethical person. he said to himself that he has joined a clan and become China's Fujian Province of Fujian citizens he said to himself that he has joined a clan and become China's Fujian Province of Fujian citizens .
when accessing, for his continuous introduction is the Fujian coastal villagers when accessing, for his continuous introduction is the Fujian coastal villagers . in his first trip, and he's wearing local clothes and even the Hokkiens wearing turbans," he's just like a Chinese person, so the Chinese people often think he is dressed as a "foreigner of the Han" (William Hendricks: "Guangzhou on the Record") Friedrich in his first trip, and he's wearing local clothes and even the Hokkiens wearing turbans," he's just like a Chinese person, so the Chinese people often think he is dressed as a "foreigner of the Han" (William Hendricks: "Guangzhou on the Record") Friedrich .
once said, "urging him to put the rest of China's service, he never ask" (J. G. Cruz:Cleric and diplomat Friedrich "Opium War", "Small History" 17) Friedrich. Really?He's service life is not China but the British
through his spies and dry opium smuggling and so on and so forth, are for the service of the British Invasion, "despite the fact that the traditional Prussian Friedrich has, he has put himself so well integrated with the British, but many of his western novels have been written in the English language that through his spies and dry opium smuggling and so on and so forth, are for the service of the British Invasion, "despite the fact that the traditional Prussian Friedrich has, he has put himself so well integrated with the British, but many of his western novels have been written in the English language that . When he used the Chinese expression or introduce policies, our word 'he usually refers to the English, not German," (ibid.)
Friedrich is the actual invasion of Britain as a pawn by Friedrich is the actual invasion of Britain as a pawn by .
Activities In China
Invasion Of Missionary
Friedrich is first and foremost a missionary, he came off the Chinese coast, in defiance of government bans on Christianity, took every opportunity to preach in China, so Chinese Friedrich is first and foremost a missionary, he came off the Chinese coast, in defiance of government bans on Christianity, took every opportunity to preach in China, so Chinese . tried to make him more effective missionary, preaching, and the mixture is allowed to practice medicine, in order to practice to tell God's favor tried to make him more effective missionary, preaching, and the mixture is allowed to practice medicine, in order to practice to tell God's favor .
He identified himself with some simple dissemination of brochures and Christian missionary He identified himself with some simple dissemination of brochures and Christian missionary . he targeted, sailor, businessmen and ordinary peasant he targeted, sailor, businessmen and ordinary peasant .
he voraciously learning Chinese, is to get better as close to them, they are far from being a pure he voraciously learning Chinese, is to get better as close to them, they are far from being a pure . Friedrich Christian, missionary,completely Western invasion of Friedrich Christian, missionary,completely Western invasion of .
service he has said, "the Chinese people constitute the third part, in all of its neighbors in Asia to expand the influence, and keen to get a lot of stupid religion, but they cannot be expected to rid themselves of the shackles which lead us to a perpetuation of God must come from the external pressure, then the power directly from God" (ibid.)
although he considers the impetus comes from God, but serve as a tool of God is an Englishman, although he considers the impetus comes from God, but serve as a tool of God is an Englishman, . he has mentioned in his book: "To eliminate since her (Chinese) people of isolation to the outside world in the hurdles, the Englishman will enjoy themselves, in which the power of"(ibid) he has mentioned in his book: "To eliminate since her (Chinese) people of isolation to the outside world in the hurdles, the Englishman will enjoy themselves, in which the power of"(ibid) .
Friedrich is a British invasion from Christian sermons in search of a theory according to Friedrich is a British invasion from Christian sermons in search of a theory according to .
Tobacconists From Opium
Friedrich is a tobacconists from opium in the Friedrich is a tobacconists from opium in the . uk - led coalition of Western aggressors crazy opium to China in the 1920s, Friedrich unwilling lonely desert, actively engaged in the smuggling of opium, which made big profits uk - led coalition of Western aggressors crazy opium to China in the 1920s, Friedrich unwilling lonely desert, actively engaged in the smuggling of opium, which made big profits .
conscience, morality, behavior once condemned conscience, morality, behavior once condemned . once accused his opium addiction, is debilitating, he have a conscience but once accused his opium addiction, is debilitating, he have a conscience but .
opium that lure of significant profits, that led him to abandon his own conscience, in preaching the gospel to opium smuggling trade, "he conducted with tremendous enthusiasm and smuggling to missionary work in two areas" (ibid.) he mastered Chinese, Chinese are familiar with the geography, folk customs, etc.He's more to smuggling and trafficking of opium and create good conditions to the extent that many British opium traders are willing to cooperate with him
in the opium trade in the most active of large opium traders William's former home, Chawton had instructed his captain said: "You will be pleased with the change of all issues related to consult Dr. Friedrich, in his language and Chinese characters of his knowledge, to develop and implement your plan is of great benefit for for our benefit, we must be very well aware of the enthusiasm from for our benefit, we must be very well aware of the enthusiasm from .
He is opium traffickers provide inquiry service,Help them develop plans to smuggle opium He is opium traffickers provide inquiry service,Help them develop plans to smuggle opium . however he such a service is not free of however he such a service is not free of .
one opium traders, said: "I was Friedrich of three days to pay the $1,000" (ibid.) Friedrich opium smuggling by the role it plays in the reap the big profits can be inferred from this Friedrich opium smuggling by the role it plays in the reap the big profits can be inferred from this .
Friedrich opium against mercenary practices by implicit or Friedrich opium against mercenary practices by implicit or . victims of blunt criticism of the Chinese contemptuously to ask him, why did followers of Jesus accepted, evil will bring to China?Although many of the missionaries as Friedrich as involved in the opium traffic, but there is still some integrity of the missionaries with their behaviors expressed its strong displeasure, saying they undermined the Opium trade victims of blunt criticism of the Chinese contemptuously to ask him, why did followers of Jesus accepted, evil will bring to China?Although many of the missionaries as Friedrich as involved in the opium traffic, but there is still some integrity of the missionaries with their behaviors expressed its strong displeasure, saying they undermined the Opium trade .
missionaries preach and persuade people to be good, while engaged in the smuggling of opium is being nasty, it is highly paradoxical that Friedrich missionaries preach and persuade people to be good, while engaged in the smuggling of opium is being nasty, it is highly paradoxical that Friedrich . they are clothed in the cloak of religion to engage in trade activities, with a view to its conclusion: Friedrich will serve as" a humanitarian with opium to reach the most surprising is the degree of sharpness of the people in mind "(ibid.)
Friedrich will forever be nailed to the pillory Friedrich will forever be nailed to the pillory . sin sin.
British Spy
Friedrich was a British spy Friedrich was a British spy . he conducted hydrographic surveys in coastal China, the multi - terrain, drawing nautical maps, investigated the property and commerce, to gather political, military, economic and other aspects of intelligence, the British government to provide for the adoption of the he conducted hydrographic surveys in coastal China, the multi - terrain, drawing nautical maps, investigated the property and commerce, to gather political, military, economic and other aspects of intelligence, the British government to provide for the adoption of the .
Friedrich also directly participated in the breakout of the Opium War Hu Xia Mi in surveillance activities along china s coasts and in the formulation of a military invasion scheme Friedrich also directly participated in the breakout of the Opium War Hu Xia Mi in surveillance activities along china s coasts and in the formulation of a military invasion scheme . 1832 (twelve years), the East India Company in Guangzhou in large class Charlie Mutch Banks dispatched employee Hu Xia Mi to coastal China carried out careful reconnaissance, to collect the entire Chinese coastline aspects of intelligence,ready to sell opium, the British government and prepare for conquering China, in order not to 1832 (twelve years), the East India Company in Guangzhou in large class Charlie Mutch Banks dispatched employee Hu Xia Mi to coastal China carried out careful reconnaissance, to collect the entire Chinese coastline aspects of intelligence,ready to sell opium, the British government and prepare for conquering China, in order not to .
China revealed that the activities of the attempt, they all name China revealed that the activities of the attempt, they all name . Hu Xia Mi, also known as Lindsay, pretending to be the owner of Hu Xia Mi, also known as Lindsay, pretending to be the owner of .
Friedrich as active member of the translator and doctor, renamed Jiali Friedrich as active member of the translator and doctor, renamed Jiali . 1832 on Feb. 26, 2008, Hu Xia Mi of 78 people were aboard the "Drummond" sailed from Macau and beginning a long investigation, which passes through Nan 'ao Island, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai, Weihai, and complex bend into North Korea, Okinawa, on 4 September, then returned to Macau
seeking to help them along the way, it is tempting to believers,And for the distribution of "gambling", "Lies" and" Anglia countries and with the character of the affairs of the state, he said, "the booklet or the like, to the Chinese people to carry on propaganda and seeking to help them along the way, it is tempting to believers,And for the distribution of "gambling", "Lies" and" Anglia countries and with the character of the affairs of the state, he said, "the booklet or the like, to the Chinese people to carry on propaganda and . The real owners of Inverness is specifically measured along the river, creek, drawing nautical maps - - such as The real owners of Inverness is specifically measured along the river, creek, drawing nautical maps - - such as .
Hu Xia Mi, Friedrich this reconnaissance activities, as the British army has provided the first reliable intelligence Hu Xia Mi, Friedrich this reconnaissance activities, as the British army has provided the first reliable intelligence . they investigated other than Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai and other trade in and out of the case and concluded that to expand trade, must be open in the north - east trade they investigated other than Shenzhen and Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai and other trade in and out of the case and concluded that to expand trade, must be open in the north - east trade .
how open outside Guangzhou trade situation?Friedrich believed: "The adoption of the negotiated approach, it will not be given any results", but settled by force, which can be reached how open outside Guangzhou trade situation?Friedrich believed: "The adoption of the negotiated approach, it will not be given any results", but settled by force, which can be reached . argues that China's defense is vulnerable," by the size of the substance that is different from the thousands of ships of the fleet consists of the whole China, they cannot support all of the (British) a warship "(Nan:" Before the Opium War the British ship "by Alexei Themis Said is in surveillance activities along china s coasts") argues that China's defense is vulnerable," by the size of the substance that is different from the thousands of ships of the fleet consists of the whole China, they cannot support all of the (British) a warship "(Nan:" Before the Opium War the British ship "by Alexei Themis Said is in surveillance activities along china s coasts") .
The coastal reconnaissance after the East India Company developed a military invasion, and became a member of the Opium War when British operations plan according to The coastal reconnaissance after the East India Company developed a military invasion, and became a member of the Opium War when British operations plan according to .
Participated In The Invasion Of China
Friedrich was a British invasion of China, the main actor in the Friedrich was a British invasion of China, the main actor in the . in 1835, he accepted the UK China Business Supervision of Chinese secretarial jobs, and more directly to become a member of the British invaders in 1835, he accepted the UK China Business Supervision of Chinese secretarial jobs, and more directly to become a member of the British invaders .
He of the Opium War of Battle of Kowloon was the main perpetrators of He of the Opium War of Battle of Kowloon was the main perpetrators of . 5 September 1839, Lin Zexu and recognizance trade policy to oppose Elliot with Friedrich interpreters, led an army of only 5 of a flotilla of warships reached the Kowloon Bay 5 September 1839, Lin Zexu and recognizance trade policy to oppose Elliot with Friedrich interpreters, led an army of only 5 of a flotilla of warships reached the Kowloon Bay .
Friedrich I and two sailors, accompanied by a boat and go ashore, to submit him in Chinese for Elliot to write a letter threatening to disclose, if China does not supply the British fleets to the food,it may be subject to the British force as punishment for the chinese navy officers and follow Friedrich I and two sailors, accompanied by a boat and go ashore, to submit him in Chinese for Elliot to write a letter threatening to disclose, if China does not supply the British fleets to the food,it may be subject to the British force as punishment for the chinese navy officers and follow . Lin Zexu (a patriotic Qing Dynasty indicate that denied their request, to the ship the navy ship fired the shots I Lin Zexu (a patriotic Qing Dynasty indicate that denied their request, to the ship the navy ship fired the shots I .
Chinese navy warships and Kowloon fort was forced to fight back, this is the Battle of Kowloon Chinese navy warships and Kowloon fort was forced to fight back, this is the Battle of Kowloon . Chinese patriotic officers and men to the aggressor a heavy blow, Elliot, Friedrich Marmee Chinese patriotic officers and men to the aggressor a heavy blow, Elliot, Friedrich Marmee .
after the outbreak of the Opium War, Friedrich served as the Chief of the BEF in army of the English translation after the outbreak of the Opium War, Friedrich served as the Chief of the BEF in army of the English translation . due to operational officers and soldiers who did not know Chinese, the translation of important work, a lot of important tasks due to operational officers and soldiers who did not know Chinese, the translation of important work, a lot of important tasks .
with members of the chinese military and civilian officials of the negotiation, Quartermaster of the supply,The informative collection of and on the management of the city is governed by the interpreters to bear with members of the chinese military and civilian officials of the negotiation, Quartermaster of the supply,The informative collection of and on the management of the city is governed by the interpreters to bear . 1840 Jul. 5, the british attack Dinghai
Friedrich from opium on the operators for the fleet consists of the pilot with navigation information, and he used it before in the coastal waters of the port city and experience, participated in a reconnaissance expedition, collect relevant military arrangement, which may attack the military facilities and location terrain of intelligence, he delivered an ultimatum and military officers in negotiations with China, asking China to surrender to avoid an attack where he joined the first batch of Friedrich from opium on the operators for the fleet consists of the pilot with navigation information, and he used it before in the coastal waters of the port city and experience, participated in a reconnaissance expedition, collect relevant military arrangement, which may attack the military facilities and location terrain of intelligence, he delivered an ultimatum and military officers in negotiations with China, asking China to surrender to avoid an attack where he joined the first batch of . shelling the landing force, brought notice to placate its people "(J. G. Cruz:cleric and diplomat Friedrich "Opium War")
Friedrich was appointed magistrate of Dinghai county, he entered Dinghai county yamen, the original sitting in China with a fortune of Kochi to Kochi in the name of the Chinese people to call the shots Friedrich was appointed magistrate of Dinghai county, he entered Dinghai county yamen, the original sitting in China with a fortune of Kochi to Kochi in the name of the Chinese people to call the shots . later. With the development of the war, he served in the British occupation of the few places do civil governments
August 1842, the British were driven to Nanking, the Qing government to the British surrender, the end of the Opium War August 1842, the British were driven to Nanking, the Qing government to the British surrender, the end of the Opium War . Friedrich attended the "Nanjing Treaty" of the final negotiations and negotiating conference, from the Qing government to snatch the many privileges Friedrich attended the "Nanjing Treaty" of the final negotiations and negotiating conference, from the Qing government to snatch the many privileges .
Friedrich is such a mission,opium smuggling and espionage to the trinity of economic figures, under the cloak of religion of aggressors Friedrich is such a mission,opium smuggling and espionage to the trinity of economic figures, under the cloak of religion of aggressors . Arthur Willey says Friedrich as" priests and bandits, quacks and geniuses, philanthropist and a cheater and complex " Arthur Willey says Friedrich as" priests and bandits, quacks and geniuses, philanthropist and a cheater and complex ".
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