Overview
The Great Barrier Reef, 7 in Queensland, Australia) with a total area of 20 square kilometres, is the world's largest coral reef area, one of the world seven nature landscape, Australians are very proud of the The Great Barrier Reef, 7 in Queensland, Australia) with a total area of 20 square kilometres, is the world's largest coral reef area, one of the world seven nature landscape, Australians are very proud of the . natural landscape is also referred to as a "transparent clear sea Wild Kingdom" found in northeast Australia natural landscape is also referred to as a "transparent clear sea Wild Kingdom" found in northeast Australia .
the Coral Sea off Queensland, north from the Torres Strait, and south to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn (the parallel south latitude to about 10 - 24),A substantial portion of these by the Great Barrier Reef is responsible for the protection of the the Coral Sea off Queensland, north from the Torres Strait, and south to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn (the parallel south latitude to about 10 - 24),A substantial portion of these by the Great Barrier Reef is responsible for the protection of the . 10 Great Barrier Reef off the coast of the southern tip of the furthest 241 kilometers, which is closer to the north, recently at only 16 kilometers from the coast 10 Great Barrier Reef off the coast of the southern tip of the furthest 241 kilometers, which is closer to the north, recently at only 16 kilometers from the coast .
In the ebb, the part of the formation of coral atolls surface In the ebb, the part of the formation of coral atolls surface . reef in the group with the coast is a highly convenient transportation routes to the sea is calm reef in the group with the coast is a highly convenient transportation routes to the sea is calm .
, represented in by the government, the ship under centuries of colorful, coral - shaped much of the scenery, it attracts tourists from around the world become curious to watch the best marine wonders , represented in by the government, the ship under centuries of colorful, coral - shaped much of the scenery, it attracts tourists from around the world become curious to watch the best marine wonders . 3 Great Barrier Reef off the coast of the southern tip of the furthest 241 kilometers, which is closer to the north,Recently at only 16 kilometers from the coast 3 Great Barrier Reef off the coast of the southern tip of the furthest 241 kilometers, which is closer to the north,Recently at only 16 kilometers from the coast .
In the ebb, the part of the formation of coral atolls surface In the ebb, the part of the formation of coral atolls surface . reef in the group with the coast is a highly convenient transportation routes to the sea is calm reef in the group with the coast is a highly convenient transportation routes to the sea is calm .
, represented in by the government, the ship under centuries of colorful, coral - shaped much of the scenery, it attracts tourists from around the world become curious to watch the best marine wonders , represented in by the government, the ship under centuries of colorful, coral - shaped much of the scenery, it attracts tourists from around the world become curious to watch the best marine wonders . here is home to over 400 different types of coral reefs, including the largest coral, 1500 species of fish, 4,000 species of mollusks, aggregation of 242 species of birds, is of exceptional scientific research condition,Here is some of the endangered animal species, such as a human, fish and giant green turtles and the habitats of the Great Barrier Reef is here is home to over 400 different types of coral reefs, including the largest coral, 1500 species of fish, 4,000 species of mollusks, aggregation of 242 species of birds, is of exceptional scientific research condition,Here is some of the endangered animal species, such as a human, fish and giant green turtles and the habitats of the Great Barrier Reef is .
by billions of tiny coral polyps for, is the largest object, even on the moon is also clearly visible Yuanwang by billions of tiny coral polyps for, is the largest object, even on the moon is also clearly visible Yuanwang . due to create a wealth of biological diversity, and in 1981 was listed as a World Heritage site, was left with CNN, was chosen by the seven natural wonders of the world due to create a wealth of biological diversity, and in 1981 was listed as a World Heritage site, was left with CNN, was chosen by the seven natural wonders of the world .
most areas are on the Great Barrier Reef and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park under protection. This, in turn, reduces the impact of human beings, like fisheries, tourism, etc but still there are other environmental factors affect the Great Barrier Reef,If runoff or climate change - induced coral bleaching and Acanthaster planci but still there are other environmental factors affect the Great Barrier Reef,If runoff or climate change - induced coral bleaching and Acanthaster planci .
periodic increases in Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art from about 15,000 years ago, they and the Great Barrier Reef since, either cultural or spiritual influence in their periodic increases in Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art from about 15,000 years ago, they and the Great Barrier Reef since, either cultural or spiritual influence in their . Great Barrier Reef is also a fairly popular destination, especially in the Whitsunday Islands and Cairns regions Great Barrier Reef is also a fairly popular destination, especially in the Whitsunday Islands and Cairns regions .
tourism is an important economic activity here, about $10 billion of output value tourism is an important economic activity here, about $10 billion of output value .
Traffic
Great Barrier Reef, Brisbane 1100 kilometers, a distance of 600 km / h Great Barrier Reef, Brisbane 1100 kilometers, a distance of 600 km / h . Keynesian domestic cities such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and flights will arrive at the Great Barrier Reef, in addition, Proserpine railway through the Great Barrier Reef, along the Bruce Highway within reach to the Great Barrier Reef Keynesian domestic cities such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and flights will arrive at the Great Barrier Reef, in addition, Proserpine railway through the Great Barrier Reef, along the Bruce Highway within reach to the Great Barrier Reef .
Geographic Location
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia of Queensland to the east, the Gulf of Papua and the Tropic of Capricorn with tropical waters, the Pacific Coral Sea in the west, the line stretches off the northeast coast of Australia on the continental shelf, from Torres Strait to the north, south to the fraser island nearby, northeast along the Australian coastline and more than 2000, 20 ~ 240 km wide from west to east by the Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef in Australia of Queensland to the east, the Gulf of Papua and the Tropic of Capricorn with tropical waters, the Pacific Coral Sea in the west, the line stretches off the northeast coast of Australia on the continental shelf, from Torres Strait to the north, south to the fraser island nearby, northeast along the Australian coastline and more than 2000, 20 ~ 240 km wide from west to east by the Great Barrier Reef . 3,000 different stages of coral reefs, atolls, reefs and lagoons, the " 3,000 different stages of coral reefs, atolls, reefs and lagoons, the ".
" for spectacular was the world's most beautiful scenery, the largest collection of coral reefs, covering a total of 20. 7 million square kilometres (another information:With a total area of 8 sq km) north it arranged as chains, 16 to 20 km wide; the southern spread as wide as arranged as chains, 16 to 20 km wide; the southern spread as wide as .
240 kilometers north of the Toledo Strait, south to Fraser Island near the Great Barrier Reef, up to 2000 km on the north by 240 kilometers north of the Toledo Strait, south to Fraser Island near the Great Barrier Reef, up to 2000 km on the north by . whose width is less than 2 km, stretching southward to 150 km above sea level, about the size of 2,900 reefs, with a total floor area of 20 square kilometres in the whose width is less than 2 km, stretching southward to 150 km above sea level, about the size of 2,900 reefs, with a total floor area of 20 square kilometres in the .
Great Barrier Reef at low tide, some 8 km of the reef exposed to the surface, and a rising tide, the seawater is masked most of the reef body, leaving only a plurality of hidden reefs Mandrax Huxian Great Barrier Reef at low tide, some 8 km of the reef exposed to the surface, and a rising tide, the seawater is masked most of the reef body, leaving only a plurality of hidden reefs Mandrax Huxian . 600 600.
Waters
Great Barrier Reef waters, about the size of more than 600 islands and stretches of 2400 km, of which Green, Dan customer Island, a magnet Island, Helen Island, Hamilton Island, Lizard Island, more famous Great Barrier Reef waters, about the size of more than 600 islands and stretches of 2400 km, of which Green, Dan customer Island, a magnet Island, Helen Island, Hamilton Island, Lizard Island, more famous . Part of the Great Barrier Reef islands, is submerged in the sea of mountain peak Part of the Great Barrier Reef islands, is submerged in the sea of mountain peak .
overlooking the Great Barrier Reef, like the surging sea of green blooming gem general overlooking the Great Barrier Reef, like the surging sea of green blooming gem general . these unique islands have now been opened up to tourism, annually attract countless tourists these unique islands have now been opened up to tourism, annually attract countless tourists .
Residents
in addition to the indigenous, white Australians also scattered in islands near in addition to the indigenous, white Australians also scattered in islands near . tourism here is very developed, and become the important source of support for the tourism here is very developed, and become the important source of support for the .
avers, the Great Barrier Reef, particularly its northern region, living in the country's west and northwest of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander culture has had a significant impact, and in addition there is for people to watch the painting galleries and over 30 famous historical sites, dating back to 1791 avers, the Great Barrier Reef, particularly its northern region, living in the country's west and northwest of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander culture has had a significant impact, and in addition there is for people to watch the painting galleries and over 30 famous historical sites, dating back to 1791 .
History
Great Barrier Reef was formed in the Miocene period, 2500 years have elapsed since the history of the area it Great Barrier Reef was formed in the Miocene period, 2500 years have elapsed since the history of the area it . .
and growing it is after the last ice age, sea level rise of low - cost position in ten thousand years after the formation of and growing it is after the last ice age, sea level rise of low - cost position in ten thousand years after the formation of . 1606, Spaniard Fernando Torres in Queensland at the north end of the storm - beaten, navigated the Torres Strait (Selat discoverer) 1606, Spaniard Fernando Torres in Queensland at the north end of the storm - beaten, navigated the Torres Strait (Selat discoverer) .
here in 1770, the British ship "efforts" in the reef and ran aground between mainland, hit a hole in the Captain Cook retained there here in 1770, the British ship "efforts" in the reef and ran aground between mainland, hit a hole in the Captain Cook retained there . 1789, Captain Bligh led a" bounty "No loyalty to his crew, sailed along the rapids of the tumbling rock arrived 1789, Captain Bligh led a" bounty "No loyalty to his crew, sailed along the rapids of the tumbling rock arrived .
the calm waters of the Great Barrier Reef is the world's most dynamic and most intact ecosystems but also balancing it the calm waters of the Great Barrier Reef is the world's most dynamic and most intact ecosystems but also balancing it . .
If for the most fragile aspects where there is a threat to the entire system would be a calamity for If for the most fragile aspects where there is a threat to the entire system would be a calamity for . in the 20th century, due to the mining of guano, a large number of fishing and whaling on a massive scale of the trepang trade and pearl fishing, etc., have scarred Australia Great Barrier Reef
now has this area, the park has put an end to such activities, tourist projects and the activities of the now has this area, the park has put an end to such activities, tourist projects and the activities of the . control control.
Attractions
Lighthouse
Due to the Great Barrier Reef daunting terrain, fortified with a large number of Aids to Navigation, some have become famous historical sites, while the reinforcement is still a role to play in these Due to the Great Barrier Reef daunting terrain, fortified with a large number of Aids to Navigation, some have become famous historical sites, while the reinforcement is still a role to play in these . Aids to Navigation and navigation role while also became a popular ornamental landscape Aids to Navigation and navigation role while also became a popular ornamental landscape .
Whitsunday Island
The Whitsunday Island () is the Great Barrier Reef waters, 74 small islands composition from your beautiful earth The Whitsunday Island () is the Great Barrier Reef waters, 74 small islands composition from your beautiful earth . 1 1.
Marvelous Coral
Great Barrier Reef by more than 400 kinds of colorful coral,, most of the submerged reef at low tide when the reef top Great Barrier Reef by more than 400 kinds of colorful coral,, most of the submerged reef at low tide when the reef top . slightly exposed corals usually largely hidden in water, and when the tide is only slightly exposed reef crest slightly exposed corals usually largely hidden in water, and when the tide is only slightly exposed reef crest .
colors to staghorn coral reefs, glossy ganoderma, lotus leaf, seaweed - shaped in the sea - floor spreading at such a beautiful colors to staghorn coral reefs, glossy ganoderma, lotus leaf, seaweed - shaped in the sea - floor spreading at such a beautiful . here there are over 400 different types of coral reefs, which include the world's largest coral reef here there are over 400 different types of coral reefs, which include the world's largest coral reef .
There are about 350 species of coral and jellyfish, coral polyps of each with a ring of tentacles around the mouth, absorb calcium carbonate from seawater, become calcified shell,Numerous housing accumulates to coral reef There are about 350 species of coral and jellyfish, coral polyps of each with a ring of tentacles around the mouth, absorb calcium carbonate from seawater, become calcified shell,Numerous housing accumulates to coral reef .
Marine Life
Great Barrier Reef waters held about 1,500 species of tropical marine fish, butterfly fish, damsel fish, lion fish, print - head fish, stone fish, angel fish, parrot fish and other various tropical fishes Great Barrier Reef waters held about 1,500 species of tropical marine fish, butterfly fish, damsel fish, lion fish, print - head fish, stone fish, angel fish, parrot fish and other various tropical fishes . in the Great Barrier Reef also has 4000 kinds of echinoderms and molluscs and other aquatic life, such as sea cucumbers, starfish, sea anemones, worms, sponges, sea slugs, jellyfish, tube worms, sea urchins, sea squirts, and jellyfish, shrimps, phyletic and various, colorful in the Great Barrier Reef also has 4000 kinds of echinoderms and molluscs and other aquatic life, such as sea cucumbers, starfish, sea anemones, worms, sponges, sea slugs, jellyfish, tube worms, sea urchins, sea squirts, and jellyfish, shrimps, phyletic and various, colorful .
certain endangered animal species, such as a human, fish and giant green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) also habitat and,has a very high scientific research value certain endangered animal species, such as a human, fish and giant green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) also habitat and,has a very high scientific research value . outer reef in the deepwater area is a habitat for dolphins and whales and other mammals in the Great Barrier Reef outer reef in the deepwater area is a habitat for dolphins and whales and other mammals in the Great Barrier Reef .
of the out - of - way, most of the Great White and Tiger is time in waiting for the dolphins and turtles of the out - of - way, most of the Great White and Tiger is time in waiting for the dolphins and turtles . atolls are countless seabirds habitat, flocks of seagulls, is the Great Barrier Reef has increased the infinite vitality atolls are countless seabirds habitat, flocks of seagulls, is the Great Barrier Reef has increased the infinite vitality .
gather here, gather here, . 240 There are birds such as terns, black terns, gulls, fulmar (1 h), frigatebirds, boobies, sea eagle and so often in the reef surface 240 There are birds such as terns, black terns, gulls, fulmar (1 h), frigatebirds, boobies, sea eagle and so often in the reef surface .
coral reef communities within the noisy environment, and its depth, temperature, clarity, tranquility and the types of foods that vary with location,Therefore thousands of species of living organisms are able to find the required environment for the survival of coral reef communities within the noisy environment, and its depth, temperature, clarity, tranquility and the types of foods that vary with location,Therefore thousands of species of living organisms are able to find the required environment for the survival of . an estimated 1,400 kinds of fish, crustaceans and shellfish, sea anemones, worms, sponges and in the Great Barrier Reef and around the home; only 10 percent of the coral sea cucumber an estimated 1,400 kinds of fish, crustaceans and shellfish, sea anemones, worms, sponges and in the Great Barrier Reef and around the home; only 10 percent of the coral sea cucumber .
spit out the shells and finely divided grains of sand on the Sinking Submarine, will fill the coral base of the cracks, on the protection of the reef which is pivotal in the spit out the shells and finely divided grains of sand on the Sinking Submarine, will fill the coral base of the cracks, on the protection of the reef which is pivotal in the .
Underwater World
Both the outer reef dive where Both the outer reef dive where . worlds it generally refers to a distance that is far from the coast, facing the deep - sea coral reef populations off worlds it generally refers to a distance that is far from the coast, facing the deep - sea coral reef populations off .
here due to the trench, the deep sea, most clear water quality, fish and corals of the variety here due to the trench, the deep sea, most clear water quality, fish and corals of the variety . sunny when underwater visibility of up to 20 metres deep to the outer reef diving sunny when underwater visibility of up to 20 metres deep to the outer reef diving .
, there are advantages to experience a truly natural eco - environment of the Great Barrier Reef , there are advantages to experience a truly natural eco - environment of the Great Barrier Reef . 1 1.
World Cultural Heritage
In 1975 the Australian Government enacted the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act was proposed to establish, control, protection and development of Ocean Park, in which the GBR, 98. 5% of the area range, the Ocean Park established to protect local culture and play an important role, but also with the local aboriginal life 1981 the entire area is delineated in the World Heritage List in 1981 the entire area is delineated in the World Heritage List in .
Endangered Causes
In August 2010 the UN global endangered tourist attractions, is currently ranked as the first In August 2010 the UN global endangered tourist attractions, is currently ranked as the first . 1 Great Barrier Reef's environmental pressures include: 1 Great Barrier Reef's environmental pressures include:.
Water Quality
water quality from runoff including suspended sediment, excess nutrients, pesticides, and fluctuations in salinity water quality from runoff including suspended sediment, excess nutrients, pesticides, and fluctuations in salinity . water quality problem in 1989 for the first time as the Great Barrier Reef is threatened by factors that affect the health of coral reefs water quality problem in 1989 for the first time as the Great Barrier Reef is threatened by factors that affect the health of coral reefs .
major water quality variables are the water temperature, salinity, nutrient content, suspended sediment concentration and the concentration of pesticide major water quality variables are the water temperature, salinity, nutrient content, suspended sediment concentration and the concentration of pesticide . in the Great Barrier Reef region of this graft is able to adapt its change in water quality, however, once such variance exceeds a critical threshold, the decision on biological adversely affect emissions in the Great Barrier Reef region of this graft is able to adapt its change in water quality, however, once such variance exceeds a critical threshold, the decision on biological adversely affect emissions .
River is the biggest source of nutrients, in tropical flood broke out on the reef caused great pollution, this pollution from farm River is the biggest source of nutrients, in tropical flood broke out on the reef caused great pollution, this pollution from farm . 90% 90%.
Climate Change
The impacts of climate change, such as temperatures rise, coral bleaching and storm weather phenomenon The impacts of climate change, such as temperatures rise, coral bleaching and storm weather phenomenon . oceanographer said, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions to save the natural wonders of hope has been dashed oceanographer said, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions to save the natural wonders of hope has been dashed .
Australian Oceanographic Institute's chief oceanographer Charlie Wo Long has stated that global warming will be in 20 years time within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Australian Oceanographic Institute's chief oceanographer Charlie Wo Long has stated that global warming will be in 20 years time within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage . in this lost world wildlife expert meeting, Sir David Attenborough has warned that, if not drastically reduce carbon dioxide levels, all the world's tropical coral reefs, will suffer in the near future "," The Destruction of the destiny.
Acanthaster Planci
the periodicity of the crown - of - thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci is a coral - eating predators the periodicity of the crown - of - thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci is a coral - eating predators . attaching themselves to the coral reefs, and an end portion of the stomach is extruded out of the body, cover the coral, then release digestive enzymes into the liquefied coral larvae suck out attaching themselves to the coral reefs, and an end portion of the stomach is extruded out of the body, cover the coral, then release digestive enzymes into the liquefied coral larvae suck out .
adult of Acanthaster planci can devour in one year 6 square meters of living corals adult of Acanthaster planci can devour in one year 6 square meters of living corals .
Overfishing
Overfishing resulting in destruction of the food chain, humans' cornerstone species (Keystone species such as sharks and Charonia tritonis unsustainable overfishing, the destruction of coral reefs which are important for the food chain Overfishing resulting in destruction of the food chain, humans' cornerstone species (Keystone species such as sharks and Charonia tritonis unsustainable overfishing, the destruction of coral reefs which are important for the food chain . fishing activities but also to coral reefs were affected: fishing has increased pollution from ships, with nets, anchors, fishing nets when fishing also caught some bycatch (such as dolphins and turtles) caused on the coral reef habitat destruction fishing activities but also to coral reefs were affected: fishing has increased pollution from ships, with nets, anchors, fishing nets when fishing also caught some bycatch (such as dolphins and turtles) caused on the coral reef habitat destruction .
Water Temperature Rise
A new Australian study is confirmed, the Great Barrier Reef waters are heating up, wherein the water south to warmer sea temperatures by 0.5 degrees Celsius researchers believe that sea temperatures are elevated are indicative of increased risk of death of the coral researchers believe that sea temperatures are elevated are indicative of increased risk of death of the coral .
that experts believe will changes in this area and the surrounding area of the eco - environment effect of that experts believe will changes in this area and the surrounding area of the eco - environment effect of . 4 4.
Other
shipping lanes from the oil spills or improper ballast discharge also damage the reef will shipping lanes from the oil spills or improper ballast discharge also damage the reef will . 2 2.
Endangered Situation
In October 2012 the Australian Institute of Marine Science, found that the Great Barrier Reef coral lost in last 27 years in half In October 2012 the Australian Institute of Marine Science, found that the Great Barrier Reef coral lost in last 27 years in half . scientists on 2 October, issued a report warning that, through coral disappearance speed faster than the original prediction of, if such trends continue, by 2022 through coral will reduce, will reduce the biodiversity in the investigation of scientists on 2 October, issued a report warning that, through coral disappearance speed faster than the original prediction of, if such trends continue, by 2022 through coral will reduce, will reduce the biodiversity in the investigation of .
214 at the coral reef, the coral cover from 28 percent in 1985 to 2012 of 13. 8%, only 3 were not affected at / 05 / 2013,The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Union for Conservation of Nature released on Great Barrier Reef environment assessment report, pointed out that the Australian authorities on the Great Barrier Reef water quality improvement of the management lack intensity, there would be no need for the stop on the Great Barrier Reef will adversely affect the development of the United Nations that are members of the / 05 / 2013,The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Union for Conservation of Nature released on Great Barrier Reef environment assessment report, pointed out that the Australian authorities on the Great Barrier Reef water quality improvement of the management lack intensity, there would be no need for the stop on the Great Barrier Reef will adversely affect the development of the United Nations that are members of the .
hopes Australia will take effective measures to protect the Great Barrier Reef water quality of the environment, especially on the related development plans evaluated carefully hopes Australia will take effective measures to protect the Great Barrier Reef water quality of the environment, especially on the related development plans evaluated carefully . as" improve the quality of the Great Barrier Reef, for inclusion in the list of endangered World Heritage as" improve the quality of the Great Barrier Reef, for inclusion in the list of endangered World Heritage .
6 6.
Recommendations For Conservation
Since the 1980s, across the world have up to 20 percent of its coral in hiding it from view Since the 1980s, across the world have up to 20 percent of its coral in hiding it from view . experts say carbon dioxide levels from pre - industrial levels of 280 ppm (1 ppm equals one - millionth of 387 parts per million) to improve the current experts say carbon dioxide levels from pre - industrial levels of 280 ppm (1 ppm equals one - millionth of 387 parts per million) to improve the current .
attend a Royal Society conference of scientists, found that only will carbon dioxide levels to 350ppm or below, in order to ensure that the reefs standing attend a Royal Society conference of scientists, found that only will carbon dioxide levels to 350ppm or below, in order to ensure that the reefs standing . 5 5.
News Event
According to media reports, the US 7th Fleet on 20 July 2013 released a statement, said the impact of military action to dismantle, warplanes forced on November 16th world cultural heritage, the Australian Great Barrier Reef Marine Park dropped four bombs. Each bomb weighed about 500 pounds (226 kg) agence france - presse reported, the U.S. military statement said the bomb from falling into 50 to 60 - meter - deep oceanic trench, is not a threat to coral reefs and ships these were not explosive bomb
.
