重讀音節
開閉音節讀音
元音字母重讀開音節和閉音節中的讀音
a
•①在開音節中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
•②在閉音節中
•1一般讀作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
•2後面字為st,ss,th時讀/ɑ:/
e
•①在開音節中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese
•②在閉音節中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
•①在開音節中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite
•②在閉音節中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
•①在開音節中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no
•②在閉音節中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
•①在開音節中
1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
2.元音字母u在輔音字母j、l、r或字母組合ch、sh、tr、dr後面時(輔音字母發音為[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),讀/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。
•②在閉音節中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
特殊讀音
元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音
a
•①在/w/音後面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality
•②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i
•在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high
o
•①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold
•②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother
r音節
-r音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
ar
•①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener
•②在/w/音後面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards
or
•①/ɔ:/forty morning short
•②/ɜ:/word worker worse
er,ir,ur
•/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday
注:①輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀/ə/音,例如:doll ar,teach er,mart yr,f orget,Sat urday。
re音節
-re音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
are
•/eə/care,dare,hare
ere
•/ɪə/here,mere
ire
•/aɪə/fire,hire,wire
ore
•/ɔ:/more,score,before
ure
•/jʊə/pure,cure
-re
•/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
注
•①are,ere,ire,ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。
•②重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母r讀/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
•③另外,某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。
元音字組
元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
ai,ay
•/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
•/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
•①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
•②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost
•③在f,m前/α:/half,calm
au,aw
•/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw
ea
•①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please
•②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather
•③/eɪ/break,great
ear
•①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year
•②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear
•③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early
ee
•/i:/jeep,week,green,three
eer
•/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
•①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they
•②/i:/seize,key
eu,ew
•①在j,l,r,s後/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel
•②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper
ie,ei
•/s/音之後/i:/piece,field,receive
oa
•/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
•/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
•/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
•/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
•/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football
ou,ow
•①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down
•②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though
•③/ʌ/young,country,enough
•④/u:/group,soup
our
•①/ɔ:/ course,your,four
•②/aʊə/our,hour,sour
•③/ɜ:/journey
oul
•/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情態動詞、助動詞)
ui
•①在j,l,r,s後/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition
•②/u:/juice,fruit,suit
非重讀音節
元音字母
元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音
a
•/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast
•動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,作動詞後綴音,a讀/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a處在開音節位置,
e
•/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i
•①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal
•②/aɪ/exercise,satellite
o
•①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome
•②/əʊ/also,zero,photo
u
•①/ə/autumn,difficult
•②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January
•③在輔音字母j,l,r,s後面時,讀/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。
•在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的元音字母a,e,i既可以讀/ə/的音,也可以讀/ɪ/的音。
元音字組
非重讀音節中元音字組和字群的讀音
ai,ay,ei,ey
•/ɪ/foreign,monkey
ow
•/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
•註:元音字組在非重讀音節中通常讀/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
•①/ʃən/impression,nation
•②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion
•③在s後/tʃən/question,suggestion
-isle
•/aɪl/aisle, Carlisle
-sten
•/sən/listen
-stle
•/sl/whistle
-sure
•/ʒə/pleasure,measure
-ture
•/tʃə/picture,culture
複合詞
元字組在複合詞非重讀音節中的讀音
•複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些詞隨著語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。例如:holy(神聖)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中斷)+fast/α:/(齋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗櫃)。
輔字組讀音
b
•①/b/ bike,bus,bag
•②/不發/bomb,tomb
c
•①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle
•②其他情況/k/cake,picture,coat,music
•③/tʃ/cello、concerto
ch
•①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher
•②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要為希臘外來詞)
•③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法語外來詞)
-ck/cq
[k]co ck,po cket,bla ck,kno ck,che cque,
cz
•[tʃ] Czech
d
•/d/doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
•/dʒ/bridge,fridge
dr-
•/dr/children,driver,drink
ds
•/dz/hands(主要用於可數名詞複數)
f
•/f/five,four,breakfast
•/v/of
g
•①/g/bag,garden,go
•②在e,i,y之前一般讀作/dʒ/,少數例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant
•③e,i,y之前少數情況下讀/ʒ/genre,massage
gh
•①/f/cough,enough
•②/不發/light,daughter,high
gu-,-gue
•①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重讀音節中)
•②/gw/language,anguish
h
•①/h/hot,head,house,hand
•②/不發/hour,honest
j
•①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June
•②/ʒ/Jacques(用於法國人名)
•③/h/Juanita(用於西班牙人名)
k
•/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
•/n/knife,know,knock
l
•①/l/life,lead,lot(出現在元音前面)
•②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出現在元音後面。可以出現在輔音前,也可出現在輔音後(詞尾)]
m
•/m/monkey,come
-mn
•/m/autumn,column,solemn
n
•①/n/not,shine,ten,note
•②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
•/ŋ/morning,young,wrong
p
•/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
•/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
•/k/Iraq
qu-
•/kw/quality,quite
r
•/r/red,rubber,ruler
rz
•/ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布熱)
s
•①在詞首、清輔音前/s/sit,sleep,desk
•②元音字母間或濁輔音前/z/music,husband
•③sure結構或s+i/e+元音字母時讀作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。
sc-
•①/sk/scarlet
•②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science
sch-
•/ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/
sh
•/ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash
t
•①/t/ten,letter,meet
•②在弱讀字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation
tch
•/tʃ/watch
th
•①/θ/thin,thirty,method
•②/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞中,以及在詞尾-the,-ther中
tr-
•/tr/tree,train,country,truck
ts,tz
•/ts/Tsingtao(青島),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用於可數名詞複數)
•quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用於德國人名)
v
•/v/very,voice,love,leave
w
•①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait
•②/不發/answer,two,sword
wh-
•①/w/what,when,white,why
•②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole
wr-
•/r/write
x
•①在重讀元音後/ks/box,text,exercise
•②ex+重音元音讀/gz/,example,exist,exact
•③/z/xylophone
y
•/j/yes,yard,yellow,young
z
•①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo
•②/ʒ/azure
•③/ts/pizza Nazi(義大利、德國外來詞)
zh
•/ʒ/ zhoosh