Morphological Feature
black bear than grizzly bears small, black, with white "v" - shaped spot black bear than grizzly bears small, black, with white "v" - shaped spot . as a middling size, length, or less than 1. 4 meters, head to torso about 120 ~ 180 cm high, the adult size is relatively small, perhaps only half the male bear
on the bear's hair diameter and density, usually black or brown (also) on the bear's hair diameter and density, usually black or brown (also) . chest has a very distinctive white or yellowish white, crescent - shaped markings, and are therefore also called moon bears (bear) Moon chest has a very distinctive white or yellowish white, crescent - shaped markings, and are therefore also called moon bears (bear) Moon .
this speckle size and shape between the different subjects are diverse, there is probably only a thin line, and in some cases a considerable portion of the triangular spot this speckle size and shape between the different subjects are diverse, there is probably only a thin line, and in some cases a considerable portion of the triangular spot . the bear's head and broad, and rounded,against two round ears and is shaped like Mickey Mouse the bear's head and broad, and rounded,against two round ears and is shaped like Mickey Mouse .
. Their eyes are relatively small, but have color vision, so that they can be extracted from the fruits and nuts of different on the bear's mouth and nose of a narrow and long, pale brown, the chin is white on the bear's mouth and nose of a narrow and long, pale brown, the chin is white .
Mao on the bear's not too long, but both sides of the head, have a long mane, and let their big face much more lenient Mao on the bear's not too long, but both sides of the head, have a long mane, and let their big face much more lenient . 2 Black bears only 4 foot walk plantigrade animal genus 2 Black bears only 4 foot walk plantigrade animal genus .
their brawny and strong limbs, large feet, particularly on the front foot their brawny and strong limbs, large feet, particularly on the front foot . palms have five long toes with sharp claws, but they are not able to recover the palms have five long toes with sharp claws, but they are not able to recover the .
In the devil's claw, and the other from the bear family,Their tails are also very short In the devil's claw, and the other from the bear family,Their tails are also very short .
Habitat Environment
The black bear is a forest of animals, the wide range of activities, the choice of habitat is threatened by the food - rich degree of the influence, human disturbance is a key factor in road density, distance from villages near and far, recreation, etc The black bear is a forest of animals, the wide range of activities, the choice of habitat is threatened by the food - rich degree of the influence, human disturbance is a key factor in road density, distance from villages near and far, recreation, etc . the pressure Asian black bears from low altitude of 600 meters of rain forest to the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, subtropical arid - valley scrubs; temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest, coniferous forest and cool temperate montane altitude controls 4000 meters of dark coniferous forest, a habitat for the pressure Asian black bears from low altitude of 600 meters of rain forest to the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, subtropical arid - valley scrubs; temperate deciduous broadleaved forest, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest, coniferous forest and cool temperate montane altitude controls 4000 meters of dark coniferous forest, a habitat for .
have the vertical migration of the habits, habitat in the alpine summer, before the winter from the plateau to gradually transfer to a lower altitude,even to the arid - valley scrubs area have the vertical migration of the habits, habitat in the alpine summer, before the winter from the plateau to gradually transfer to a lower altitude,even to the arid - valley scrubs area .
Living Habits
Hibernation
Asian black bears is the typical forests inhabit animal, north of the black bear hibernating habits, and in trees hollows, caves and burrows, under logs or rocks, the river wall, ditch and shallow depressions establish nests Asian black bears is the typical forests inhabit animal, north of the black bear hibernating habits, and in trees hollows, caves and burrows, under logs or rocks, the river wall, ditch and shallow depressions establish nests . autumn will eat them in large quantities, in preparation for hibernation eat lots of food to be fat, and the entire winter in the cave, not to eat, half asleep, hibernating and will automatically lower the body temperature, heart rate, to conserve the body's metabolism autumn will eat them in large quantities, in preparation for hibernation eat lots of food to be fat, and the entire winter in the cave, not to eat, half asleep, hibernating and will automatically lower the body temperature, heart rate, to conserve the body's metabolism .
from Jan - April out from Jan - April out .
Habit
Asian black bears of very sensitive smell and hearing, downwind of the scent can be smelled a half - kilometer outside, step 300 can hear the footsteps outside Asian black bears of very sensitive smell and hearing, downwind of the scent can be smelled a half - kilometer outside, step 300 can hear the footsteps outside . but the vision is poor, and therefore, "Heixiazi," said but the vision is poor, and therefore, "Heixiazi," said .
Asian black bears can walk upright like humans, can also act like a person sitting on the toilet, but action was slow and cautious, seldom attack humans Asian black bears can walk upright like humans, can also act like a person sitting on the toilet, but action was slow and cautious, seldom attack humans . night activities in general, daytime sleep in tree holes or caves in which night activities in general, daytime sleep in tree holes or caves in which .
is adept at climbing, may be on a very tall tree to get honey and fruit; and here is an item of inter to swimmers. red flag have been good
Food
Asian black bears are omnivorous in the standard, but also to plant food - based Asian black bears are omnivorous in the standard, but also to plant food - based . eaten food categories, including a variety of a plant bud, leaf, stem, root, fruits, and mushrooms, shrimp, crab, fish, invertebrates, birds, fish, rodents and carrion; will also excavate the nest and honeycomb eaten food categories, including a variety of a plant bud, leaf, stem, root, fruits, and mushrooms, shrimp, crab, fish, invertebrates, birds, fish, rodents and carrion; will also excavate the nest and honeycomb .
since meat in their diet (accounting for only a very small portion, but the bear was believed to be more carnivorous than American black bear since meat in their diet (accounting for only a very small portion, but the bear was believed to be more carnivorous than American black bear . because many natural foods have obvious seasonal variation, on the bear's food staples are often also subject to seasonal changes in spring when because many natural foods have obvious seasonal variation, on the bear's food staples are often also subject to seasonal changes in spring when .
, black bears and many more juicy fresh grass, the trees of plumule and leaf - eating , black bears and many more juicy fresh grass, the trees of plumule and leaf - eating . Summer,With the different carbohydrate rich in nutrients of fruits and berries such as raspberries, mountain loquat, kiwi fruit, and various fruits of the Lauraceae, ants, bees and other insects feed on Summer,With the different carbohydrate rich in nutrients of fruits and berries such as raspberries, mountain loquat, kiwi fruit, and various fruits of the Lauraceae, ants, bees and other insects feed on .
during autumn and winter, the black bear is a fat - rich diet of nuts, such as hickory, Fagaceae, during autumn and winter, the black bear is a fat - rich diet of nuts, such as hickory, Fagaceae, . acorn acorn.
Growth And Reproduction
basic black bear is a solitary animal, only the mating of the male and female will meet, and possibly in different areas in search of food basic black bear is a solitary animal, only the mating of the male and female will meet, and possibly in different areas in search of food . the black bear mating season. There are also different, life in Russia in the middle of the year in June or July of mating, while their love - child usually in December each year to March was born in Pakistan Black Bear usually through October and then we will consider giving birth to a son, their baby is generally in the following 2 months before the birth of the
- bear, pregnancy may have 6 - 7 months, and have a delayed implantation of the fertilized ovum,time for approximately two months - bear, pregnancy may have 6 - 7 months, and have a delayed implantation of the fertilized ovum,time for approximately two months . but delayed implantation was terminated by the occurrence of the phenomenon is not well understood mechanism of human - bear, but delayed implantation was terminated by the occurrence of the phenomenon is not well understood mechanism of human - bear, .
every time in hopes of getting 2 to 3 Cubs every time in hopes of getting 2 to 3 Cubs . newborn cubs were small, weighing only 200 - 300 g newborn cubs were small, weighing only 200 - 300 g .
cub born a week after the opening of eyes, weaning, and on the other hand, requires a minimum of three months cub born a week after the opening of eyes, weaning, and on the other hand, requires a minimum of three months . Cubs usually bear lived together for 2 ~ 3 years, sexual maturity is 3 ~ 4 years Cubs usually bear lived together for 2 ~ 3 years, sexual maturity is 3 ~ 4 years .
Distribution Case
World Distribution
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand and Viet Nam Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand and Viet Nam .
China's Distribution
Distributinging Yu Heilong river, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Inner Mongolia Distributinging Yu Heilong river, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Inner Mongolia .
Endangerment
The black bear is already listed as CITES Appendix I, in order to limit black bears live and their products and derivatives is carried out between the international trade of the The black bear is already listed as CITES Appendix I, in order to limit black bears live and their products and derivatives is carried out between the international trade of the . has been curbed portion against the killings and plunder, but apparently the role quite limited, because it fails to restrict black bear gall bladders and other products in the domestic trade of China on the Protection of Wildlife has been curbed portion against the killings and plunder, but apparently the role quite limited, because it fails to restrict black bear gall bladders and other products in the domestic trade of China on the Protection of Wildlife .
the black bear is listed as a protected second class animal in the the black bear is listed as a protected second class animal in the . In addition, the IUCN Red List, the black bear is listed as" vulnerable " In addition, the IUCN Red List, the black bear is listed as" vulnerable ".
Species Value
Ecological Value
natural original ecological environmental protection, forestry, and animal species natural original ecological environmental protection, forestry, and animal species .
Ornamental Value
black bear and made into a specimen, which are separated by a series of black bear and made into a specimen, which are separated by a series of .
Medicinal Value
Bear bile is the main medicinal parts of plants, fat, etc Bear bile is the main medicinal parts of plants, fat, etc . oriental traditional medicine using deoxy acid for 3000 years, Xiong is the only way to produce large amounts of mammalian oriental traditional medicine using deoxy acid for 3000 years, Xiong is the only way to produce large amounts of mammalian .
cholic acid cholic acid.
Present Situation Of Population
Bear Market Trade
There are 8 species of bear hunting by the threat of 7 kinds of bear bile trade subject to the threat of There are 8 species of bear hunting by the threat of 7 kinds of bear bile trade subject to the threat of . bear fur, gallbladder, paws and other body parts, to be sold to Chinese food market for venison and bear fur, gallbladder, paws and other body parts, to be sold to Chinese food market for venison and .
demand for bear bile, had facilitated since the eighties of the 20th century the territory of the People's Republic of China to the bear farming industry rapid development demand for bear bile, had facilitated since the eighties of the 20th century the territory of the People's Republic of China to the bear farming industry rapid development . were especially wild black bear cub was captured and sold to farms, but also due to the conditions and technical limitations, many black bears in drainage surgery infection and died of illness in the breeding process, is formed on the resource of the bears once havoc were especially wild black bear cub was captured and sold to farms, but also due to the conditions and technical limitations, many black bears in drainage surgery infection and died of illness in the breeding process, is formed on the resource of the bears once havoc .
this phenomenon in all countries where there's a bear in common, resulting in a precipitous decline in the total amount of Bears this phenomenon in all countries where there's a bear in common, resulting in a precipitous decline in the total amount of Bears . annually,world, 7,000 more than 400 Asiatic black bears in the Bear on the court and subjected to brutal torture annually,world, 7,000 more than 400 Asiatic black bears in the Bear on the court and subjected to brutal torture .
them where he is being too small to handle the turnaround of the cages, and was highly unsanitary conditions of the original method to the implantation of the catheter, bile for medicine are taken daily, their abdomen wounds never sewn them where he is being too small to handle the turnaround of the cages, and was highly unsanitary conditions of the original method to the implantation of the catheter, bile for medicine are taken daily, their abdomen wounds never sewn . most of Xiong began as a boy was put into prison, and would spend the next 13 years, and residual most of Xiong began as a boy was put into prison, and would spend the next 13 years, and residual .
surgery because of inferior technology, plus the year - round, Xiong Xiong farm only has a couple of their normal life span of 1 / 3 surgery because of inferior technology, plus the year - round, Xiong Xiong farm only has a couple of their normal life span of 1 / 3 . Chinese records bear's gall to cure liver - fire due to swollen and sore - throat, actual and 54 species of herbs can achieve the same effect,And cheaper Chinese records bear's gall to cure liver - fire due to swollen and sore - throat, actual and 54 species of herbs can achieve the same effect,And cheaper .
fact, bear bile has not decreased on the hunting of wild bears, distract the bear bears out on the court still was to begin capturing, and it stimulates the wild bear gall and bile of fact, bear bile has not decreased on the hunting of wild bears, distract the bear bears out on the court still was to begin capturing, and it stimulates the wild bear gall and bile of . market statistics, as of December 2009, of Chinese mainland's 31 provinces (cities, districts), 19 of which have no live bear bile farms there market statistics, as of December 2009, of Chinese mainland's 31 provinces (cities, districts), 19 of which have no live bear bile farms there .
according to the State Forestry Administration (SFA) in 1993, under the terms of the CWCA, under the coordination of the city with the provincial forestry department of 18 in early December between the Government of China have issued a document declaring that he is not within the jurisdiction of bear bile farms,its wildlife protection department is no longer subject to the approval of the establishment of live bear bile farms, and promised to prosecute within its jurisdiction just to enlarge the possible presence of illegal farms according to the State Forestry Administration (SFA) in 1993, under the terms of the CWCA, under the coordination of the city with the provincial forestry department of 18 in early December between the Government of China have issued a document declaring that he is not within the jurisdiction of bear bile farms,its wildlife protection department is no longer subject to the approval of the establishment of live bear bile farms, and promised to prosecute within its jurisdiction just to enlarge the possible presence of illegal farms .
Population Quantity
In China, an estimated of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, the territory of 1000 ~ 1500 head; Himalayan subspecies are few in number, for further investigation; Sichuan black bear has a wide distribution, a larger amount, it is estimated that the mountains around the Sichuan Basin and northern Sichuan area, Gannan and in Qinba mountainous area in Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces and the wild population is about 8,200 to 12500 head; especiallySelenarctos thibetanus (nominate subspecies) distribution in Tibet, which has a larger area, including the coteau area of yunnan province, the northern extension to southern Qinghai's Yushu region, estimated the population of 2500 - 3500 head;Taiwan black bears rarely; Hainan Island on Xiong has been five years, the dinosaurs have been extinct for In China, an estimated of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, the territory of 1000 ~ 1500 head; Himalayan subspecies are few in number, for further investigation; Sichuan black bear has a wide distribution, a larger amount, it is estimated that the mountains around the Sichuan Basin and northern Sichuan area, Gannan and in Qinba mountainous area in Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces and the wild population is about 8,200 to 12500 head; especiallySelenarctos thibetanus (nominate subspecies) distribution in Tibet, which has a larger area, including the coteau area of yunnan province, the northern extension to southern Qinghai's Yushu region, estimated the population of 2500 - 3500 head;Taiwan black bears rarely; Hainan Island on Xiong has been five years, the dinosaurs have been extinct for . therefore, China's wild black bear population is estimated at 12,000 - 18,000, but also the highest estimated 20,000 therefore, China's wild black bear population is estimated at 12,000 - 18,000, but also the highest estimated 20,000 .
Endangered Causes
the most advantageous safeguard, which is the black bear of Xiong product demand is reduced, thereby reducing the hunting and trade the most advantageous safeguard, which is the black bear of Xiong product demand is reduced, thereby reducing the hunting and trade . according to international and national laws protecting the species, but these laws are often not implemented according to international and national laws protecting the species, but these laws are often not implemented .
since 1979, this species has been included in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) since 1979, this species has been included in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . Pakistan subspecies black bear (Ursus thibetanus), living in Pakistan and Iran's southern baluchistan area arid thorn forest, is listed as critically endangered in the 1996 World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List,Pakistan and the country is listed as critically endangered by Pakistan subspecies black bear (Ursus thibetanus), living in Pakistan and Iran's southern baluchistan area arid thorn forest, is listed as critically endangered in the 1996 World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List,Pakistan and the country is listed as critically endangered by .
authorities proposed a reserve, to assist in the resumption of this very small isolated species of black bear hunting authorities proposed a reserve, to assist in the resumption of this very small isolated species of black bear hunting . only in Japan and Russia are legitimate only in Japan and Russia are legitimate .
under Russian law may be 75 - 100 every year to hunt and kill the bear, and estimate the hunted illegally every year about 500 head of Xiong under Russian law may be 75 - 100 every year to hunt and kill the bear, and estimate the hunted illegally every year about 500 head of Xiong . Japan a year on average about 500 also be hunted black bears, and since the late 1980s due to reduced interest in hunting, the hunting of this number has been declining slowly Japan a year on average about 500 also be hunted black bears, and since the late 1980s due to reduced interest in hunting, the hunting of this number has been declining slowly .
however, every year there are 1000 to 2000 heads are killed, sometimes up to 4,000 head however, every year there are 1000 to 2000 heads are killed, sometimes up to 4,000 head . black bear hunting methods include the use of a gun, black bear hunting methods include the use of a gun,.
traps and snares traps and snares.
Protective Measures
In most countries, the black bear is listed as a protected species and In most countries, the black bear is listed as a protected species and ., for example, in the case of China, the wildlife is listed as the second - ranked protected wildlife of national importance, in India as the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife listed in Schedule I of the , for example, in the case of China, the wildlife is listed as the second - ranked protected wildlife of national importance, in India as the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife listed in Schedule I of the .
In South Korea, is designated as a national monument (. 329) within the" Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Property, as one of those endangered wildlife in Japan, the species is listed on the endangered wildlife trade for the certification of legal protection, however, in south - east Asia, gall bladders and paws which hunting is still exempt in Japan, the species is listed on the endangered wildlife trade for the certification of legal protection, however, in south - east Asia, gall bladders and paws which hunting is still exempt .
species (With the exception of Myanmar) in each country, has been listed as a "General protection" which means species (With the exception of Myanmar) in each country, has been listed as a "General protection" which means .,They could be killed anytime ,They could be killed anytime .
In Afghanistan, Asiatic Black Bear is listed as a protected species, the species in that country of all hunting and trade prohibited by government In Afghanistan, Asiatic Black Bear is listed as a protected species, the species in that country of all hunting and trade prohibited by government .
Protection Level
The World's Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2012 IUCN Red List ver 3.1 Vulnerable (VU) included in the "Washington Convention CITES grade - protecting animal species included the Chinese National Key Protected Vulnerable (VU) included in the "Washington Convention CITES grade - protecting animal species included the Chinese National Key Protected .
grade: II grade: II.
