Crutcher
July 6th 1923, July 6th 1923, . born 1948 - 1951 in the university as a graduate student born 1948 - 1951 in the university as a graduate student .
the 1951 came back from a trip to China, continued to do post - graduate the 1951 came back from a trip to China, continued to do post - graduate . 1953 ended up for, start when junior lecturers: 1953 ended up for, start when junior lecturers: .
Hawkes Hanwen profound ", and was able to write poems in the classical Chinese, Chinese literature very love Hawkes Hanwen profound ", and was able to write poems in the classical Chinese, Chinese literature very love . 1960 - 1971 served as Professor of Sinology at the University of Oxford, in his inaugural statement, given many works, praises the nobility of the human spirit and penetration in the Chinese ancient literary works in 1960 - 1971 served as Professor of Sinology at the University of Oxford, in his inaugural statement, given many works, praises the nobility of the human spirit and penetration in the Chinese ancient literary works in .
Academic Research
Translation Of Chuci;
Following Willis after, Hawkes again systematically introduces the "Chuci" Following Willis after, Hawkes again systematically introduces the "Chuci" . 1959. Oxford University Press published his" Elegies: A Song of the South China ancient Poems", according to Han Dynasty text ", translation of Chuci Title 18, including Wang Yi Qu Yuan as adapted from the" Li Sao "," Nine Songs", "Heaven" and the like, as well as Song Yu Jing Cha in "Da Zhao" et al. (the actual author of some of the articles it is difficult to determine) that the
has taken verbatim translation and free translation between the middle of the road has taken verbatim translation and free translation between the middle of the road . rhythm of verse - making, admittedly important, precisely in order to convey meaning,in ord to sense that he was willing to sacrifice the prosodic rhythm of verse - making, admittedly important, precisely in order to convey meaning,in ord to sense that he was willing to sacrifice the prosodic .
Hawkes is such a rigorous attitude, which undoubtedly contribute to British readers to gain a better understanding of the "Chu Ci" contents and features of the Hawkes is such a rigorous attitude, which undoubtedly contribute to British readers to gain a better understanding of the "Chu Ci" contents and features of the . england sinologist hocks who rely on just one generation efforts, to Qu Yuan's view of the "Chuci", finally the entire passage of the visage, appears in the British people's immediate england sinologist hocks who rely on just one generation efforts, to Qu Yuan's view of the "Chuci", finally the entire passage of the visage, appears in the British people's immediate .
annotation It is written in two ways: annotation It is written in two ways: . succinct footnote and endnote, footnote, endnote, extremely detailed, succinct footnote and endnote, footnote, endnote, extremely detailed, .
has academic value such as" Li Sao "," Quan Yu Kui is not among the Lost Love "at heart of" Quan ", Hawkes is translated as the One (God) has academic value such as" Li Sao "," Quan Yu Kui is not among the Lost Love "at heart of" Quan ", Hawkes is translated as the One (God) . endnote Fangxin Jun told me,"as used herein, the word for 'Quan is a nickname In this context, it is often used to describe a poet of the King, according to most commentators' views, i.e., the grandson of
" and then he introduced in "After the May 4th Movement such a traditional political parable" is" love metaphor "instead of the case, and at the same time put forward the idea of" love metaphor "still has its shortcomings, because" leave "the vast majority of the length, and there is the political content of the final " and then he introduced in "After the May 4th Movement such a traditional political parable" is" love metaphor "instead of the case, and at the same time put forward the idea of" love metaphor "still has its shortcomings, because" leave "the vast majority of the length, and there is the political content of the final . Hawkes as well as being linked to the" Nine Songs", has been carefully preserved: "Quan' a child molester, as a metaphor of the symbol, I'm not completely sure To my mind,It's in this paragraph refers to the poet of king, how many still doubt
", Hawkes is the analysis of" object extraction "," citing "," spiritual "," Law in "Somaliland", such as proper names, has responded fairly comprehensively explained both ", Hawkes is the analysis of" object extraction "," citing "," spiritual "," Law in "Somaliland", such as proper names, has responded fairly comprehensively explained both . Hawkes is such a rigorous attitude, which undoubtedly contribute to the UK for the readers to get a more in - depth understanding of the contents and features of Chuci Hawkes is such a rigorous attitude, which undoubtedly contribute to the UK for the readers to get a more in - depth understanding of the contents and features of Chuci .
once he had rigorous discussion of Title 18, author of Songs of Chu, and Qu Yuan in the Han Dynasty worshipped the reason: "Han Dynasty writers revere him (referring to Qu Yuan) because to them, he was expressing his desire for martyrdom as gentleman of the typical once he had rigorous discussion of Title 18, author of Songs of Chu, and Qu Yuan in the Han Dynasty worshipped the reason: "Han Dynasty writers revere him (referring to Qu Yuan) because to them, he was expressing his desire for martyrdom as gentleman of the typical ."This is the "Chu Ci" for the first time in English translation, annotation or detailed or Jane, both for the general reader, and the side - by - experts and scholars of taste "This is the "Chu Ci" for the first time in English translation, annotation or detailed or Jane, both for the general reader, and the side - by - experts and scholars of taste .
adopting Wen Yiduo etc. study, textual emendations made some 
Culture
Hawkes is under the tutelage of Waley's sorcery culture research expertise Hawkes is under the tutelage of Waley's sorcery culture research expertise . 1967 Vol of "great Asia" magazine has published an important thesis of "the goddess of Quest", focuses on the transition from Chu to Han Fu of 1967 Vol of "great Asia" magazine has published an important thesis of "the goddess of Quest", focuses on the transition from Chu to Han Fu of .
problem wherein one important point was that the Chuci and the Han - culture witchcraft is common to the kernel, both of the collapsed Qing Dynasty is the most critical internal mechanism problem wherein one important point was that the Chuci and the Han - culture witchcraft is common to the kernel, both of the collapsed Qing Dynasty is the most critical internal mechanism . specifically in the following aspects: first, both with respect to the magic of specifically in the following aspects: first, both with respect to the magic of .
parade as important themes, noting that "the song of" Xiang Jun "from an essay in parade as important themes, noting that "the song of" Xiang Jun "from an essay in ." Xiang Jun "clearly describing the pursuit of the goddess of Xiangshui Shamans tour, and it is only in the ritrual activity verified, witchcraft,by symbolic environment arranged with props made of imaginative parade " Xiang Jun "clearly describing the pursuit of the goddess of Xiangshui Shamans tour, and it is only in the ritrual activity verified, witchcraft,by symbolic environment arranged with props made of imaginative parade .
in the Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru's" Shanglin Fu "," fu ", and" far "and the like, and also wrote many gods and emperors in the spirit of the escort of cruise in the Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru's" Shanglin Fu "," fu ", and" far "and the like, and also wrote many gods and emperors in the spirit of the escort of cruise . this parade, the original is the witchcraft of with second display proved this parade, the original is the witchcraft of with second display proved .
, Chuci and the Han Dynasty reflected the concept of space - time, paying attention to space and position while ignoring the time course of the , Chuci and the Han Dynasty reflected the concept of space - time, paying attention to space and position while ignoring the time course of the . character" Xiang Jun "," Li Sao "and the like, the only listed the arrival of the heavier - than - important status character" Xiang Jun "," Li Sao "and the like, the only listed the arrival of the heavier - than - important status .
Han Fu, from the east, north, south, west, and the positions of the described technique is more prominent in both. " are enumerated sequentially gimmick "" are enumerated sequentially gimmick ".
witchcraft is commonly used in the third, both of which are found in the universe witchcraft is commonly used in the third, both of which are found in the universe . "Yuanyou" describes a circular course, and finally to the activities of the national emblem from left to right, i.e., the center of the center of witchcraft, thereby sacrifice
climaxed in the Han Dynasty, this consists of four aspects came out at the center of the universe in the same manner as in the non - intelligence behaves more climaxed in the Han Dynasty, this consists of four aspects came out at the center of the universe in the same manner as in the non - intelligence behaves more ., and that as a result of the original main stream of the Folk Songs of the South, could easily evolve into a service in the court of the Han Fu , and that as a result of the original main stream of the Folk Songs of the South, could easily evolve into a service in the court of the Han Fu .
Shamans spells and forces the display indicate the Shamans and gods with at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Parade, turn the emperor to show off their power and prestige of the ceremony by Hawkes Shamans spells and forces the display indicate the Shamans and gods with at - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Parade, turn the emperor to show off their power and prestige of the ceremony by Hawkes . culture and anthropological methods,I focus on the cultural background and psychological analysis of both of the mode angle, is rather persuasive culture and anthropological methods,I focus on the cultural background and psychological analysis of both of the mode angle, is rather persuasive .
He proved it in voodoo culture, through the imagination to grasp the space of universe, is the historical period from the literary imagination in common of the "prototype" He proved it in voodoo culture, through the imagination to grasp the space of universe, is the historical period from the literary imagination in common of the "prototype" .
"genuine Drama And Taoist Culture
In China, for the drama literature in translation, and Hawkes of the research are more peculiar In China, for the drama literature in translation, and Hawkes of the research are more peculiar . he wrote an introduction was made on Joseph's translation of "The Orphan and Its Influence on the influence of European drama, and drama of the special form" the Quanzhen School of Drama "studies the he wrote an introduction was made on Joseph's translation of "The Orphan and Its Influence on the influence of European drama, and drama of the special form" the Quanzhen School of Drama "studies the .
for" genuine drama "of studying this subject few people discussed, the method has the outstanding features of religious literature, and in the multidisciplinary study of frontier for" genuine drama "of studying this subject few people discussed, the method has the outstanding features of religious literature, and in the multidisciplinary study of frontier . Specifically, Hawkes is studied in terms of the Quanzhen School of Drama in Yuan Dynasty zaju creation impact of the epidemic,and indirectly reflected in the poetic dramas of the Complete Perfection sect of the religion - related images and the legend of the forming process Specifically, Hawkes is studied in terms of the Quanzhen School of Drama in Yuan Dynasty zaju creation impact of the epidemic,and indirectly reflected in the poetic dramas of the Complete Perfection sect of the religion - related images and the legend of the forming process .
This is Hawkes culture and anthropology to the study of Ancient Literature of another successful case This is Hawkes culture and anthropology to the study of Ancient Literature of another successful case . Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Taoism was in vogue, the zaju creation under the influence of religion, in the special category in the live - action dramas depict deities or the light - emitting layers, generally referred to as" Drama " Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Taoism was in vogue, the zaju creation under the influence of religion, in the special category in the live - action dramas depict deities or the light - emitting layers, generally referred to as" Drama ".
" genuine drama "is" Drama" in one of the special kinds of " genuine drama "is" Drama" in one of the special kinds of . through research, as pointed out by Hawkes, Quanzhen Taoism which formed and spread in the course of a couple,It is applied to the Drama of Yuan Dynasty on the one hand is related to the religious themes of generating, on the other hand, special characters, the story - or the terms of the move but this through research, as pointed out by Hawkes, Quanzhen Taoism which formed and spread in the course of a couple,It is applied to the Drama of Yuan Dynasty on the one hand is related to the religious themes of generating, on the other hand, special characters, the story - or the terms of the move but this .
moved to a certain extent, to absorb or add legends and myths of the component, such a phenomenon even in historical records is difficult to avoid moved to a certain extent, to absorb or add legends and myths of the component, such a phenomenon even in historical records is difficult to avoid . Zaju in the depiction of the Complete Perfection sect. However, there is a famous playwright Ma Zhiyuan's" Ma Danyang - degree wind and "Yang Jingxian's" Ma Danyang and win over Liu Xing", Hawkes is researched from the two plays begin
David Hawks" wind ", a study, pays particular attention to the text of the first David Hawks" wind ", a study, pays particular attention to the text of the first .,He plays the melody and spoken parts distinguish ,He plays the melody and spoken parts distinguish .
second, note that different versions of the second, note that different versions of the . comparison he further compared the Mai Wang Guan Transcribing Codices and Drama at comparison he further compared the Mai Wang Guan Transcribing Codices and Drama at .
Edition of Drama, two versions have substantially the same text that caught his attention, that's the Danjie autobiographic enlightenment through Edition of Drama, two versions have substantially the same text that caught his attention, that's the Danjie autobiographic enlightenment through . Hawkes is referenced biographical notes, Ma Danyang of enlightenment to the simplicity and is clearly further myths into the Hawkes is referenced biographical notes, Ma Danyang of enlightenment to the simplicity and is clearly further myths into the .
but Ma Danyang bun hairdo of three different meaning interpretation, leaving history to legend traces the transformation but Ma Danyang bun hairdo of three different meaning interpretation, leaving history to legend traces the transformation . Hawkes is noted in passing that, even "Shanxi Chronicle" and "Zhouzhi County Zhi" of local historical records, has been used in religious legend Hawkes is noted in passing that, even "Shanxi Chronicle" and "Zhouzhi County Zhi" of local historical records, has been used in religious legend .
of the ingredients in here,Hawkes is in fact paradoxical that is common to all of "Mythology" of the ingredients in here,Hawkes is in fact paradoxical that is common to all of "Mythology" .
A Translation Of A Dream Of Red Mansions"
In the 1970s, Hawkes embarked on the translation of A Dream of Red Mansions" in the former 80 chapters by British publishing company Penguin publishing, translation under the title The Story Of the Stone, in three volumes, vol. I, The Golden Days" (1973), including 26 back to the front;Volume II, The Crab Flower Club (1977), including 27 53 back;Volume III of The Warning Voice (1980), including 54 to Chapter 80 later John's (John Hawkes) following the translation of A Dream in the last forty chapters, published in two volumes, Vol. IV / The Deb to Tears (1982), including 81 98 back;The V "(1986), including 99 120 back
David Hawkes' The Story of the" Complete Translation, thus changed the "Dream" only on the English translation of the abridged translation of the case, readers see the panorama, published immediately after the popular David Hawkes' The Story of the" Complete Translation, thus changed the "Dream" only on the English translation of the abridged translation of the case, readers see the panorama, published immediately after the popular . version reprinted several times in succession, and again in the UK and US were simultaneously published in hardback version reprinted several times in succession, and again in the UK and US were simultaneously published in hardback .
Hawkes' English translation: "A Story of the Hawkes' English translation: "A Story of the . he considered both the complete translation, including 120 back to the original book, according to the pandect to Magic Stone is a stone into the world of the plot lines, entitled the original working title of" Stone Story "makes sense while he considered both the complete translation, including 120 back to the original book, according to the pandect to Magic Stone is a stone into the world of the plot lines, entitled the original working title of" Stone Story "makes sense while .
,This also counts from the body of the cultural background of the consider ,This also counts from the body of the cultural background of the consider . Western readers in mind, "Dream" and "dream" out of the combination of the images; a sentiment with Enlightenment ideas, full of charm and mystery, which is apt to mislead us, thinking it's a gothic novel Western readers in mind, "Dream" and "dream" out of the combination of the images; a sentiment with Enlightenment ideas, full of charm and mystery, which is apt to mislead us, thinking it's a gothic novel .
. Someone might think, after Gao E supplemented after 40 back to the novel was only officially changed the title of "A Dream of Red Mansions"," Story of the exponential are just 80 back to the content, for English translation under the title, this book Is not contrary to the foot 120 back to the truth? this, Hawkes also has his own opinion he believed that Cao Xueqin died before they were actually completed after 40 back to the manuscript,but the brutal "Persecution", when there is no disclosure in regard to he believed that Cao Xueqin died before they were actually completed after 40 back to the manuscript,but the brutal "Persecution", when there is no disclosure in regard to .
Gao E of the so - called "sequels", only made an edit to the position of the processing, and did not participate in creating the Gao E of the so - called "sequels", only made an edit to the position of the processing, and did not participate in creating the . so the book instead of the original" Story ", only more austere so the book instead of the original" Story ", only more austere .
Hawkes is consciously aware of A Dream of Red Mansions" in various versions of the diversity and complexity, in the original and the text of which is selected when he finally select and follow the principle that the translator" between different versions may be appropriate, he considered sufficient to constitute a selection of the best stories of things, to organize a special rule in the book " Hawkes is consciously aware of A Dream of Red Mansions" in various versions of the diversity and complexity, in the original and the text of which is selected when he finally select and follow the principle that the translator" between different versions may be appropriate, he considered sufficient to constitute a selection of the best stories of things, to organize a special rule in the book ". did so because,"Dream of the Red Chamber" is different from the text, paradoxically, has caused some in the current version of the text and the depiction of contradictions on did so because,"Dream of the Red Chamber" is different from the text, paradoxically, has caused some in the current version of the text and the depiction of contradictions on .
Hawkes's translation, there was also, as it omitted Hawkes's translation, there was also, as it omitted . Volume II on the English translation of the original junction in poetry, drama, and set sentences is made in a small abridged Volume II on the English translation of the original junction in poetry, drama, and set sentences is made in a small abridged .
but these places, he attached to but these places, he attached to . annotation explanatory translation can only dream of as a person of annotation explanatory translation can only dream of as a person of .
Hawkes translation transliteration, free translation and the principle of common, but there is a paraphrase of the lost original Chinese meanings of Hawkes translation transliteration, free translation and the principle of common, but there is a paraphrase of the lost original Chinese meanings of . however this is a difficult problem for both the Chinese and foreign translation activity, it can lead to inconvenience demanding however this is a difficult problem for both the Chinese and foreign translation activity, it can lead to inconvenience demanding .
Hawkes's translation tends to have a "communicative translation" Hawkes's translation tends to have a "communicative translation". Peter Newmark in the translation method of "a culture that said" communicative translation translation will attempt to make the readers to the original (SL) are identical to those of Peter Newmark in the translation method of "a culture that said" communicative translation translation will attempt to make the readers to the original (SL) are identical to those of .
theory, communicative translation only for readers, and readers did not want a encountered in reading any obscure place, on the contrary, they are expecting foreign translators for something bold move into its culture theory, communicative translation only for readers, and readers did not want a encountered in reading any obscure place, on the contrary, they are expecting foreign translators for something bold move into its culture . "in the Translation of A Dream of Red Mansions, as can be seen mainly in the Hawkes' communicative" which, as in many places was very vivid, mellifluence, is to speak English, but due to his excessive attention to the target text readers,Thus the original national flavour translations of certain portions appear pale "in the Translation of A Dream of Red Mansions, as can be seen mainly in the Hawkes' communicative" which, as in many places was very vivid, mellifluence, is to speak English, but due to his excessive attention to the target text readers,Thus the original national flavour translations of certain portions appear pale .
David Hawkes' The Story of the Stone "in poetry translation is also his poetry theory of perfect practice, in the" Chinese poetry and British readers of "Chinese Poetry and English Reader), from the angle of comparative literature, Chinese tones, rhythms, rhymes and impersonal sentence,Western literary allusions and a poet of nature done exhaustive analysis David Hawkes' The Story of the Stone "in poetry translation is also his poetry theory of perfect practice, in the" Chinese poetry and British readers of "Chinese Poetry and English Reader), from the angle of comparative literature, Chinese tones, rhythms, rhymes and impersonal sentence,Western literary allusions and a poet of nature done exhaustive analysis . him. First the Chinese tone in translation cannot convey; prosody is the theory of translation is possible, practically untranslatable features of the Chinese
and the other is hardly reproduced is characterized in that the poetic rhyme and the other is hardly reproduced is characterized in that the poetic rhyme . He also noted the duality of the poem was translated into English, was leading to destruction of the poetic essence of Han as a concise He also noted the duality of the poem was translated into English, was leading to destruction of the poetic essence of Han as a concise .
because of the rigorous English grammar, Chinese words can be freely extended and retracted configuration is reversed such that the two very antithesis neat because of the rigorous English grammar, Chinese words can be freely extended and retracted configuration is reversed such that the two very antithesis neat . In addition, there is no Chinese verse may be a dummy, and the English sentence is less of an article, a preposition, In addition, there is no Chinese verse may be a dummy, and the English sentence is less of an article, a preposition,.
adverbs such as concise and neat is thus implicit in the nature of poetry adverbs such as concise and neat is thus implicit in the nature of poetry . dabbled with the untranslatability of poem translation field has long been a popular point of view, but Hawkes's efforts and achievements proved his discussion of "translatability" dabbled with the untranslatability of poem translation field has long been a popular point of view, but Hawkes's efforts and achievements proved his discussion of "translatability" .
David Hawkes' The Story of the Stone "has two essays:" Symbolist novel Dream of the Red Mansion "(Le Hong mong. Roman), income," Mr Dai devotion Mi: China's literary set "volume 2, 1974, in Paris, Presses Universitaires de France published articles discussing the A Dream of Red Mansions" is different from the character's characteristics and its interesting symbolic published articles discussing the A Dream of Red Mansions" is different from the character's characteristics and its interesting symbolic .
1 1.
Academic Achievements
Major's Done
"Songs of the South: Southern Song of Ancient Chinese Poetry" (Oxford University Press, 1959 Du Fu's Poem "Probie", "Story of the Stone""Songs of the South: Southern Song of Ancient Chinese Poetry" (Oxford University Press, 1959 Du Fu's Poem "Probie", "Story of the Stone".
Those Papers
"Symbolist novel Dream of the Red Mansion" (Le Hong mong. Roman), income, "Mr Dai devotion Mi: China's literary set" 1974 Paris France University Publishing House.Western View of the Stone, written in Mandarin, "A Dream of Red Mansions, No. 1 (1980)," Quest of the Goddess", "great Asia", in 1967, Vol. 2
