英語發音規則?fr=aladdin

英語發音規則,即將國際音標套用在英語的一般情況的歸納。可供外企、國際商務、導遊等諸多職業人士用作參考。

本詞條以英式公認發音(Received pronunciation)為主線,給出英文拼寫和英語發音之間的對應關係。

重讀音節

開閉音節讀音

元音字母重讀開音節和閉音節中的讀音

a

•①在開音節中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake

•②在閉音節中

•1一般讀作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back

•2後面字為st,ss,th時讀/ɑ:/

e

•①在開音節中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese

•②在閉音節中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg

i

•①在開音節中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite

•②在閉音節中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim

o

•①在開音節中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no

•②在閉音節中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock

u

•①在開音節中
1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
2.元音字母u在輔音字母j、l、r或字母組合ch、sh、tr、dr後面時(輔音字母發音為[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),讀/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。

•②在閉音節中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch

特殊讀音

元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音

a

•①在/w/音後面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality

•②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father

i

•在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high

o

•①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold

•②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother

r音節

-r音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音

ar

•①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener

•②在/w/音後面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards

or

•①/ɔ:/forty morning short

•②/ɜ:/word worker worse

er,ir,ur

•/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday

:①輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀/ə/音,例如:doll ar,teach er,mart yr,f orget,Sat urday。

re音節

-re音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音

are

•/eə/care,dare,hare

ere

•/ɪə/here,mere

ire

•/aɪə/fire,hire,wire

ore

•/ɔ:/more,score,before

ure

•/jʊə/pure,cure

-re

•/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre

•①are,ere,ire,ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。

•②重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母r讀/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。

•③另外,某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。

元音字組

元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音

ai,ay

•/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play

air

•/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair

al

•①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,

•②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost

•③在f,m前/α:/half,calm

au,aw

•/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw

ea

•①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please

•②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather

•③/eɪ/break,great

ear

•①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year

•②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear

•③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early

ee

•/i:/jeep,week,green,three

eer

•/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer

ei,ey

•①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they

•②/i:/seize,key

eu,ew

•①在j,l,r,s後/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel

•②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper

ie,ei

•/s/音之後/i:/piece,field,receive

oa

•/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal

oar,oor

•/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor

oi,oy

•/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet

oo

•/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo

•/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football

ou,ow

•①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down

•②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though

•③/ʌ/young,country,enough

•④/u:/group,soup

our

•①/ɔ:/ course,your,four

•②/aʊə/our,hour,sour

•③/ɜ:/journey

oul

•/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情態動詞、助動詞)

ui

•①在j,l,r,s後/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition

•②/u:/juice,fruit,suit

非重讀音節

元音字母

元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音

a

•/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast

•動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,作動詞後綴音,a讀/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a處在開音節位置,

e

•/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children

i

•①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal

•②/aɪ/exercise,satellite

o

•①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome

•②/əʊ/also,zero,photo

u

•①/ə/autumn,difficult

•②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January

•③在輔音字母j,l,r,s後面時,讀/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。

•在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的元音字母a,e,i既可以讀/ə/的音,也可以讀/ɪ/的音。

元音字組

非重讀音節中元音字組和字群的讀音

ai,ay,ei,ey

•/ɪ/foreign,monkey

ow

•/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow

•註:元音字組在非重讀音節中通常讀/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour

-sion,-tion

•①/ʃən/impression,nation

•②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion

•③在s後/tʃən/question,suggestion

-isle

•/aɪl/aisle, Carlisle

-sten

•/sən/listen

-stle

•/sl/whistle

-sure

•/ʒə/pleasure,measure

-ture

•/tʃə/picture,culture

複合詞

元字組在複合詞非重讀音節中的讀音

•複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些詞隨著語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。例如:holy(神聖)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中斷)+fast/α:/(齋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗櫃)。

輔字組讀音

b

•①/b/ bike,bus,bag

•②/不發/bomb,tomb

c

•①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle

•②其他情況/k/cake,picture,coat,music

•③/tʃ/cello、concerto

ch

•①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher

•②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要為希臘外來詞)

•③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法語外來詞)

-ck/cq

[k]co ck,po cket,bla ck,kno ck,che cque,

cz

•[tʃ] Czech

d

•/d/doctor,bread,hand,day

-dg(e)

•/dʒ/bridge,fridge

dr-

•/dr/children,driver,drink

ds

•/dz/hands(主要用於可數名詞複數)

f

•/f/five,four,breakfast

•/v/of

g

•①/g/bag,garden,go

•②在e,i,y之前一般讀作/dʒ/,少數例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant

•③e,i,y之前少數情況下讀/ʒ/genre,massage

gh

•①/f/cough,enough

•②/不發/light,daughter,high

gu-,-gue

•①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重讀音節中)

•②/gw/language,anguish

h

•①/h/hot,head,house,hand

•②/不發/hour,honest

j

•①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June

•②/ʒ/Jacques(用於法國人名)

•③/h/Juanita(用於西班牙人名)

k

•/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week

kn-

•/n/knife,know,knock

l

•①/l/life,lead,lot(出現在元音前面)

•②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出現在元音後面。可以出現在輔音前,也可出現在輔音後(詞尾)]

m

•/m/monkey,come

-mn

•/m/autumn,column,solemn

n

•①/n/not,shine,ten,note

•②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry

-ng

•/ŋ/morning,young,wrong

p

•/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen

ph

•/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph

q

•/k/Iraq

qu-

•/kw/quality,quite

r

•/r/red,rubber,ruler

rz

•/ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布熱)

s

•①在詞首、清輔音前/s/sit,sleep,desk

•②元音字母間或濁輔音前/z/music,husband

•③sure結構或s+i/e+元音字母時讀作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。

sc-

•①/sk/scarlet

•②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science

sch-

•/ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/

sh

•/ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash

t

•①/t/ten,letter,meet

•②在弱讀字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation

tch

•/tʃ/watch

th

•①/θ/thin,thirty,method

•②/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞中,以及在詞尾-the,-ther中

tr-

•/tr/tree,train,country,truck

ts,tz

•/ts/Tsingtao(青島),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用於可數名詞複數)

•quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用於德國人名)

v

•/v/very,voice,love,leave

w

•①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait

•②/不發/answer,two,sword

wh-

•①/w/what,when,white,why

•②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole

wr-

•/r/write

x

•①在重讀元音後/ks/box,text,exercise

•②ex+重音元音讀/gz/,example,exist,exact

•③/z/xylophone

y

•/j/yes,yard,yellow,young

z

•①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo

•②/ʒ/azure

•③/ts/pizza Nazi(義大利、德國外來詞)

zh

•/ʒ/ zhoosh

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