顏淵
顏淵(公元前521年-公元前481年),名回,字子淵。春秋末期魯國人。生於魯昭公二十一年(公元前521年,周景王二十四年),卒於魯哀公十四年(公元前481年,周敬王三十九年)。在孔門弟子中,顏回最稱高足,其品德與學業均翹居群首,是孔子多次讚許的弟子。在《論語》中有六處孔子讚揚顏淵的句子。這在孔門和《論語》中也只有顏回一人了。顏淵死時,孔子是悲慟欲絕。
顏淵勤奮好學,不為生活艱苦所困。“賢哉,回也!一簞食,一瓢飲,人不堪其憂,回也不改其樂。賢哉,回也!”儘管顏淵沒有著述傳世,但他以其習行與品德,為後世儒者樹立了一個光輝的典範。
顏淵問仁
顏淵問仁。子曰,“克己復禮為人。一日克己復禮,天下歸仁焉。為仁由己,而由乎哉?”顏淵曰,“請問其目。”子曰,“非禮勿視,非禮勿聽,非禮勿言,非禮勿動。”顏淵曰,“回雖不敏,請事斯語矣。”譯文:顏淵問孔子究竟什麼是人。孔子說,“克制自己,使言語行動都符合禮,這就是仁。有朝一日人人都能克制自己,使言行都合於禮,那么天下就回歸仁道了。(由此看來)實踐仁道要先從自己做起,難道還要靠別人嗎?”顏淵說,“請問實行仁道的具體綱目。”孔子說,“不合乎禮的東西不看,不合乎禮的聲音不聽,不合乎禮的話不說,不合乎禮的事不做。”顏淵說,“我雖然遲鈍,請讓我照著您說的這些話去做吧!”
翻譯:When Yan Yuan asked about humanity,the Master said,"'To restrain oneself and return to the rituals constitues humanity.'One day one can restrain oneself and return to rituals,all under Heaven will turn to humanity.The practice of humanity rest with oneself.Does it test with anyone else?"
Yan Yuan said,"May I ask the details?"
The Master said,"That which does no conform to the rituals-do not look at it;that which does not conform to the rituals-do not listen to it;that which does ont conform to the rituals-do not say it;that which does not conform to the rituals-do not do it."
Yan Yuan said,"Slow-witted as I am,I beg to practice these remarks."