英語作文的基本要求
英文書寫應符合書寫規範，英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮，通篇勻稱和諧。
寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如小寫字母i，應該先寫下面的部分，然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫，寫快了，就會把點和下面的豎筆連在一起，顯得十分彆扭。字形t應為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，難以辨認。另外，把r寫成v，把q寫成把g，把k寫成h等等，都是中學生書寫中常見的毛病。
不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫，但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫，卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律寫成同一高度，占上中兩格的字母與占中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
另外，書寫時還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離，不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應該按照習慣，不能隨意亂來。
在萊曼英語所倡導的五種英語語言能力中，寫作被認為是必修的重要課題之一。它既是英語學習短期目標——考試所要求的內容之一，又是英語學習的長期目標——交流所必需的能力之一。毋庸置疑，英語寫作是集基礎知識，基本能力和課外信息於一身的綜合體現，同時，又要兼顧到寫作者高超的寫作技巧。因而，沒有紮實的英語語法知識；沒有長期不懈的訓練；沒有科學的方法指導；沒有廣博的課本以外的知識和信息，寫好一篇優秀的英語作文是非常困難的。首先，一個段落必須有一個中心,即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段
英語作文一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip which we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences(不相干的句子)，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。再看一個例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby。
從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。
正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平靜）Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什麼它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。因此，要達到完整就必須儘可能地簡明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯繫；反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A．按時間先後排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our Lucky day.
本段從“rose”（起床）寫起，然後是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”），然後是“close to noon”，一直寫到這一天結束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置遠近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處（“from a distance”）寫起，然後“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最後是“inside the pagoda”……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及里等等。
C. 按邏輯關係排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性順序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最後是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個general statement作為主題句，然後通過5個 "perhaps"加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個問題：為什麼兩隻貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較，末句才下結論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉換詞語（transitional words or phrases），另一種是起轉換作用的其他連線手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有辭彙105個，所使用的轉換詞語及其他連線用語共26個詞，約占該段總辭彙量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對於學生在半個小時內寫120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 en211ago. Written language is arecent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的"it"之外，沒有使用其他的過渡詞語.這樣，文中出現許多重複的詞語，全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤：
1、不必要的改變時態，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單複數，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中，一定要注意時態，人稱以及數的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。
英語作文的書寫格式
英文的書寫和移行英文書寫應符合書寫規範，英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮，通篇勻稱和諧。
寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如小寫字母i ，應該先寫下面的部分，然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫，寫快了，就會把點和下面的豎筆連在一起，顯得十分彆扭。字形t應為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，難以辨認。另外，把r寫成v，把q寫成把g，把k寫成h等等，都是中學生書寫中常見的毛病。
不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫，但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫，卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律寫成同一高度，占上中兩格的字母與占中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
另外，書寫時還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離，不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應該按照習慣，不能隨意亂來。
在一篇字數有限的作文里，我們還要注意儘量不把一個單詞拆開移行。萬一要移行，則必須以音節為單位進行，如revolution這個詞，依照音節移行的原則可以按re-，revo-, revolu-這幾種方法移行。在移行時，我們還應特別注意以下幾點:
1. 單音節詞不能移行，即使是字母較多的單音節詞，如through等也不能例外。
2．縮略詞如Mr.、Dr.等不能和後面的名字拆開移行。 縮略的專用名詞如U.K.(the United Kingdom)、U.S.A(United States of America)等也不能拆開移行。
3．時間、量度及貨幣單位應視為一個整體；不能分開移行。
如: 11：00 P.M. 應寫在一行內，不能將11：00和PM.分開移行；寫38℃時，不能將38和℃分開移行。
4．由“年、月、日”表示的日期。如果必須分開移行只能將“月、日”與“年”分開。如January 6，1980不能將January和6分開移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成兩行。
5．含雙寫輔音字母的單詞，在移行時要將輔音字母拆開。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果雙寫輔音字母屬於詞根，後面又加了後綴，就不能將兩個輔音字母拆開。如drill加上-ing後構成了drilling，就不可以將它拆成dril-ling，而只能拆為drilling。
例文：
1.寵物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it en211 to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.”
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn’t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊莉莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her Charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二個女兒和最聰明和機智，伊莉莎白是自豪感和偏見的主演和其中一個在英國文學的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的質量是numerous—she是可愛的，聰明，並且，在對話定義的小說，她一樣精采地交談象任何人。 她的誠實、美德和活潑的機智使她在胡話之上起來，並且瀰漫她的壞行為類跳起和經常惡意的社會。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和傾向經常做倉促評斷帶領她迷路; 自豪感和偏見本質上是故事她(和她真實的愛， 達西)怎樣克服他們自己的個人failings—to發現浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊莉莎白必須不僅應付一個絕望的母親，一個遙遠的父親，二非常表現的更加年輕的兄弟姐妹，並且幾位勢利，對抗的女性，她必須也克服Darcy她自己的錯誤印象，最初帶領她拒絕他的求婚。 而她駕駛家族和社會動亂，她魅力是充足保持他感興趣，幸運地。 她慢慢來認識這個崇高的達西先生的性格,她意識到她的初始誤差的偏見。
此外，寫日記時不一定全用過去時，在表達思想的時候最好用一般現在時。
3,情感
1．四邊的距離
在書寫時，上下左右要留有一定的空白距離。
2. 題目的寫法
題目應寫在第一行的中間，題目左右兩邊的空白距離大致相等。
題目的第一個單詞的第一個字母必須大寫。從第二個單詞起，其中每個實義詞的第一個字母大寫，而冠詞、介詞和連詞的第一個字母則一般小寫。如：
A Day to Remember Let's Go in for Sports
寫題目不要用括弧或引號。題目後除了問號和感嘆號之外，不加其它標點符號。
3．文章本體
文章第一段的第一行應與題目隔一行或兩行。每段的開頭一般應該縮格，即向右縮進約四個字母的間隔；單詞與單詞之間須留一個字母的間隔，句與句之間須留兩個字母的間隔。假若每行的最後一個單詞寫不下，最好不要輕易拆字移行，可將該單詞移到後一行去書寫。書寫時，不要因為一行末尾還有一點空間就把一個詞的前半截硬塞在那裡，造成非移行不可的局面。實際上，移行過多是書寫、打字或排印質量不高的表現。不必過分地去追求右邊的整齊，寧可多空一些，每行長短錯落，要比移行過多看上去舒服。另需注意，在英語寫作時每句結束語後不能使用“。”而要用“.”如若是英語考試，則每一次這樣失誤會扣掉1分。
英語作文寫作技巧
英語考試作文試題的一個最大的特點就是時限性，即在有限的時間內（一般分配30分鐘）按試題要求完成作文試題。有很多參試者最後交卷時作文題要么沒有完成要么質量比較差，這其中當然有很多原因，但不可忽視的一點原因便是寫作文時間不夠來不及完成作文或來不及仔細思考寫一篇合乎題目要求的文章。通過本次培訓課程，各位可以學會一些減省寫作時間的良方佳策。
英語作文試題一般要求字數在120字左右，段落一般為三段，因而有“三段論”一說。所謂“三段論”即全文分為三個自然段，一般結構為“首段擺事實（現象）、提觀點（論點或問題），在這一部分參試者最好將題目要求中的第一個要點（一般為提出問題或觀點）作為首段的內容之一；第二段剖析現象、分析論點，這也是全文的主體部分。在這一部分參試者需要將試題要求中的所有要點的內容都加以闡述和擴展，同時注意不要信馬由韁的寫一些與文章主題無關的內容以免被當作離題處理；第三段為結論段，這一段的主要任務是為全文做一個結論性的終結，讓文章顯得完整和連貫。至於開頭和結尾有無固定的套路可循，我們後面的講解中將會接觸到。
英語作文考試時注意的問題
審題最重要1．認真審題立意
定文章之靈魂對命題作文必須認真審題，對自由作文必須立好意。文章要有明確的主題，必須具備4個條件：準確、鮮明、深刻、集中。
打造文章之骨架審好題，立好意後，就要寫提綱，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好層次段落，鋪設好過渡，處理好開頭和結尾。如命題作文中有提示句，還要從提示句的關鍵字出發，圍繞關鍵字開拓思路，發揮聯想，記錄下聯想到的東西，可以是句子或單詞詞組，可以是英語或漢語。
3．寫出段落主題句理文章之脈絡一篇短文的段落一般分為引導段、主題段和結尾段。每段的主題句非常重要，是作者思維的起點，切題的準繩，闡述的對象。看到段落主題句，讀者大致了解段落要闡述的內容。段落主題句通常是一個語法結構完整、內容概括、用詞簡潔明了的單句。通常將段落主題句置於段落的開頭，可使文章結構更清晰，有說服力。
4．參照提綱緊扣主題句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉有了段落主題句後，還需要順著段落主題句的方向，參照提綱中的思路，從而完成各個段落。引導段要能引起讀者的注意和興趣，為主題段鋪路架橋。主題段應圍繞文章和該段的主題來展開。展開的方式包括：順序法、舉例法、比較法、對比法、說明法、因果法、推導法、歸納法，和下定義等。可以根據需要任選一種或幾種方式。
5.注意進行這一步驟還需注意四方面問題：
1）確保提綱中段落結構的思路與各段主題句的一致性。只有這樣，才能保證所寫段落不偏題，不離題。
2）要綜合考慮各個段落的內容安排，避免段落內容的交叉。
3）用好連線詞，注意段落間、句子間的連貫性。要做到所寫文章層次分明，思路清晰，文字連貫，就需要在句與句之間，段與段之間架起一座座橋樑，而連線詞起的正是橋樑作用。 增加文采小竅門: 如果說第一、二步是對文章的構思，第三、四步驟則是真正地“寫”了，用詞是否貼切，文法是否正確，句式是否多變，文采是否有生氣，關係到寫作者的語言功底和水平，但也有些竅門是需要長時間累積的。
4）平時多注重積累一些高級辭彙也是很重要的
中考英語書面表達背誦範文
一、Greatchangesinmyhometown
Morethantwentyyearsago,myhometownwasjustasmall,oldandpoortown.Mostofpeoplewerefarmers.Therewerefewfactories.Thepeopledidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeatandworeoldclothes.Theyhadahardlife.
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepasttwentyyears.Thepeoplehavefoundalotofwaysofmakingmoney.Nowtherearemanytallbuildings.Theyareverybeautiful.Roadsarewideandclean.Peoplecantakebusesordrivetheirowncarstogotowork.Manypeoplehavecellphonesandpersonalcomputers.People’slivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.Thankstothegovernment’sefforts.myhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.
二、Savetheearth
Howtoprotecttheenvironmenthasbecomeoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworld.
It’sourdutytoprotectourenvironment.Nomatterwherewelive,weshoulddosomethingtokeepourneighborhoodcleanandtidy.Wecancollectwastepaperorotherwastethingsforrecycling.Weshouldplantmoretreesandweshouldpreventthosefactoriesfrompouringwastewaterintorivers,lakesandfields.Weshouldn’tleaverubbisheverywhereandspitinpublicplaces.Wemustn’tpicktheflowersorsteponthegrassinpublic.Ifeveryonetrieshisbesttoprotecttheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautifulandourlifewillbebetterandbetter.
三、Improveourenvironment
Goodenvironmentcanmakepeoplefeelhappy.Toimprovetheenvironmentmeanstoqualifyourlife.Whatshouldwedotoimproveourenvironment?
Weshouldplantmoretrees.Andweshouldpreventthosefactoriesfrompouringwastewaterintorivers,lakesandfields.Wheneverweseelitterontheground,weshouldpickitupandthrowitintoadustbin.Don’tspitinpublicplaces.Don’tdrawonpublicwalls.It’sourdutytokeepourearthcleanandtidy.
四、Pollutionaroundus
Inrecentyearsourlifeisbecomingbetterandbetter.Butourenvironmentisbecomingworseandworse.It’sverybadforourlife.Nowmanypeoplehaveair-conditionersandcars,theyproduce(giveoff)wastegas.Moreandmoretreesarebeingcutdown.Therearesomuchsandontheearth(leavingonlysand).Weoftenseefactoriespourwasteintoriversorlakes.Waterintheriverisquitedirty.Wehaven’tenoughcleanwatertodrinkincities.Nowweareindanger.It’sverynecessaryandimportanttoprotecttheenvironmentwell.Ithinkifeveryonetrieshisbesttoprotecttheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful,andourlifewillbebetterandbetter.
五、Makeourworldmorebeautiful!
Protectingtheenvironmentisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttohumans.It’sourdutytotakecareofthenaturearoundus.Animalsandplantsareourbestfriends.,andweshouldsharetheworldwiththem.Weshouldn’tkillwildanimals,andwemustprotectforestsbecausetheyareanimals’home.Wemustplantmoretreesandgrass,theycanmaketheworldgreener.Themorebeautifultheworldis,thehappierliveswewillhave.Let’sdoourbesttomaketheworldbeautiful.
六、Keepourschoolclean
Wearestudyinginthisschool.Itisourdutytokeepitcleanandtidy.Itisnotgoodtospitinpublicplaces,suchasinthelibrary,intheclass.Weshouldn’tleaverubbishhereandthere.Don’tdrawpicturesonthewall,theyinfluencethelookofourschool.Weshouldkeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.Andweshoulddosomecleaningoften.Ifeveryonetrieshisbesttodosomethingusefulforourschool,I’msureourschoolwillbemorebeautiful.
七、Mycountrylife
Iliketoliveinthecountryside.Iliveinasmallvillage.Thereisarivernearit.Lotsoftreesarearoundmyhouse.Icanseealotoffarmsandbirds.Thereislessnoise.Theairhereiscleanerandfresher.Therearefewercars.Ireadaloudearlyinthemorning.Whenitisgettingdark,themoonisbrightinthesky.It’sveryquiet.WhataniceplaceIlivein!
八、HowtolearnEnglishwell
Asweknow,Englishhasbecomeaninternationallanguage.ItismorepopularthananyotherlanguageinChina.Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldanditisthemostusefullanguagearoundtheworld.Buthowtolearnitwell?
Thebestwayistouseitallthetime.IfwecantalkinEnglish,thinkinEnglishwecanlearnitwell.Atschool,weshouldlearntohear,speak,readandwritecarefully.WeshouldspendenoughtimeinpracticingEnglish.IfwekeeponworkinghardatEnglish,wewillbeabletobegoodatitoneday.
九、HowIlearnEnglish
Hello,everyone.ItismyhonortotalkwithallofyouabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.IlikeEnglishverymuch.Ialwayspreviewandmasterthemainideaofthelessonbeforeclass.Inclass,Ilistencarefully,speakloudlyandwritecarefullyandtakenotesifnecessary.Afterclass,Idomyhomeworkcarefully.IwatchEnglishmoviesandlistentoEnglishsongs.IhavebookedanEnglishnewspaper.It’sTimesEnglishPost,Icanlearnalotfromit.IamnotafraidofrememberingthenewwordsbecauseImastermanygoodmethods.IhopeyouworkhardatEnglishandmakeprogresseveryday.That’sall.
十、HowIimprovedmyEnglish
WhenIbegantolearnEnglish,Iwaspooratit.Iwasquiteworriedatthattime.LaterI1istenedtotheteacherattentivelyinclass,andmadenotescarefully.IfIhadanyquestion,IaskedmyEnglishteacherormyclassmatesforhelp.EverymorningIreadtheEnglishtextsaloudandlistenedtotheEnglishtapes.Intheevening,afterfinishingmyhomework,IalwaysreadsomeEnglishandmagazines.
NowIamoneofthebeststudentsatEnglishinmyclass.
寫作技巧
英語考試作文試題的一個最大的特點就是時限性，即在有限的時間內（一般分配30分鐘）按試題要求完成作文試題。有很多參試者最後交卷時作文題要么沒有完成要么質量比較差，這其中當然有很多原因，但不可忽視的一點原因便是寫作文時間不夠來不及完成作文或來不及仔細思考寫一篇合乎題目要求的文章。通過本次培訓課程，各位可以學會一些減省寫作時間的良方佳策。
英語作文試題一般要求字數在120字左右，段落一般為三段，因而有“三段論”一說。所謂“三段論”即全文分為三個自然段，一般結構為“首段擺事實（現象）、提觀點（論點或問題），在這一部分參試者最好將題目要求中的第一個要點（一般為提出問題或觀點）作為首段的內容之一；第二段剖析現象、分析論點，這也是全文的主體部分。在這一部分參試者需要將試題要求中的所有要點的內容都加以闡述和擴展，同時注意不要信馬由韁的寫一些與文章主題無關的內容以免被當作離題處理；第三段為結論段，這一段的主要任務是為全文做一個結論性的終結，讓文章顯得完整和連貫。至於開頭和結尾有無固定的套路可循.
英語作文的關鍵
作文是中學英語學習的重要內容之一，也是學生綜合能力的體現。它與學生的辭彙量、語法、句法能力和邏輯思維能力等有密不可分的關係，在高考中占有相當大的比重。而許多學生在此方面丟分甚多，以致影響最後總分，因此提高學生寫作能力勢在必行。如何提高學生的英語寫作能力呢？
1.掌握基本句型、詞組，加強基本功訓練。
任何文章都是由句子組成的，句子又是由詞組、基本句型構成的。要重視詞、短語、句型的理解記憶，因此，書面表達要從詞組、句型訓練入手，強化基礎知識。掌握好詞組、基本句型，再配上合適的時態，一篇文章就基本完成。
由易到難，循序漸進練習寫作。
句子是作文的基本單位，我們要有意識地進行連句成文的有步驟的訓練。先把辭彙寫出來，然後巧用一些關聯詞連句成篇。在大量形式多樣的簡單句子中，要逐步學會用簡單句子表達思想．並學會構寫一個語段來表達連貫的思想。
針對句式單一，嘗試多樣化的表達方式。
學生從開始接觸英語時就學到“主――謂――（賓）”或“主――系――表”結構。它是最基本、最常用，也是大部分學生唯一能夠信手拈來的句型。但這種句式若從頭至尾地貫穿於書面表達中，習作就顯得單調乏味。怎樣突破單一句式，使文章生動活潑、結構緊湊？我們可以學會運用以下表達方式：
（1）倒裝句式和定語從句的運用：地點狀語+謂語+主語（時態限於一般現在時和一般過去時）。該句型常用來描述物體方位，它比“therebe”句型更令人印象深刻，結合定語從句的運用，使句子結構更加緊湊。
（2）動詞非謂語形式的運用。動詞非謂語形式的正確使用可使行文簡潔、流暢。
（3）從句的運用。熟練掌握以下句型對寫作幫助很大。
過了多久……(從句的動作)才發生：Itwillbe+before+S+V.如：
Itwillbemanyyearsbeforenaturecanrestoreitsbalance.要過許多年，自然界才能恢復平衡。
從句的動作還沒來得及做，主句的動作就發生了：S+V+before+S+V.如：
SherushedoutoftheroombeforeIhadtimetoexplain.我還沒來得及解釋她就衝出了房間。
what引導的名詞性從句。如：
Whatsurprised(worried,disappointed,impressed…)memostisthat….
WhatIneed(want,worryabout,hope…)isthat….
(4)Itis形容詞或過去分詞+that—clause句型。
（5)Ithappenedthat+S+V句型。（碰巧發生什麼事）。
(6)強調句型：Itis(was)+被強調成分+that/who+句子的其它成分。如：ItwasinAustraliathatIpickedupmyEnglish.
4.培養良好的學習習慣。對課文中優秀的對話和篇章要背誦熟讀，多做翻譯、改寫和仿寫練習。要求每天記日記。有機會去寫自己身邊的瑣事，大膽地寫，不受約束，想寫什麼就寫什麼，有什麼就寫什麼。養成寫日記的好習慣。
多讀多記多練．打好語感基礎。
“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會吟詩也會吟。”英語也一樣。在學習中大部分人總是擺脫不了漢語對英語學習的影響，習慣用漢語的思維方式去學英語，才會在寫作中無從下手或寫出一些句型錯誤的中式英語。只有多讀多背，對英語的語言習慣才會熟悉起來．並且找到語感，寫作時也才不會被漢語的思維習慣所干擾。“讀”即選讀一些外刊的精晶短文，或各種題材的範文，這類．文章語言規範、地道．文字短小精悍，學了就能派上用場。除此之外還要求學生正確發出每個單詞的音，流利讀出每句英文，還要求學生正確理解每句英文的意思，為下一步“記”掃清障礙。“記”指記憶，即背誦。書面表達的困難就在於我們頭腦中“漢語表達習慣”的“沉積層太厚”．要克服漢語干擾，徹底從學生的大腦中趕走“中國式英語”，依靠理解和熟讀英語短文，是不夠的．必須通過“背誦”才能使“英語表達法”深深印在學生的腦子裡。
通過大量閱讀來提高英語寫作能力。
古人云：“讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神”、“口不絕吟於六藝之文，手不停披於百家之編”。可見，閱讀量對表達能力的影響是直接的，閱讀量越多，對表達能力的影響也越大。沒有大量閱讀，一切都是“空中樓閣”。大量的閱讀英語文章有助於擴大辭彙量豐富語言知識，增加語感，提高應運語言的能力，很多學生經常會想中文怎么寫就會寫．寫出中文式英文，語法不通。所以通過大量閱讀，逐漸地不會出現中文式英文。“大量閱讀，高效寫作”旨在培養學生的閱讀能力和寫作能力，即口頭和書面表達能力。這裡閱讀是前提和基礎，只有通過讓學生大量閱讀，積累豐富的經驗，才能掌握靈活的英語寫作方法，才能為表達奠定良好的基礎。
總之．要提高學生的英語寫作能力，就要培養學生良好的學習習慣，要重視詞、短語、造句的理解記憶，對課文中優秀的對話和篇章要背誦熟讀，多做翻譯、改寫和仿寫練習。結合課文進行各種體裁的寫作訓練。只有堅持不懈，持之以恆，才能寫出準確、生動、規範的英語文章。
如何避免由於漢語思維導致的英語寫作錯誤
對英語作文的典型錯誤進行分析既是檢驗漢譯英水平的最佳方法，也是提高英語作文水平的最有效途徑。在此我們充分展示一下錯誤分析的方法和作用。下面列舉的學生譯文收入了學生們在練習和考試中普遍出現的、具有代表性的英語錯誤。我們要仔細對照原文，努力挑出其中的錯誤，並且學會改正它們。在這個過程中，我們可以做一件非常有用的事，就是把找出的錯誤分門別類，然後根據自己容易犯的錯誤類型，有針對性地進行深入的英語學習和寫作訓練。
翻譯錯誤的出現不僅是因為水平有限，而且往往出於思維的惰性。把漢語原文的詞語都變成英文詞語，按一定順序串成句子，確實已經讓初學者費了不少腦筋。這時尤其要認識到，寫作過程遠遠沒有結束。你還需要自問:詞語是否譯得恰當?要避免虛假對應;詞語間搭配是否合適?要避免照搬漢語搭配;句子結構是否自然?要避免中式英文和翻譯腔。
需要說明的是，有一類常見錯誤這裡沒有列舉，那就是英語單詞的拼寫問題。因為它屬於英語學習的基礎內容，與漢譯英本身沒有直接關係。但大家還是要充分意識到正確拼寫的重要，勤查詞典，避免此類錯誤的發生。
原作文
ChinesehavethecustomthattheyeatsweetdumplingsmadeofglutinousriceflourandappreciatefestivelanternsatthenightofJanuary15.
錯誤分析
(1)少用冠詞:“中國人”應該譯為theChinese(people)。再比較:“美國人”可譯為Americans，而“日本人”必須加冠詞，譯為theJapanese.
(2)搭配不當:thecustomthattheyeat…不通，應改為thecustomofeating...。
(3)動詞使用不當:appreciate為“讚賞”(tovalueorregardhighly)之意，而原文中的“賞”意思應該是“觀賞”(watch).
(4)介詞使用錯誤:原文指具體某一天的晚上，譯文介詞應由at改為on(ontheeveningof)。
(5)不忠實於原文:January15是公曆一月十五日，而原文“正月十五”指陰曆(lunarcalendar)的一月十五日。
英語作文正確句子
TheChinesehavethecustomofeatingyuanxiao(sweetdumplingsmadeofglutinousriceflour)andwatchingfestivelanternsonthefifteentheveningofthefirstlunarmonth.
單句寫作是英語寫作的基本功。在一個句子中，每個詞語都和其它詞語發生關係，互為語境，而句子本身則處於孤立狀態。所以當我們翻譯各個詞語時，要做到相互協調，前後一致，邏輯嚴謹;而當我們對句子做整體處理時，就享有一定靈活性，也許能夠給出多種恰當的譯法，而這些譯法分別適用於不同的段落或篇章語境。無論在詞語的選擇還是句子結構的處理上，我們對其適用範圍都要作到心中有數.
