內容簡介
《2010考研英語閱讀理解標準90篇+提高30篇》上一版第17單元命中2009年1月考研英語閱讀理解PartA-篇文章。語境辭彙：重點大綱辭彙，一一釋義列出，常考超綱辭彙讓您熟悉積累；難句突破：較長較難句子，一一給您，分析句子結構，點撥語法難點；題眼點睛：部分典型題目，點出設題題眼，透視設題規律，清晰做題思路；全文翻譯：題目解析同時，給出全文翻譯，劃線題目出處，細節深層理解。雙重大禮：一重禮：考前名師，講課音頻；二重禮：考前熱點，押題作文。
主要內容
《2008年考研英語詞句篇高效閱讀120篇》
Unit 4
Part A
Directions: Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D].
Text 1
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications.① Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.② On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers.③ Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing.④ Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.⑤
1.implication n.①含意，暗示，暗指②捲入，牽連：have grave implications for unemployment 嚴重關係到失業問題/the implication behind the headline大標題的言外之意
2.context n.①上下文，語境②背景，環境：be apart from the context脫離上下文/in the context of在…情況下
○派 contextual a.文脈上的，前後關係的：contextual clues上下文提供的線索
3.systematic a.系統的，體系的：systematic study系統的研究
○同 systematically ad.系統地
4.generalized a.普遍的，一般化的：harbor a generalized resentment against society對社會懷有普遍的怨恨
○同 generalization n.一般化，普遍化
○同 generalize v.概括，歸納，推廣：generalize the use of a new insecticide推廣使用新殺蟲劑/generalize a conclusion from the facts從事實中歸納出結論
○同 general a.①一般的，普通的②總的③大體的n.將軍：as a general rule一般而言，通常/meet with general approval獲得大家的同意/a general grasp of the subject大致掌握這門學科
5.empirical a.憑經驗的，經驗主義的，經驗的：the empirical method經驗主義方法/empirical results 經驗性結論
6.plentiful a.豐富的，充足的，大量的：a plentiful harvest豐收/a plentiful supply of food豐富的食物供應
7.acquaintance n.①相識的人，熟人②認識，相識，了解：man of wide acquaintance 交友廣泛的人
○同 acquaint vt.(with)使認識，使了解，使熟悉：acquaint oneself with 知悉，了解
8.diagnosis n.診斷：form a correct diagnosis on a disease確診
○同 diagnose vt.診斷，判斷：diagnose the tumour as benign診斷該腫瘤為良性
9.virtue n.①美德，德行②優點，長處：the virtue of patience耐心的美德/have the virtue of具有…長處(優點)/by virtue of 由於
○同 virtual a.實質上的，事實上的，實際上的：a virtual defeat實質上的失敗/the virtual ruler of the country實際上的國家統治者
10.thoughtful a.①沉思的，思考的②體貼的，關心的：a thoughtful look沉思的表情/be thoughtful for one’s friends關心朋友
○同 thought n.①想法，見解②思考，思維③關心，注意：control public thought控制公眾的思想/deep in thought陷入沉思中
11.indicate vt.①標示，指示，指出②表明，示意：indicate a difference(between ... )指出…間的區別/indicate the time指示著時間
○派 indication n.①指示，表示②象徵，跡象：give an indication of a change表示變化/show indications of decline有衰落的跡象
○派 indicative a.①[+of]標示的，指示的，象徵的②陳述的，直陳的n.陳述語氣：be indicative of ...表明…
12.mass media 大眾媒體
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that
[A] generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism.
[B] importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.
[C] concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing.
[D] personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews.
2.Much research has been done on interviews in general
[A] so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.
[B] though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attention.
[C] but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected.
[D] and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing.
3.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,
[A] but most of them wish to stay away from it.
[B] and many of them hope to be interviewed some day.
[C] and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it.
[D] but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.
4.The word “empirical”(Sentence 2,Para.2) most probably means
[A] hypothetical [B] practical
[C] reciprocal [D] hysterical
5.The passage is most likely
[A] a part of a news article.
[B] a part of a journalistic interview.
[C] a part of a research report.
[D] a part of a preface to a book.
難 句 突 破
1.Most of these books, [as well as several chapters], (mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts), stress the “how to” aspects (of journalistic interviewing)
[rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications].
複雜的簡單句。主語為Most of these books，謂語動詞為stress，賓語為the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing；前半句中mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts 是主語的後置定語，其中in 與 but not limited to 在結構上是並列的，他們共同的賓語是journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts。
2.There is, as has been suggested, (a growing body of) research literature (in journalism and broadcasting), but (very little significant) attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.
並列句。連詞but 連線了兩個並列的句子，形成轉折關係；前一個句子是“there be ”句型，其中“as has been suggested ”為插入語；後一個句子為被動語態。此處的“growing body”指的是“數量越來越多的”，“body”此處的含義為“大量”。
3．[On the other hand], (many general) texts as well as numerous research articles present the (theoretical and empirical) aspects (of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers).
複雜的簡單句。其中的主語部分為many general texts as well as research articles，謂語動詞為present，賓語為the theoretical and empirical aspects ...，其中the training of the interviewers 與 interview 形成並列關係，共同成為 aspects 的定語。
4.[First], it seems likely that most people (in modern Western societies) are more familiar, [at least in a positive manner], with journalistic interviewing [than with any other form of interviewing].
複合句。本句的主幹為it seems likely that...；it是本句的形式主語，真正的主語是that從句。該從句是一個比較級結構，其主語為most people；at least in a positive manner為方式狀語，修飾形容詞familiar。
5.[Even so], true understanding (of the journalistic interview), especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, [as this book indicates].
複合句。句子主幹為true understanding...requires analyses and study；主語為true understanding，後面的of 介詞短語作主語的定語；as this book indicates屬於方式狀語從句。
1.選[B]，主旨大意題。第一句指出許多關於訪談這個話題的書都強調了訪談在新聞和廣播工作者的工作中占有重要地位。最後一句指出，對新聞職業實踐進行系統的研究能夠為人們形成許多關於新聞訪談的一般原則提供一定的依據，只是在說明系統研究的重要性，[A]中“新聞採訪的一般原則是新聞工作者最關心的問題”與此所講的重心不同，故錯誤；第二句話中指出，大部分新聞廣播行業的手冊只強調了新聞採訪“如何進行”這一方面，卻未關注新聞採訪的概念、背景及寓意，說明作者對這一做法持反對態度，與選項[C]的含義“概念以及背景寓意在新聞採訪中占次要地位”相反；第三句中作者指出，許多關於“如何進行採訪”的文章都是基於個人的經驗和印象寫出的，而對新聞學需要進行“systematic study”，暗示了單憑個人經驗寫出的文章不具有說服力，但並沒有完全否定personal experiences and general impressions，而選項[D] 以偏概全，對其進行全盤否定，故錯誤；選項[B]中說明應當重視對新聞訪談的系統研究，與第一段最後兩句的含義正好吻合，故選[B]。
2.選[C]，事實細節題。第二段的第一句指出，儘管許多研究新聞和廣播的作品越來越多，但對新聞訪談本身的研究卻很少，因此選項[C]符合題意。而[A]中訪談者的培訓因此得以加強在文中並未提及，只是說許多文章present the theoretical and empirical aspects of ... the training of the interviewers,未提及其結果，故錯誤；[B]中所指的“interviewing techniques” 與文中的“‘how to’ aspects” 意思相同，文中稱大部分書都談到了“‘how to’ aspects”，而[B]與文意相反，故錯誤；選項[D] 篡改了原文的意思，原文中指出越來越多的是“body of literature in journalism and broadcasting”，而不是對新聞訪談的研究，故[D]錯誤。
3.選[D]，事實細節題。第二段中提到，西方人對新聞訪談比較熟悉，但是“very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media”，由此可以看出[D]項意思與此完全相同。[A]與[B]在文中均未提及；人們是否希望真正了解新聞訪談，文中亦沒有提及，只提到如要真正了解新聞訪談，需要仔細地分析與研究，故[C] “很多人希望真正了解新聞訪談”不正確。
4.選[B]，語義理解題。從句中來看，“...articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview”，empirical 一詞是與theoretical 一詞處於並列地位的。一般情況下，由連詞and 連線的兩個名詞要么意思相近，要么意思相反。從本句的意思來看，是講很多文章都涉及到訪談的各個方面了，惟獨忽視了訪談本身，由此可以推測empirical 與theoretical 應該是訪談的兩個不同方面，故意思不應相似，而是與theoretical相反的意思，故答案[B]“實踐的”符合題意。[A]“假設的”；[C]“互惠的”；[D]“歇斯底里的”。
5.選[D]，推理判斷題。從第二段的最後一句話來看，結尾這句插入語“as this book indicates”有些突然，因為上文中通篇未提及是哪本書，由此可以判斷這篇文章應該是一本書的序言。同時，文章的內容雖然是關於新聞訪談的，本身形式卻不是新聞報導：沒有任何對話形式，沒有被訪問的對象，故亦不是新聞訪談，所以[A]和[B]均不符合題意；文章中作者在進行論證自己的觀點時並未提出任何確鑿的數據和事實，不符合研究報告的形式，故[C] 不正確。
Text 2
Dreams are said to be the window to the mind. Through the study of dreams, we can catch glimpses into what our subconscious minds are thinking, or what is troubling us at our deepest levels.① No all dreams are the same, however, either in content or in meaning. In this respect, the study of bad dreams, nightmares, can yield interesting observations in regard to the mind and status of the dreamer. Indeed, nightmares appear to have been the subject of far more studies than more pleasant dreams, if for no other reason than while pleasant dreams are easily forgotten upon awakening, nightmares tend to linger in our minds is sufficient to demand attention.②
The sources of our dreams are most commonly attributed to factors in our waking lives. Whether it be emotional challenges, stress in the workplace, relationship problems or a myriad of other possible factors, the thoughts and feelings created in our waking environments are believed to directly influence the content of our dreams. A particular dramatic or traumatic experience during the day would no doubt be encountered again in some form or another during the night.
Just as important as actual events in the determination of the content of our dreams are the pre-existing beliefs that we hold. If we encounter some kind of phenomena in our dreams, it is very likely that we already believed in the possibility of the phenomena before the dream.③ For example, if someone dreams of being abducted by aliens, it’s very likely that, before the dream, he already believed in the existence of aliens. To the extent that dreams are direct reflections of our minds, they will reflect accurately what we believe and hold to be true.
The way that we act in dreams bears consideration as well. Often times, our behavior in our dreams reflects hidden desires for that type of behavior in our waking lives. Someone who dreams of revenge may actually desire revenge in real life, and likewise someone who dreams of adventure night after night may be experiencing his mind playing out a desire for more excitement in his everyday life.④
While the items encountered in our dreams are of great importance in the analysis of dreams, it must be recognized and understood that the same item in two different dreams can easily have entirely different meanings for the two dreamers.⑤ For example, a horse in the dreams of an avid equestrian can signify comfort and relaxation, whereas the same horse in the dreams of a hunter can represent excitement and challenge.
1.glimpse n. 一瞥，一看v. 一瞥，一看：catch a glimpse of 瞥見，看一看
2.yield v.①生產②屈服n.產量，收益：yield crops出產莊稼/yield to sb.(sth.)對某人(物)屈服/commercial yield工業產量
3.observation n.①注意，觀察②言論，評論③[常pl.]觀察資料，觀察數據：come(fall)under sb’s observation被某人注意到/first-hand observations第一手的觀察資料
○同 observe vt.①注意到，察覺到②觀察③遵守，奉行：observe the behavior of birds觀察鳥類的行為/strictly observe the school disciplines嚴格遵守學校紀律
4.status n.①狀況②地位，身份：a status report on foreign affairs一份有關外交形勢的報告/ degrade one’s status降低身份
5.subject n.①主題，題目②學科，科目③(試驗等的)對象a.[+to]①受…支配的，取決於…的：wander from the subject離題/compulsory subjects必修科目/be subject to the law 受法律管轄的
6.linger vi.①(因不願離開而)繼續逗留，留戀徘徊②(on)繼續存留，緩慢消失:linger about 徘徊/ winter lingers 冬季遲遲不去
7.sufficient a.足夠的，充分的:be sufficient to feed a hundred person 足夠供100人吃飽
○同 suffice vi.足夠：No word will suffice to convey his grief. 他的悲傷是無法用任何言辭表達的。
8.attribute v.把…歸因於，把(過錯、責任等)歸於n.屬性，特性：attribute sb’s success to hard work把某人的成功歸功於努力工作/the most important attributes in a teacher當教師最重要的品性
9.challenge n.挑戰vt.①反對，公然反抗②向…挑戰：a challenge to ... 對…的挑戰或公然反抗/challenge sb’s right to vote對投票權表示異議/challenge sb. to a contest提出挑戰要求比賽
10.reflection n.①反映，表達②深思，考慮，反省③倒影，映像：a reflection of the reality現實的反映/do sth. without sufficient reflection未經深思熟慮做某事/quiet reflection靜思/the reflection of a sound wave聲波的反射
○同 reflect v.①反映②反射，映現③深思，反省：reflect the opinions of the children反映了兒童們的看法/reflect one’s intelligence顯示出某人的智慧/reflect for a moment思考一會兒
11.revenge n.報仇，復仇v.替…報仇：do sth. in revenge報復性地做某事/revenge one’s friend替朋友報仇
12.encounter vt. ①遇到，②遭遇n. ①意外向遇②衝突，交戰：encounter an old friend in the theatre 在戲院里偶然碰到一位好朋友/ encounter difficulties 遭到困難/ my first encounter with Mary 我和瑪麗的初次見面/a blood encounter 血戰
13.signify v.表示，意味，要緊：signify one’s agreement by nodding點頭表示同意/signify a shift in one’s foreign policy意味著改變對外政策
【超綱辭彙】
※1.subconscious a. 下意識的，潛意識的
※2.myriad n.許多
※3.traumatic a.使人不快的
※4.abduct vt.誘拐，綁架
※5.lavid a. 急切的
※6.equestrian n. 騎師
6. Nightmares are mentioned in paragraph one in order to
[A] give an introduction of our subconscious mind.
[B] give an example of one particularly vivid type of dream.
[C] provide a justification for the study of influence of dreams.
[D] compare the pleasant dreams and nightmares.
7. Based on the information provided in paragraph three, if a man dreamed of being hit by a train, it is likely that he
[A] has been hit by a train before.
[B] beliefs in the existence of trains.
[C] believes that it is possible to be hit by a train.
[D] is afraid of being hit by a train.
8.The last sentence of the text gives an example of horses encountered in dreams of two different people in order to
[A] illustrate how the same item can mean different things in different dreams.
[B] exemplify the concept that people would, no doubt, react differently to the same images in dreams.
[C] illustrate the idea that the emotions can influence the contents of dreams.
[D] Support the assertion that the meaning behind dream images is entirely subjective.
9.The main point of the text is that
[A] the study of dreams is based on logic from the waking life of the dreamer.
[B] in order to understand the meaning of dreams, we must analyze the beliefs of the dreamers.
[C] dreams can reveal much about the personality of the dreamer.
[D] the study of nightmares, while multifaceted,is a worthwhile endeavor. 10.Which of the following would the author most likely agree with?
[A] Nightmares can be good for us, if we use it properly.
[B] Those who study dreams must first study the emition of the dreamer.
[C] The study of dreams makes sense if we know what to look for.
[D] Dreamers should pay attention to their dreams to discern what those dreams reveal about themselves.
難 句 突 破
1.[Through the study of dreams], we can catch glimpses into what our subconscious minds are thinking, or what is troubling us at our deepest levels.
複合句。本句的主幹結構為...we can catch glimpses into...；介詞into後包含兩個由what引導的賓語從句。
2.[Indeed], nightmares appear to have been the subject (of far more studies) [than more pleasant dreams], [if for no other reason than while pleasant dreams are easily forgotten upon awakening, nightmares tend to linger in our minds is sufficient to demand attention].
複合句。for 引導的介詞短語中包括for no other than (that)句型，than 後面是省略了that in從句，while pleasant dreams...in our minds是從句中的主語；for no other reason than that意思是“只是因為”。
3.[If we encounter some kind of phenomena in our dreams], it is very likely that we already believed in the possibility (of the phenomena) [before the dream].
複合句。if we encounter ... in our dream是條件從句；主句中it是形式主語，that we already...before the dream是主語從句。
4.Someone (who dreams of revenge) may actually desire revenge (in real life), and likewise someone (who dreams of adventure night after night) may be experiencing his mind {playing out a desire for more excitement in his everyday life}.
並列句。本句是由and引導的並列句，即Someone...may...desire..., and...someone...may be experiencing...；句中包含兩個由who引導的定語從句即who dreams of revenge和who dreams of adventure night after night，修飾兩個主語someone。
5.[While the items encountered in our dreams are of great importance in the analysis of dreams], it must be recognized and understood that the same item (in two different dreams) can easily
have (entirely different) meanings [for the two dreamers].
複合句。While the items...analysis of dreams是狀語從句；主句中it是形式主語，that the same item...for the two dreamers是主語從句，是真正的主語。
6.選[B]，推理判斷題。本題和文章主旨有關。文章第一句便指出了本文的主題，即夢境是人的心靈之窗。進行有關對夢境的研究可以了解人們潛意識以及深層次的想法。第三句指出人的夢境不盡相同，隨後提出其中的一種夢——噩夢在對人的精神和做夢人狀況的研究方面都更有價值，所以此處談到噩夢是起到舉例說明的作用，故此題選[B]。本文全篇討論的都是dream,而不是subconcious mind，因此[A]錯誤；第一段最後一句雖然提到“nightmares tend to linger in our minds”，但後文並未對influence展開論述，故[C]錯；文中更未compare，因此[D]錯。
7.選[C]，推理判斷題。可以通過段落主旨來推導例子的答案。第三段指出，夢是人們對存在的事物在腦海中的反映。如果在夢中出現了某種現象，很有可能做夢前我們相信這種現象有可能存在(可參見難句突破第三句)。根據第三段的論述，應該是這個人相信這種事情的發生存在可能性，故答案選[C]。根據本段的陳述不能得出[A]這一結論；火車原本就是存在的客觀事物，因此不涉及“相信火車存在”的問題，所以[B]錯誤；[D]強調afraid of 和possibility無關，故排除。
8. 選[A]，推理判斷題，通過例證考查段落的主旨。第五段第一句指出，不同的人由於生活環境不同、精神生活以及深層面的心理活動不同，那么出現在不同人的夢境中的同一事物也會具有不同的含義(可參見難句突破第五句)。然後作者舉了一個例子論證這一觀點，一匹馬出現在騎手的夢中時可能意味著舒適和放鬆，但是出現在獵手的夢中時就可能代表刺激和挑戰，故本題答案為[A]，這一例子是對上文的例論，因此例論的目的應體現在該段的主旨中。[B]太絕對，故錯誤；[C]項屬於因果顛倒；作者並沒有在最後一段assert“夢中形象背後的含義完全是主觀的”,因此[D]錯。
9.選[A]，主旨大意題。本文作者意在說明對於夢的解析的觀點，即夢是人們日常生活、思想的反映。文章對夢境進行分析時，都和現實生活聯繫起來，所以[A]為答案。但文章中並未提到夢境可以反映出人的性格特徵，所以[C]錯誤；[B]的陳述只是第三段的大意；[D]“對於噩夢的研究雖然是多方面的，但是是值得的”的範圍太窄。
10.選[C]，觀點態度題。本文所表達的觀點是夢反映人們的現實生活以及人的精神世界，使人們洞悉潛意識的思維活動以及內心深處存在的問題，這是文章第一段就提到的分析——夢境的目的。因此，夢的解析有助於幫助一些存在心理問題的人們解決問題。科學研究是為解決實際生活中的問題服務的，所以作者最可能同意的觀點是[C]“如果我們具有一定的目的，對於夢的研究便是有意義的”。[A]是對第一段內容的曲解，作者始終都設有提到噩夢是件好事，故可排除[A]；作者在文章內容中並沒有表達[B]這種觀點；文章並非針對做夢的人提出一些建議，故[D]被排除。
Text 3
Before the summer of 2000, the 54-year-old John Haughom could accomplish just about anything at work. “I could move mountains if I put my mind to it.” he says in those days. But that summer Haughom found he couldnt move them anymore. On the phone with his wife one morning, Haughom broke down. A couple of days later, Haughom checked himself in for a three-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center, an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City that helps him deal with stress.①
Haughom is far from alone. A host of new studies and plenty of anecdotal evidence show that stress in the workplace is skyrocketing. Whatever the cause, stress levels are at record highs. The statistics are startling. According to a new study by the Federal Government’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, more than half the working people in the U.S. view job stress as a major problem in their lives. This year the European Community officially dubbed stress the secondbiggest occupational-health problem facing the continent.
Ten years ago experts warned that stress was out of control, in part because of a shaky economy. What’s notable about today’s wave of stressedout workers is that it rises all the way to the top. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority.② Powerful chief executives officers (CEOs) were seen as the least threatened by stress. But in today’s tough economy, top executives don’t have as much control as they used to. “Stress is just part of the job, fortunately or unfortunately, stress is part of our character building,” Lebenthal says. “But I think I don’t need any more character building. What I need is a vacation.”
But if you think that going on vacation is hard — and studies show that 85% of corporate executives don’t use all the time off they’re entitled to — seeking treatment for stress is even harder. Being able to handle stress is perhaps the most basic of job expectations. So among the corporate elite, succumbing to it is considered a shameful weakness. Stress has become the last affliction that people won‘t dare admit to. Most senior executives who are undergoing treatment for stress — and even many who aren’t — refused to talk on the record about the topic.③ “Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this.” one CEO said through his therapist.④
1.accomplish v.完成(任務)，達到(目的)，實現(計畫、諾言等)：accomplish a project工程竣工/accomplish one’s purpose達到目的
○派 accomplishment n.成就，完成
2.deal v.①處理②分給，發n.交易，(尤指貿易或政治上對雙方有利的)協定：deal with處理/a great deal大量/a profitable deal一筆獲利的交易
3.startling a.令人吃驚的：a starling result驚人的結果
○同 startle v.驚嚇，使吃驚：startle sb. out of one’s wits使人驚呆
4. federal a.聯邦的，聯合的，同盟的：federal government聯邦政府
5.sandwich vt.夾入，擠進n.三明治，夾肉麵包：sandwich a holiday between jobs在工作任務中間安排一次假期
6.executive n.①主管，高級行政員，行政官②(政府的)行政部門a.執行的，行政的：the chief executive最高行政官/the executive committee執行委員會
7.elite n.①[總稱]上層人士，掌權人物，實力集團②[總稱]出類拔萃的人(或集團)，精英：the elite of the society 社會知名人士/the scientific elite 科學界的傑出人士
8.undergo v.經歷，遭受(苦難等)：undergo great hardship遭受巨大的苦難
9.end up with以…告終
10.carry the brunt 首當其衝
11.put one’s mind to 專心於
12.check in 辦理登記手續
13.a host of 眾多，許多
【超綱辭彙】
※1.skyrocket v.暴漲，急速升高
※2.succumb vi.屈服，屈從，死
※3.affliction n.苦惱
※4.anecdotal a. 軼事的
※5.dub v.把…稱為
※6.stressor n.緊張性刺激
※7.therapist n.治療
11.What is this passage mainly about?
[A] Increasingly serious lack of vacation in people’s work.
[B] The second biggest disease in the world.
[C] The most serious problem people have to face.
[D] Serious pressure faced by working people.
12. What does the sentence “Haughom is far from alone” (Para. 2) mean?
[A] Haughom does not feel lonely though he lives by himself.
[B] There are many other people who are afflicted by stress.
[C] Haughom lives far from the workplace where he works by himself.
[D] Haughom does not feel lonely even if he stays at the Center by himself.
13.What is the European Community’s attitude toward stress?
[A] Stress is a disease that people should try to handle.
[B] Stress has great influence on working people’s lives.
[C] Stress is one of the most serious occupational problem.
[D] Stress is a major problem all the people face.
14.Why are middle managers regarded as most threatened by stress?
[A] Because they don’t have as much control as they used to.
[B] Because they are not able to handle stress.
[C] Because they have little power over the situation in the company.
[D] Because they need more character building.
15.The CEO’s statement in the last sentence of this passage implies that
[A] stress has become such a taboo that people won’t dare admit.
[B] CEOs don’t like their names appearing in story books.
[C] CEOs are afraid of being recorded.
[D] not admitting this weakness will produce something good.
難 句 突 破
1.[A couple of days later] Haughom checked himself in [for a threeweek stay at the Professional Renewal Center], {an… inpatient clinic30 miles outside Kansas City (that helps him deal with stress)}.
複合句。主句是Haughom checked himself in for... at...；逗號後是同位語，解釋說明the professional Renewal Center；其中that helps him deal with stress是定語從句，修飾an inpatient clinic。
2.Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, [so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority].
多重複合句。主句是Lack of control is... stressors；其餘部分是so引導的結果狀語從句，該狀語從句中，冒號前後各是一個小分句，語法上是並列關係，語義上看，第二個分句補充說明第一個分句；that middle managers carried the brunt是狀語從句中的主語從句，因其太長，故用了it作形式主語；Sandwiched between the
top and the bottom是過去分詞短語作原因狀語。
3.Most senior executives (who are undergoing treatment for stress)—and even many (who arent)—refused to talk on the record about the topic.
複合句。主句是Most senior executives ... and even many ...refused to talk on the record about the topic，其中most senior executives和many是並列主語，後各有一個定語從句，who are... stress和who aren’t, 第二個定語從句省略了和前文一樣的部分。
4．“Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this,” one CEO said [through his therapist].
複合句。該句是個直接引語作賓語從句的複合句，關鍵是理解引語。可結合前文提到的succumbing to it (stress)is considered a shameful weakness和難句突破3理解。
11.選[D]，主旨大意題。文章中出現頻率最高的關鍵字應是stress和work，pressure與stress同義，故選[D]。[A]是最後一段提到的內容，無法概括全文；文中雖提到secondbiggest，但工作壓力更確切地說應屬於一種problem，而不是嚴格意義上的disease(疾病)，而且文中說工作壓力在歐洲大陸(而不是全世界)成為第二大職業健康問題，排除[B]；[C]的表述the most serious problem過於絕對，且people指所有人，涵蓋的範圍太廣，排除[C]。
12.選[B]，語義理解題。該句位於第二段開頭，通常是主題句的位置，第二段用數字、調查報告、研究結果等都是為了證明還有許多其他人也在飽受壓力之苦，即[B]。文章沒有任何關於獨立生活、孤獨之類的論述，排除[A]和[D]；文中未提到Haughom的住處和工作地的距離，排除[C]。
13. 選[C]，觀點態度題。文章在第二段末尾提到了European Community，既然將工作壓力列在第二位，足以看出其對這一問題的重視，故選[C]。[A]的內容太過寬泛，不能準確體現歐盟的態度；文章重點談論的是工作壓力存在的普遍性和人們如何不願談論它，並未提到工作壓力對人的生活的影響，排除[B]；含all, everything, everybody等這些絕對意義的辭彙的選項往往是錯誤的，本文只談論了職業人群所面臨的工作壓力，排除[D]。
14. 選[C]，事實細節題。該題的解答可參考長難句過關2。中層經理有上級，有下級，這就是他們所面臨的狀況，故選[C]。文中提到dont have as much control as they used to是指高層經理，而不是中層，排除[A]；文章的意思是中層經理由於其所處的特殊位置而受到了巨大壓力，而不是由於他們本身不能處理壓力，排除[B]；第三段末句明確說明經理們真正需要的是休假，排除[D]。
15. 選[A]，推理判斷題。該題的解答可參考長難句過關4。[A]項確切地道出了當前人們對談論工作壓力問題的忌諱，即taboo，且wont dare admit 也形象地描述了人們的心理，故選[A]。[B]項和[C]項都是對前一句話的字面理解；[D]項是對該句的字面理解。
Text 4
With its common interest in law-breaking but its immense range of subject matter and widelyvarying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, of shoot of the traditional novel.①
The detective story is probably the most respectable at any rate in the narrow sense of the word of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of University dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends.② The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective storywriters are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. The elaborate, carefully assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end.③ With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.
Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gasfilled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler.④ He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail.⑤ All that we vainly hope for from life is granted in these stories.
1.immense a.①廣闊的②巨大的：an immense territory廣闊的領土/an immense improvement巨大的改進
2.legitimate a.①合法的②合理的vt.使合法：the perfectly legitimate procedure完全合法的程式/a quite legitimate conclusion非常合理的結論
3.disreputable a.聲名狼藉的：a disreputable romantic adventure不光彩的艷遇
4.respectable a.①可敬的，有名望的②高尚的，值得尊敬的：a respectable teacher可敬的老師/ respectable appearance體面的外表
○同 respectful a.①尊敬的，尊重人的②有禮貌的：be respectful to sb.尊敬某人/ respectful silence禮貌地保持安靜
○同 respect vt.①尊敬②尊重，重視：respect sb’s advice尊重某人的意見/with respect to關於
5.relaxation n.消遣，鬆弛：some relexation of the rules對規則的某些放鬆
○同 relax v.①放鬆，(使)鬆弛②放寬，緩和：relax one’s attention放鬆注意力
6.elaborate a.①精心計畫的，詳盡的②複雜的v.①詳述②詳細制訂：elaborate plans詳盡的計畫/elaborate hairstyle複雜的髮型/elaborate on this theory詳述這個理論
7.intimate a.親密的vt.暗示，提示：be on intimate terms with sb.同某人關係密切/intimate one’s approval of a plan暗示同意某項計畫
8.jungle n.①(熱帶)叢林，密林②亂七八糟的一堆：a jungle of welfare regulations紛繁的福利條例
9.detective n. ①偵探，私人偵探②發覺者，發現者，探索者：a book detective 淘汰書籍的能手
10.conscientious a. ①認真的，勤勤懇懇的②小心謹慎的：a diligent and conscientious teacher 勤勞盡職的老師/a conscientious piece of work 苦心做成的工作
○同 conscience n.良心：in (all /good)conscience憑良心，公平地/on one’s conscience引起某人悔恨(或內疚)的
11.authentic a.①真的，真正的②可靠的，可信的：an authentic antique 古董真品/an authentic news report 可靠的新聞報導
12.assemble v.①集合，聚集，召集②裝配：assemble forces 調集兵力/assemble the parts of a watch裝配表的零件
13.despise vt.鄙視，看不起：despise flattery鄙視吹捧
14.sprinkle v.撒，灑n.少量，少數：sprinkle water on the street 把水灑在街道上/a sprinkle of farmhouse 稀稀拉拉的幾所農舍
15.vaguely ad.含糊地
○同 vague a.含糊的，不明確的，模糊的：a vague answer含糊其辭的回答/vague eyes無表情的眼神
16.hover vi.①(鳥等)翱翔，盤旋②逗留在近旁，徘徊③彷徨，猶豫：a hawl hovering about its prey 在獵物頭頂上盤旋的一隻鷹/The shy children hovered around their mother.這些害羞的孩子逗留在母親身旁。/hover between life and death處於死亡邊緣
17.superficially ad.表面上地，淺薄地：superficially kind表面上很仁慈
○同 superficial a.①表面的②膚淺的，淺薄的：a superficial resemblance表面上的相似/a superficial friend 交情很淺的朋友
18.ruthless a.①無情的，冷酷的，殘忍的②堅決的，徹底的：a ruthless dictator殘酷的獨裁者/set off at a ruthless pace勇往直前
19.vicious a.①惡毒的，兇殘的②劇烈的，嚴重的：a vicious political tool 邪惡的政治工具/a vicious headache 劇烈的頭痛
20.resort n.①常去之地，勝地②求助(或憑藉)的對象，採用的手段(或辦法)③求助，憑藉，訴諸vi.(to)求助，憑藉，訴諸：a holiday resort 度假勝地/an employer of first resort 首先提供就業機會的顧主/have resort to force 訴諸武力/resort to sb. for help向某人求助
21.score n.①許多，大量②刻痕，劃痕③二十④分數vt.①得(分)②給(試卷等)打分，給...評分③刻痕於，劃線於：scores of things 許多事情/scores of pain on sb.’s face 某人臉上痛苦的痕跡/score a splendid goal 進漂亮的一球而得分/score a test 給測驗平分/score timber 在木材上劃線
【超綱辭彙】
※1.elucidation n.說明，闡明
※2.herring n.青魚，鯡
※3.imperturbable a.沉著的，冷靜的
※4.omniscient n.無所不知者，[宗]上帝 a.無所不知的
※5.nag v.不斷地嘮叨，惱人
※6.don n. 教師
※7.fatality n.死亡
※8.revel v.陶醉
※9.villain n.壞人
※10.revolver n. 左輪手槍
※11.hangovern.遺留物，殘餘
16.The crime novel may be regarded as
[A] a quite respectable form of the conventional novel.
[B] not a true novel at all.
[C] related in some ways to the historical novel.
[D] an independent development of the novel.
17.The passage suggests that intellectuals write detective stories because
[A] the stories are often in fact very instructive.
[B] they enjoy writing these stories.
[C] the creation of these stories demands considerable intelligence.
[D] detective stories are an accepted branch of literature.
18.What feature of the detective story is said to disqualify it from respectful consideration by intellectual critics?
[A] The many seeming impossible events.
[B] The fact that the guilty are always found out and the innocent cleared.
[C] The existence of a neat closely-knit story.
[D] The lack of interest in genuine character revelations.
19.One of the most incredible characteristics of the hero of a thriller is
[A] his exciting life.
[B] his amazing toughness.
[C] his ability to escape from dangerous situation.
[D] the fact that he can defeat his enemies.
20.The detective story and the thriller are unlike in
[A] providing a sense of security.
[B] providing excitement and suspense.
[C] appealing to the intellectual curiosity of reader.
[D] ensuring that everything comes right in the end.
難 句 突 破
1.[With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject matter and widelyvarying methods of treatment], the crime novel could make a legitimate claim {to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, of shoot of the traditional novel}.
複雜的簡單句。本句的主幹結構為：... the crime novel could make a ... claim to be regarded as ...；With its common interest...treatment 是介詞短語作狀語。or 連線兩個as介詞短語；even though a slightly disreputable 是插入語。
2.Fatalities may occur [more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society], but the world (in which they happen, {the village, seaside resort, college or studio}), is familiar to us, [if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends].
複合句。首先是由but連線的並列句，句子的主幹結構是Fatalities may occur ..., but the world ... is familiar to us ...；其中more...than might be expected...是比較狀語從句；in which they happen...studio是定語從句，修飾the world；the village, seaside resort, college or studio作the world的同位語，具體說明the world的內容；if not...experience作插入語。
3.The (elaborate, carefully assembled) plot, (despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels), has found refuge [in the murder mystery], [with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end].
結構複雜的簡單句。本句的主幹結構為The ... plot ... has found refuge ...；despised by ...novels為過去分詞短語，做後置定語修飾plot；the modern intellectual critics 和 creators of significant novels為並列結構，做by的賓語；its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with... at the end是介詞with引導的並列結構。
4.The sequence (of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gasfilled cellars) exhausts the reader [far more than the hero……, (who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler)].
複合句。本句的主幹為：the sequence...exhausts the reader far more than the hero...；who...a wrestler引導非限定性定語從句修飾hero，該從句中的suffering from... a hangover是分詞短語作後置定語。
5.[Perhaps] we miss [in the thriller] the security (of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to final gathering of suspects) [when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail].
複合句。句子的主幹結構是：we miss...the security of...；
of being safely led by...suspects介詞短語作security的定語，解釋說明security；when引導的狀語從句的主幹是：an ...elucidation...is given and justice and goodness prevail；red herring意思是“提出不相干的事實或論點，以分散對主題的注意力”，在這裡譯為“困擾”。
16.選[D]，事實細節題。第一段指出犯罪題材小說由於其本身特有的情節和寫作風格，被認為是文學中一個獨特的分支，或者是傳統小說的一枝獨特新芽，即犯罪題材小說在小說的分類中可以認為是自成一系，故答案選[D]。第一段最後一句指出，儘管有人對犯罪題材小說的評價不高，但至少可將其視為傳統小說中的一枝獨特新芽，也就是說它是小說，故[B]錯誤；文中沒有提到此類小說與歷史小說的相互關係，故[C]錯誤；[A]“傳統小說中很受尊重的一種形式”表達內容與第一段不符。
17.選[B]，事實細節題。該題定位於第二段第二句“Its creation is often the relaxation of...”，該句的意思是“創作偵探小說是大學老師、精通文學的經濟學家、科學家甚至詩人的一種消遣”，也就是說他們以寫這類小說為樂。[B] 選項和此意吻合；其他選項和原文不符。
18.選[C]，事實細節題。第二段倒數第二句談到偵探小說中那種精心安排的情節受到現代評論家和重要的小說創作者的鄙視。他們認為這類小說過於注重仔細編排情節，這與[C]表達的含義一致，故[C]為答案。[A]“許多看似不可能的事件”、[B]“真兇浮出水面、無辜的人得以澄清”、[D]“對真實人物的揭露缺乏興趣”並非原文中提到的評論家對偵探小說評價不高的原因。
19.選[B]，事實細節題。最後一段第二句提到在驚險小說中，儘管英雄至少有兩根肋骨被打斷，一隻眼睛被打得鐵青，身上多處受傷，卻還能夠赤手空拳追擊並制服暴徒，顯示了英雄令人驚異的強壯。這是這類小說中有關英雄的描述令人難以置信的特點之一，故選 [B]。[A]表述太泛泛；[C]是英雄行為的表現之一，不是他的性格特徵；[D]也不屬於性格特徵。
20.選[C]，事實細節題。第二段第一句指出，在犯罪題材小說系列中，偵探故事可能是最受推崇的；最後一段第一句提到，驚險小說描寫的是充斥著暴力、令讀者不舒服、不可信的世界，故答案應為[C]；這兩種小說在[A]、[B]、[D]方面有相似之處，只有[C]是他們根本的區別。
